Transcription

1 ' GENETIC ENGINEERING Chapter 13 Reading Guide Biology 137 Read pages to answer and complete the reading guide. Section 13-1 Changing the Living World Selective Breeding 1. What is Selective Breeding? Name Period Humans use selective breeding, which takes advantage of naturally occurring in plants, and other organisms, to pass on to the next of organisms. 3. Give four examples of selective breeding. c. d. 4. How did Luther Burbank ( ), perhaps the greatest selective breeder of all time, help Ireland by using selective breeding? 5. As one of his tools, Burbank used, crossing dissimilar to bring together the of Hybrids, the individuals by such crosses, are often than ofthe 6. How does hybridization help farmers with increase food production? Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering Reading Guide 11.docx 01118/13

2 7. Define Inbreading List one positive of inbreeding and one negative of inbreeding. Positive ex. Negative ex Increasing Variation Selective breeding would be nearly without the wide that is found in This is one of the reasons biologists are interested in the of plants and animals in the However, sometimes breeders want more than exists in Breeders can the variation in a population by, which are the source of As you may recall, are inheritable m Mutations occur spontaneously, but breeders can the mutation by using and Many mutations are to the With luck and perseverance, however, can often produce a -- individuals with -- with that are not found in the What are mutations? 10. Why do breeders sometimes induce mutations? 11. Increasing variation in bacteria have produced new kinds of bacteri Look at figure How is this mutant oil digesting bacteria helpful to the environment? Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering Reading Guide 11.docx 01/18/13 2

3 12. New kinds of plants are produced using drugs that prevent chromosomal separation. Give two advantages mutant polyploidy plant have over their diploid relatives. 13. Relative genetic variations and mutations to each other. 14. You are a geneticist trying to develop a sunflower with red flowers and a short stem. As you compare the sunflowers you have, what genetic variations would you look for? 15. What kinds of plants would you select for crossing? 13-2 Manipulating DNA Scientists use their of the structure of and its to study and DNA molecules. Different are used to DNA from, to cut DNA into ~, to identify the of in a DNA molecule, and to make unlimited copies of DNA. The Tools of Molecular Biology Match the following by drawing a line to the correct letter 16. Restriction Enzymes A process used to separate and analyze DNA fragments. A porous gel and voltage is used to separate the fragments. Genetic Engineering Gel Electrophoresis Cuts DNA molecules at specific sequence of nuc1eotides. c. Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism. Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering Reading Guide 11.docx 01118/13 3

4 Once DNA is in a manageable form, it's --', and even can be Knowing the sequence of an organism's DNA allows researchers to study, to them with the of organisms, and to try to discover the of different genes and 17. List three techniques scientists use to read and change the sequence of DNA molecules. c. 18. Why might a scientist want to know the sequence of a DNA molecule? 19. What is recombinant ON A? 20. What is a polymerase chain reaction (per) used for? 13~3 Cell Transformation During, a takes in DNA from the cell. This external DNA becomes a Transforming bacteria 21. What is transformation? of the cells' DNA. Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering Reading Guide II.docx 01118/13

5 22. How can you tell a transformation experiment has been successful? 13-4 Applications of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering makes it to DNA sequences, including genes, from one organism to another. 23. Look at figure How did Steven Howell apply genetic engineering to a tobacco plant? Transgenic Organisms 24. What is a transgenic organism? Genetic engineering has spurred the of, which is a that is, the way we with the List two practical applications for each ofthe following Transgenic Bacteria Transgenic Animals Transgenic Plants Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering Reading Guide 11.docx

6 25. What basic steps were used to produce Dolly? 26. Why did Dolly not look like her mother? Read pg. 330, Issues in Biology. Do genetically modified Foods Need Stricter Controls? 27. List two viewpoints for tighter control ofgm foods and list two viewpoints for GM foods not needing tighter control. Tighter Control of GM Foods Not Tighter Control ofgm Foods Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering Reading Guide 11.docx 01/18/13 6