Name: Bio 120 Spring 2012 Exam IV, Worth 150 points, each question is worth 2 pts unless otherwise noted

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1 Name: Bio 120 Spring 2012 Exam IV, Worth 150 points, each question is worth 2 pts unless otherwise noted Multiple Choice, use a scantron 1. Polyploidy is: A. the presence of more than two of a certain chromosome. B. the presence of more than one of a certain chromosome. C. the presence of multiple sets of chromosomes. 2. In human the 9 th chromosome codes for the production glycoproteins on blood cells. If the person has type AB blood, they are heterozygous, having one allele that codes for A type proteins and the other allele codes for B type proteins, the person will produce both A and B proteins on the blood cells. This is an example of: A. Incomplete dominance B. Codominance C. Epistasis D. Polygenes 3. In Labrador retrievers, there are two alleles for coat color (black and brown) and a different gene at another location with an allele for depositing the color. What is the term for the this type of genetic interaction? A. Incomplete dominance B. Codominance C. Epistasis D. Polygenes 4. Down syndrome is an example of a condition. A. monosomic B. disomic C. aneuploidy D. polyploidy E. transgenic 1

2 5. Persons having an XO karyotype have underdeveloped internal and external genitalia and are sterile. They have syndrome. A. Turner B. Klinefelter C. Down D. Phenylketonuria 6. Cri du chat syndrome arises from: A. trisomy for chromosome 5. B. deletion of part of chromosome 5. C. a reciprocal translocation. D. nondisjunction. E. a duplication of part of chromosome The autosomal recessive disease that results in a defective chloride ion channel is: A. Cystic Fibrosis B. Tay sachs C. Huntington D. Phenylketonuria 8. Hemophelia is caused by a: A. Recessive X-linked disorder B. Abnormal number of chromosomes C. Recessive autosomal disorder D. Dominant autosomal disorder 9. In pre-implantation genetic screening, who is tested for a genetic disorder: A. The embryo B. The parents C. The fetus D. The newborn baby 10. Alternate forms of the same gene are called A. chromatids B. alleles C. loci D. autosomes 2

3 11. Females have the genotype XX and males have the genotype XY, this means that if both X chromosomes are actively coding for proteins then females will produce twice as much protein as males, explain how humans compensate for this? A. the males X chromosome are super chromosomes, being over active. B. the females shut down one X chromosome in each cell C. the X chromosome only codes for proteins needed by females, so it doesn t matter D. the genes on the X chromosomes in females are under expressed 12. During protein synthesis, the trna carrying the first amino acid, methionine (Met), binds to which site on the ribosome? A) A site B) P site C) E site D) M site 13. During protein synthesis, the trna carrying the rest of the amino acids (all the amino acids after the first methionine) to the ribosome bind to which site on the ribosome? A) A site B) P site C) E site D) M site 14. Energy is needed in which protein synthesis steps: A) The building of the peptide bond; translocation; the binding of the trna to the A site B) Translocation; the binding of the trna to the A site C) The building of the peptide bond; the binding of the trna to the A site D) The building of the peptide bond; translocation E) Only the building of the peptide bond 15. The energy source required for protein synthesis at the ribosome is: A) ATP B) GTP C) CTP D) TTP 3

4 16. Coding regions of mrna are called: A) introns B) exons C) expressons D) transposons 17. Transcription or Translation is when the information from mrna is used to make a polypeptide chain A) transcription B) translation 18. Mutations that change an amino acid codon into a stop codon are called: A) Missense B) Nonsense C) Frameshift D) Transposons E) Silent 19. The catalytic portion of the ribosome is this component: A) rrna B) protein C) Carbohydrate D) Lipid 20. The three RNA nucleotide bases that are found on the transfer RNA molecule which pairs with the mrna are called the: A) rrna B) Codon C) Anticodon D) Gene 21. In gene regulation, the condition where the repressor is in place most of the time, keeping the gene turned off is called: A. Repressible B. Inducible 4

5 22. Even when lactose is present, the transcription of the lac operon does not proceed at a high rate. It needs an activator protein, catabolite activator protein (CAP). This protein needs to bind what molecule in order to be active? A. camp B. ATP C. GTP D. Ca In the lac operon, RNA polymerase binds to this region: A. repressor gene B. operator region C. promoter region 24. Is the try operon (containing the genes for Tryptophan metabolism) a repressible or an inducible system? A. repressible B. inducible 25. The genes that codes for the brake proteins that inhibit the cell cycle going forward are: A. Proto oncogenes B. Tumor suppressor genes 26. In drosophila flies the larva undergoes several molts and grow until it becomes a with a hardened cuticle: A. zygote B. embryo C. pupa D. adult fly 27. Viruses that are released from their host cell by rupturing the host cell are using: A. Lytic cycle B. Lysogenic cycle 5

6 28. The protein coat of a virus is called the: A. capsule. B. capsid. C. exospore. D. phage. E. pilus. 29. Viruses that attack bacteria are called: A. bacteriophages. B. bacteriods C. prions. D. virons. E. viroids. 30. Mad cow disease is an example of an infection caused by a: A. bacterium. B. bacteriophage. C. retrovirus. D. viroid. E. prion. 31. The natural host of the Ebola virus is: A. Swine (pigs) B. Deer mice C. Birds D. The natural host is unknown 32. These organisms are able to fix CO 2 and they obtain their energy from inorganic compounds. A. Photoheterotrophs B. Chemoheterotrophs C. Photoautotrophs D. Chemoautotrophs 6

7 33. Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on: A. the nuclear membranes. B. the endoplasmic reticulum. C. the plasma membrane. D. ribosomes. E. the cell wall. 34. True of false: Bacterial cells contain ribosomes. A. True B. False 35. Small circles of DNA called exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome. A. capsids B. plasmids C. chromatids D. pili E. centromeres 36. Hair-like structures made of protein on the surface of some bacteria that helps the bacteria to adhere to surfaces are called: A. capsids B. plasmids C. chromatids D. pili E. centromeres 37. These cells can become antigen-presenting cells (APCs): A. mast cells B. lymphocytes C. Macrophages D. Neutrophils E. Eosinophils 7

8 38. Which cells release histamines: A. mast cells B. lymphocytes C. Macrophages D. Neutrophils E. Eosinophils 39. T cells are produced in the: A. Thymus B. Thyroid C. Spleen D. Bone marrow E. Liver Fill in and short answer: 40. (4 pts) A group of young scientists are breeding fruit flies and are looking at the genetics of two traits in the flies, the color of the fly and the size of the wings. Grey bodies are dominant over black and normal wings are dominant over vestigial wings. They bred black flies with vestigial wings with flies that are heterozygous for color and wings. In the F1 generation, they counted: 965 grey flies with normal wings 944 black flies with vestigial wings 206 grey flies with vestigial wings 185 black flies with normal wings Help out these researchers, explain to them about their experiment and the results of their experiment. 8

9 41. I have a plant that is producing purple flowers. This variety of plant can produce either purple or white flowers and the purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. These plants can t self fertilize. Since the flowers are purple I don t know the genotype of this plant, it could be homozygous dominant or heterozygous. In order to find out the genotype, I will perform a test cross, describe the test cross breeding experiment. 42. (4 pts) What molecules are modified in post-transcriptional modifications and name three posttranscriptional modifications. 43. (4 pts) How are the ribosomes brought over to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), include in your answer what tells the cell that the polypeptide chain needs to be brought to the RER and what are the molecules that bring the ribosomes to the RER. 9

10 44. In e. coli, what is the molecule that binds to the repressor protein in the tryptophan operon? 45. In e. coli, what molecule binds to the repressor protein of the lac operon? 46. In eukaryotic cells, there is a region of the DNA located in the upstream portion of the promoter region where transcription factors bind to, this region is called: 47. (4 pts) Name two examples of structural motifs commonly found in transcriptional factors which form their active sites. 48. (5 pts) There are three genes in the lac operon: lac Z, lac Y, and lac A genes. What proteins do these genes code for. And what is the function of the proteins (if known). 49. The process that changes a cell into a mature, specialized cell is called: 10

11 50. (5 points) What are maternal effect genes, include in your discussion, examples of maternal effect genes, what the origin of the genes are, at what point in development do these genes effect the organism, what effect do they have on the organism. 51. (4 pts) You are looking at drosophilia flies that have been exposed to radiation and you observe many interesting mutations in the body plans of these flies. What type of genes do you think are involved in this mutation? Why are vertebrates less at risk to these types of mutation. 52. The type of viruses that have RNA which gets changed to double stranded DNA are called: 53. What are two examples of viruses that cause cancer? 11

12 54. (6 pts) What are three enzymes that HIV has, and what are the functions? 55. What is the glycoprotein on the HIV that binds with the CD4 receptor on the T cell? 56. The first evidence of life is mats of cyanobacterial cells that trap mineral deposits, these mats are called: 57. Bacteria that can survive with or without O 2 are called: 58. (3 pts) Name three differences (other than where they live) between the domains archaea and bacteria (eubacteria). 12

13 59. (4 pts) Describe the structure of gram negative prokaryotic cell walls, including what are the cell walls made, how many layers, and how thick the layers are. 60. Any object or substance that is perceived as foreign and therefore elicits an immune response is called: 61. The nonspecific defenses of our immune system that attack any antigen is called: 62. (3 pts) What are three examples of barrier defenses? 63. What are two effects histamines have on blood vessels? 64. What are two ways antibodies fight disease or foreign invaders? 13

14 Bonus Questions: 1. Name an example of a tumor suppressor gene 2. Genes that code for proteins that are always needed, therefore they are always being transcribed are called: 3. What is the role of ubiquitin in the cell? 4. What is one example of a type of segmentation genes. 5. Flagella in bacteria cells are made of what protein? 14