Tools Development and Outcomes. Dave Skole Michigan State University

Transcription

1 Tools Development and Outcomes Dave Skole Michigan State University

2 Background Carbon2Markets Carbon Climate Livelihoods Focus of our work is on a range of issues in Carbon Measurement Forests, woodlands, agriculture, trees outside of forests Strong connection to livelihoods Strong connection to community-based carbon measurement and carbon valorization

3 Overview: Approach Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) Focus on quantitative assessment of carbon emissions and removals A system that provides measurements according to an accepted standard or practice, ability to report to a specific program, and allows for 3 rd party audit Most often in the context of a regulatory scheme, whether compulsorily or voluntary The conventions, emissions markets, compliance program

4 Overview: Approach Monitoring and evaluation ( M&E) Focus on project or program assessment within a context of program goals and objectives, or results framework A system or tool that allows program managers to assess progress against standards, may be quantitative or qualitative A wide range of users, from GEF to UNEP to FIP and other entities: NGOS (e.g. WWF), governments, private sector

5 Overview: Approach An ultimate target group consists of all those who require a cost-effective way of tracking changes in total system carbon and greenhouse gases although this is well outside the current remit of the CBP. This could include those who seek to verify the sequestration of the carbon, in, for example, Payments for Environmental Services schemes. However, the needs of such users will not be directly addressed at this Workshop, since the CBP is targeted at the needs of the GEF

6 NOTES USER TYPES MRV MRE ALSO GOVERNMENTS INVENTORIES ALSO NGOS AND OTHER ORGS

7 Overview: Approach This statement amplified the distinction between MRV and M&E Carbon is rarely considered in the context of program performance and outcomes MRV and M&E commonalities The GEF needed measurements for M&E Not completely dis-similar when it comes to carbon Our aim was to develop a flexible system that accomplished the M&E needs and provided a framework for MRV as well.

8 Overview: Measurements What do we mean by measurements Data and information collected for a specific project that provide quantitative metrics and indicators for project assessment of an planned outcome Frequently: need a Results Framework, sometimes developed through a Logic Model In the context of M&E it is difficult to imagine have an approach that is not quantitative and uses measurements Although one could imagine using proxies for measurements, such as practices This implies a difference between practice-based vs performance-based assessments we have tried to build the latter, but they sometimes need to be merged.

9 Overview: Measurements Tiers 1, 2, and 3 A lot of existing efforts on the Tier 1 level (e.g.ex- ACT, TARAM) A lot of existing efforts on the Tier 2 level (e.g. ALU tool, Simple Assessment) Our focus has been on tools for Tier 3 development across a range of landscapes Forests (closed to savanna), agriculture, and trees outside of forests.

10 Registry Secure login with link to database for access management Single entry point for a registry of projects by managers Content Manager Enterprise-wide storage of documents many types Work flow management, version management, etc Knowledge Manager Enterprise wide accessibility to project information Correspondence and communication, sourcebooks Map Manager Upload, create, edit GIS files: Project Boundary, strata, plots Create sample plot design, field crews tasking, coordinate management Inventory Manage field inventory data at project or NFI level, Use allometric equations Species data Carbon Calculator Computes Tier 3 carbon in plot, strata and project Carbon stock changes in plot Emissions Calculator Computes Tier3 emissions and removals from range of ALU, LULUCF scenarios Includes T1 and T2 defaults for simple estimates

11 General Structure On-Line Tools for MRE Remote Sensing Add-Ons Protocol Tools for MRE Outreach and Engagement

12 How we got here Original focus was on landscape-wide carbon assessment MSU aboveground biomass ICRAF soil Starting focus on remote sensing methods, with strong MRV relevance Began moving to a more integrated approach linking project support tools, ground inventory tools, Tier-3 based emissions scenario tools, and remote sensing add-ons

13 Documents to provide guidance for field measurements, laboratory analysis, and remote sensing MRV System - web based geographic information system to upload, store, analyze, monitor, report, and verify data

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15 Above Ground Biomass in Natural Forests (MSU data only t C/ha) Western: Kakamega Mau tc/ha n= tc/ha n=3 Tier 1 AGB tc/ha Wet 146 Moist 122 Montane 89 Dry 56 Shrub 33 Source: Table 4.7 in Vol 4, 2006 IPCC Guidelines GIS Data World Resources Institute MODIS Percent Tree Cover tc/ha n= tc/ha n=6 Eastern: Arabuko-Sokoke Tsavo

16 WHRC Carbon Map: Vast areas of Kenya =0.0 t/ha AGB (Baccini et al A first map of tropical Africa s above-ground biomass derived from satellite imagery.)

17 Agriculture in Western N=9 (1 ha) 33.4 t/ha AGB

18 Rukinga Ranch = 15.8 t/ha AGB = 7.9 tc/ha (112,174 tc in AGB in 30,168 hectares)

19 Agriculture and Kakamega Forest Quickbird satellite image 14 March km 2 coverage in Yala Watershed 0.6 m PAN resolution 2.4 m MSS resolution 136 sample plots: Agriculture - trees on farms - fencerows Forests - natural forests - early succession stands - broadleaf plantations - conifer plantations - agroforestry demo sites Open Grown Trees

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24 25 January 2011 Worldview 2 Satellite Image (water tank is 10 m diameter)

25 CBP Forest Carbon Module Result Core Indicators Landscape indicators of carbon benefits Module 1 Ex Ante Calculator Estimate of future sequestration tco 2 e to be sequestered Module 2 Trees Outside Forests Module 3 Afforestation / Reforestation Module 4 Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Estimate of future reduced emissions Increased tree cover on nonforest land remaining as nonforest land Enhanced carbon stocks on nonforest land Cost effectiveness Afforestation of non-forest land Enhanced carbon stocks on land not previously forest Reforestation of degraded forest land Enhanced carbon stocks on degraded forest land Cost effectiveness Reduced deforestation Reduced degradation Reduced emissions from degradation and deforestation Enhanced forest carbon stocks tco 2 e emissions to be reduced Changes in hectares with increasing canopy cover but still below forest threshold tco 2 e sequestered tco 2 e sequestered / $ invested Changes in hectares of nonforest land become forest land tco 2 e sequestered Changes in hectares of degraded forest land becoming fully stocked forest land tco 2 e sequestered tco 2 e sequestered / $ invested Changes in hectares of loss of natural forest cover Changes in hectares of forest degradation tco 2 e emissions reduced tco 2 e sequestered Module 5 Landscape Indicators of Carbon Benefits Cost effectiveness Evaluation of land cover change Evaluation of trees outside forests Evaluation of carbon stock change Evaluation of forest fire occurrences Evaluation of land cover change near high slopes or rivers Evaluation of Climate, Community, Biodiversity Alliance standards tco 2 e avoided / $ invested Land cover index Tree crown area index Carbon stock index Fire risk index Watershed index Social, economic and biodiversity index

26 Emissions Calculations Agricultural Biomass Inventory Data Forest Change Indicators

27 Version 1.1 available online at

28 Outcomes and Next Up A first order simple and robust too Challenges faced by working on the bleeding edge Difficulties in Indicators, needs more thought Need significant emphasis on implementation, but dynamic implementation Great potential for lowing costs lowering learning curves and executing curves