Nadine Laporte Woods Hole Research Center

Transcription

1 Mapping Tropical Aboveground Biomass with MODIS & LiDAR sensors: Application to REDD Nadine Laporte Woods Hole Research Center A. Baccini, W. Walker, S. Goetz, M. Sun, J. Kellndorfer Atelier International sur la foresterie communautaire, Quebec, October 2011

2 Why measuring terrestrial carbon stocks? Emissions from fossil fuels (~75% annual CO2 emissions) Emissions from LULCC (~25% annual CO2 emissions) REDD is a mechanism to help reduce CO 2 emissions from LULCC and to preserve the existing forest carbon stock

3 CO2 Emissons from Land use change and Industry

4 Sources of emissons in the tropics Deforestation for Agriculture, pasture ( food production) Pasture Energy Consumption Agriculture Satellite image monitoring Degradation (Logging, fuel wood) Logging Deforestation Logging Logging Degradation From few meters to 1km resolution

5 Deforestation & Degradation +CO2 +CO2

6 How do we map carbon? What is unique? Satellite information Forest inventories collected at selected GLAS location with collaborators MODIS ( 500, 1000 m) SPOT, Landsat Lidar Information from GLAS ICESAT satellite

7 Field observations network & calibration ~300 locations > trees measured Columbia Ecuador Bolivia Brazil Gabon DRC Uganda Tanzania Zambia Vietnam Cambodia Indonesia

8 Variables collected: Tree DBH (> 5 cm) Vegetation type Topography Soil Characterization Canopy cover Tallest tree height Understory type Field plot database Chave 2005 Allometry From tree measurement to biomass/ carbon estimates

9 Where do we measure trees? For GLAS location Budongo Budongo Forest Reserve Color Composite SPOT 5 (2.5 m)

10 Co-located Field Measurements/Lidar Shots Biomass = 252 (t/ha) Biomass = 205 (t/ha) Biomass = 78 (t/ha) a Biomass = 30 (t/ha)

11 Field Campaign with Local team (110 plots)

12 Workshops in Africa, SE Asia and south America 12

13 WHRC Capacity-building Workshops Viet Nam 2009 Uganda 2008 DRC 2010 Bolivia 2009

14 Building Capacity in Forest Measurement and Monitoring I. Pan-tropical Forest Scholars Program: 15 scholars/11 countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Mexico, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Malawi, Uganda, Viet Nam, Indonesia and Lao PDR. II. Technical workshops in Forest Measurement /Mapping: Latin America (Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia) Indigenous representatives from COICA / CONFENIAE / OPIAC / CIDOB 80 participants/3 countries Africa (Uganda Rwnada & DRC) Government and NGO technicians 70 participants/ 10 countries S.E. Asia (Vietnam) Government and NGO technicians 30 participants/7 countries TOTAL: 180 participants/20 countries

15 Available Carbon maps- WHRC website The tree model explained 82% of the variance in aboveground biomass density, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 25 tc/ha (Baccini et al, 2008 ERL)

16 Improved Direct Estimation compared to Classify & Multiply approach using Land Cover AG Biomass AG Biomass Lidar Height Metric Lidar Height Metric Source: Goetz et al. (2009) Carbon Balance and Management

17 Pan-tropical Map of Forest Carbon (2007) Fusion of MODIS, GLAS LiDAR and Field Data Amazon Basin Dem. Rep. of Congo Baccini et al., 2009, Pan-Tropical Forest Carbon Mapped with Satellite and Field Observations, WHRC, COP15,

18 Tanzania 2007 New 500 m resolution MODIS GLAS

19 Rwanda 2007 Kigali, June 20, 2011

20 Kenya 2007 New 500 m resolution MODIS GLAS derived map

21 Kenya Biomass map 2007 map In Collaboration with Kenya FS & the GreenBelt Movement

22 SPOT5 derived Biomass Uganda-Budongo Input data : SPOT imagery and forest inventories r:0.9 RMSE: 25 MgC/ha

23 Biomass DRC= 17 Billion t C Deforestation (tc/ha) (ha) Bali Report, 2007 Annual emissions 226 million t of CO2 = 60 millions de t C Historical CO 2 Emissions 1990/2000

24 L information sur le deboisement n ai pas suffisant Biomasse Defor. CO2 Besoin d estimer aussi la biomasse Pour le calcul des emissions DRC: C02 Emissions brutes

25 Few recommendations on Forest Measurement and Monitoring for REDD Maps of carbon / Aboveground biomass available: Pan-tropics, 500 m resolution Africa 1km 2007 from MODIS/GLAS/forest inventories 2007 from MODIS & forest inventories Total Carbon 229 Pg C S America 118 Pg C (8.4) Aafrica 65 Pg C(8.4) Asia 47Pg C(3.0) (Baccini et al, Nature Geosicence, submitted) model explained 82% of the variance in above-ground biomass density, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 25 tc/ha (Baccini et al, 2008 ERL)

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27 Few recommendations on C monitoring systems Data sets ( RS/ field surveys) Check the availability imagery for the entire country (wall to wall is recomended) Check availability of historical imagery ( ) to compute your emission baseline Plan to collect field data sets for your land cover /deforestation/ biomass mapping work Methods to derive CO2 estimates Many methods are available some are spatially explicit other not, we recommend spatial model like: Dinamica model allow you to derive future emission based on historical baseline of deforestation

28 Institutional capacity? Which monitoring system is the best for your country? Do you have the institutional capacity go step by step Identify partners to assist you with training (Universities, NGOS, etc) Estimate the cost of the monitoring system - Discuss with countries with operational systems Brazil, India etc. Collaborate with other countries to insure to get the data sets you need at the lowest price and coordinate regional training etc.. to lower your costs Make sure the system you will implement will also help with other on going national or regional programs (forest management, Ag policies ), or mechanism like CDM Evaluate new technological tools for forest inventories that can be used by forest communities Think about long term and participatory Remember that you need to relate the emissions or reduction of emissions to the source or the actors of deforestation so you need to develop a systems in collaboartion with economists/ rural development specialists or you might be developing systems that will not provide the information you need to compensate the actors and verify compliance for the carbon markets or funds carbon registry etc.

29 Woods Hole Research Center Pan-Tropical Forest Mapping Project Carbon mapping: Nadine Laporte, Alesandro Baccini, Scott Goetz, Wayne Walker, Skee Houghton, Pieter Beck, Gillian Galdford Forest mapping: Josef Kellndorfer, Wayne Walker, Oliver Cartus, Tina Cormier, Jesse Bishop, Greg Fiske Capacity Building: Nadine Laporte, Alesandro Baccini, Scott Goetz, Walker, Skee Houghton, Glenn Bush, Greg Fiske, Chloe Starr IT team: Denise Kergo & Stanley Hammond Many collaborators: Ned Horning (AMNH), Paola Mekui (Gabon Forest Service), Britaldo Soares ( University Bel Horizonte -Brazil) etc.

30 Acknowledgements Forestry Dept, NGOs and forest communities for their assistance with field work and the workshops NASA and the Moore, Google & Packard foundations for support Planet Action for providing SPOT imagery

31 Merci! Nadine Laporte WHRC Kigali, June 20, 2011