User Contact. Greenhouse Gas Reporting (GHG) for Kyoto

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1 F+S_Service case_neu.qxd :51 Uhr Seite 1 SWITZERLAND Client Profile The Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and specifically the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications has the following responsibilities: Act as the focal point for the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. Responsible for the National System (Art. 5 Kyoto Protocol) for the establishment of a GHG inventory for the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, and in particular, reporting on LULUCF activities. Example: Jura Land Use Map 2002 Dr. José Romero Section Conventions International Affairs Division Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications Jose.Romero@bafu.admin.ch CH-3003 Berne Switzerland Tel: Fax: The main source of data on forests is currently the Swiss National Forests Inventory (NFI). The third NFI is currently underway ( ) under the FOEN responsibility in co-operation with the Swiss Federal Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL). However, this inventory will not fulfil all requirements of the Kyoto Protocol about the carbon sink aspects as well as monitoring and reporting needs of specific LULUCF activities. Therefore, an enhanced service was deemed essential. To provide an exact annual accounting of the forested areas and changes within these areas e.g. clear cut or forests destroyed by natural hazards including the identification land use classes and especially those contributing to new forested areas, for example, through afforestation or regeneration. Within forested areas to provide clear differentiation of forest types: coniferous from deciduous etc. To account for changes of vegetation cover outside of forested areas e.g. bushes, isolated groups of trees etc. 90% thematic accuracy for Land Use assessment This nationwide service will be provided regularly during the commitment period. The Service already provided the wall-towall coverage for the baseline year (1990) and two further years, 1997 and The choice of years helped to validate the approach and test the appropriateness of the Land Use Change detection. For these years, the Service was based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat TM/ETM imagery with at least two images to cover each year whilst currently the usage of SPOT 5 data is considered for the first commitment period. Apart from the EO imagery, the following essential data was provided by the Swiss Topography Agency (SWISSTOPO): DHM25 digital elevation model. VECTOR 25 (1:25'000) - thematic GIS data layers including roads, railways, hydrography, primary land classes e.g. forests, hedges and buildings etc. Pixel maps (1:25'000) - digital topographic maps of Switzerland. In addition, the SWISSTOPO orthophotos (scale 1:10'000) were applied as inputs to acquire ground truth samples for validation. This service case delivered the following outputs: Land Use Maps for 1990, 1997, 2002 Forest Maps for 1990, 1997, 2002 Land Use Change Maps and Statistics for , , Comparisons and evaluations of the above with respect to user and reporting requirements. Same products have been produced for 2005 on a restricted area and using SPOT 5 images. Highlighted speed of delivery and cost effectiveness compared to traditional methods. Provided a higher frequency of information updates allowing true monitoring. Spatially explicit information, in particular, about land use changes. Transparent, consistent, complete and comparable results. Delivered an essential retrospective analysis to 1990 the Kyoto baseline.

2 I+G_Service case_neu.qxd :50 Uhr Seite 1 GERMANY Bernd Winkler Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz Postfach Bonn Germany Client Profile Tel: The Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Fax: Protection (Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz -BMELV) is responsible for consumer protection, food, agriculture and forests in Germany. Example: Forest Area Map 1990 Bernd.Winkler@bmelv.bund.de This service case was coordinated with the unit overseeing Sustainable Forest Management and International Forest Conservation responsible for national reporting on forests under UNFCCC and KP. Clients Needs The user required comparable statistics for forest area, forest area changes and for the volume of biomass, carbon stocks and respective changes. A thematic mapping accuracy of 95% (+/- 5%) was required for the forest area. Changes of actual forest cover versus the base year 1990 have been specified with a minimum mapping unit of 0.5 ha. The information is needed for forest reporting under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN-FCCC) and Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol (KP). The forest area and carbon related statistics were derived from the combined GSE FM approach of EO based mapping and in-situ data from the NFI. An actual forest area map based on EO data. A forest area map for 1990 and a forest change map including land use class mapping of the change areas Estimates for areas, volume, biomass and carbon stock and their changes in the common reporting formats (CRF) for National Inventory Reports under UNFCCC and for reporting on ARD (Art.3.3) and activities under Art.3.4 (Forest Management) Documentation of the methodology including sensitivity analysis and error budget Approach readily facilitates reporting obligations Improves reliability of statistics Close integration with terrestrial inventories and other forest statistics used in Germany Provided insights into how to best address future reporting requirements and commitments under the UNFCCC and KP. Multi-spectral satellite data coverage of south-western german service area 2004

3 I+G_Service case_neu.qxd :51 Uhr Seite 2 ITALY Client Name and Profile The Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry policies are both involved in activities related to reporting for the Kyoto Protocol. The Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and in particular its Department for Environmental Research and Development, is the national focal point for the UNFCCC as well as for other global, international and regional conventions. The Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry policies, which is in charge of the new National Forest and Carbon Pools Inventory, also provides the required information for reporting and compliance. Example Landuse Map 1990, Regions Abruzzo and Molise Antonio Lumicisi Department for Environmental Research and Development Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea Via Cristoforo Colombo, Rome - Italy lumicisi.antonio@minambiente.it Tel: Fax: Under Italian law, the two Ministries are elaborating a detailed plan to the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Economic Programming (CIPE) for the measures to be applied to meet the Kyoto Protocol commitments. This includes the National Registry of Agro-Forestry Carbon Sinks to certify credits and carbon stocks resulting from ARD and forest management activities during the commitment period. Land Use Maps from 1990, with minimum map unit of 0.5 ha, 95% thematic accuracy Periodic updating of Land Use Maps (1997, 2002, 2007, 2012) Periodic Land Use change maps ( , ) 1990 Land Use Map, specifically for forest class assessment This is intended as a nationwide service every five years in particular, for the forthcoming commitment period. The Service is currently applied in 12 regions of Italy for a total of sq. kms. The outputs cover the baseline year (1990) and for five regions two further years, 1997 and This time range was selected to validate the methodology using field surveys or photo-interpretation to assess the overall accuracy. The Service is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat TM/ETM and at least two images are used to cover each year. The wall-to wall coverage for 1990 will be completed in spring The use of SPOT data is also under evaluation. In addition to the EO data, the following complimentary data was used: DHM 25 (1:25'000) - Digital Elevation Model Corine Land Cover, 2000 (1:100'000) Updated Corine Land Cover, 1990 (1:100'000) Additionally, orthophotos (scale 1:10'000 in color) are used for geo-referencing and to acquire ground-truth data suitable for validation. Land Use Maps 1990, 1997, 2002 Land Use Change Maps , , Summary statistics for the above. The application of the Service within the Italian context showed: Proven cost effectiveness compared to traditional methods. Supplies higher frequency of updates allowing a true monitoring regime. The service will be delivered at the beginning and at the end of the commitment period. Supplies highly visual and spatially referenced data concerning key land use changes and patterns essential to planning and analysis. Transparent, consistent, complete and comparable results. A most valuable retrospective analysis back to 1990.

4 G+N_Service case.qxd :15 Uhr Seite 1 NETHERLANDS Client Profile The Dutch Service Case has two clients namely, the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries (LNV) and the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM). VROM is responsible for reporting of Dutch greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the UNFCCC. The LNV is mandated with the development of the Dutch national inventory and reporting system of LULUCF (land use change) related activities for the verification of the Kyoto Protocol (KP). Multi-temporal EO data analysis (1984 and 2002, summer and winter) Ir. B. Clabbers Ministerie LNV Directie Groene Ruimte en Recreatie Bezuidenhoutseweg AC Den Haag The Netherlands tel: fax: For this service case, the clients required: Insights into the situation of forested areas in 1990 (the Kyoto-baseline year) Insights into the development of forested areas since % thematic accuracy for LULUCF products This nation wide service is planned for implementation every five years during the KP commitment period. Currently, the Service provides coverage for all of the Netherlands including the 1990 baseline year and two further years: 1997 and The choice of the most recent years is designed to fine tune and validate the methodology where field surveys and/or photo-interpretation can help assess the accuracy of the service outputs. The Service is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat TM/ETM imagery. At least two images are used to cover each year. The application of SPOT data is also under evaluation. For in-situ data, the 4th Forest Statistics for the Netherlands (1985/1985) were used. The service delivered: Dutch Forest Maps for 1989, 1997 and 2002 Dutch Land Use Maps for 1989, 1997 and 2002 Dutch Land Use Change Maps for 1989, 1997 and 2002 An accurate assessment of the results within the context of client requirements and the Dutch policy goals of fully complying with the UNFCCC and KP by meeting reporting obligations Example: Forst Type Map and Land Use Map from 1984 Accurate insights were delivered for the actual situation of forested/non-forested areas in 1990 and the test years. The methodology proved to be accurate, comparable and replicable with respect to the regular monitoring of forest changes in the years since 1990 and into the future. During the integration of EO (Earth Observation) and in-situ ground data regarding forests, deficiencies in the latter were exposed, which warrant attention and improvements. The service revealed potential time and cost savings allowing the Netherlands to meet its KP monitoring and reporting obligations in a timely and cost efficient manner.

5 G+N_Service case.qxd :15 Uhr Seite 2 GREECE Client Name and Brief Profile The National Observatory of Athens (NOA) is a national research centre supervised by the Directorate of the General Secretariat for Research and Technology of the Ministry of Development. Greece ratified the UNFCCC in 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol in The Ministry of Planning and Public Works (MEPPW) is the main governmental body concerned with the implementation of environmental policy in Greece. The MEPPPW has assigned NOA-IERSD as the reporting institute in the context of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. This includes compiling annual inventories for the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and developing methodological tools to better plan energy and environmental policies against climatic change. To efficiently accomplish its obligations, NOA IESRD specified its needs for the following information: Maps and statistical data on areas for the reference year (1990) and current year(s) Ortho images and mosaics Forest area maps (forest, non-forest) and relevant statistical data Land cover/use maps (deciduous forests, coniferous forests, mixed forests etc) Frequency: 3-5 years, Minimum mapping unit: 0,5ha, Thematic accuracy: better than 90% Change Maps and statistical data on areas of changes Change and land cover/use maps Frequency: 3-5 years, Minimum mapping unit: 0,5ha, Thematic accuracy: better than 85% The service delivered the required information, during for an area of sq. kms. with important forests covering North Eastern Greece. The year 2002 was specified as the current year for the implementation exercise. To overcome the lack of ground data for both the reference year and 2002, it was necessary to verify results with a sampling design. For the 1990 reference year, vegetation type maps, which were compiled during the First Forest Inventory conducted in Greece in the 1970s, were supplied by the user and complimented with ground data collection for The processing chain involved ortho correction of the satellite data, automatic classification and enhancement through computer assisted interpretation. Example: Land Cover Map 2002 Landsat Image Mosaic 1990 Third party validation was applied as well as user training, evaluation of the service from the user and integration of enhancements. Prof. Dimitris Lalas NOA - National Observatory of Athens (NOA - IERSD) Lofos Nymfon Thission P.O. Box GR Athens - Greece tel: fax: lalas@meteo.noa.gr The service products were delivered on schedule and compliant to user specifications: Maps and statistical data on areas for the reference year (1990) and current year Ortho images and mosaics Forest area maps (forest, non-forest) and relevant statistical data on areas Land cover/use maps Change Maps and statistical data on areas of changes Change cover/use maps (no-change, all combinations of change categories) Test Product Forest type maps and statistical data on areas (2004 area delivery km 2 ) Forest area maps (Fir types, oaks, etc. non-forest) Activities Report Containing analysis of the approach adopted, results obtained, limitations and the solutions delivered. The estimates of GHGs for Greece before the implementation of this service provided only a rough indication of the level of possible emissions/removals. The service delivered acquisition of reliable, objective, consistent, homogenous (time and content) data with assessed accuracies for the whole country and was achieved in a time and cost that would have been impossible with existing methods.

6 F+S_Service case_neu.qxd :51 Uhr Seite 2 FRENCH GUIANA Etienne Mathias, CITEPA 7 Cité Paradis Paris France Tel : Fax : Client Name and Brief Profile etienne.mathias@citepa.org The Ministère de l Agriculture et de la Pêche (MAP) is the French Ministry responsible for delivering information required by the Kyoto Protocol. Presently, forest information from the overseas province of Guiana is very limited from the reference year of 1990 to present, even if forest resources are massive in this area. Forest change map between 1992/1993 and 2003/2004, using ERS-1 and ENVISAT ASAR Clients Needs The Ministry required the following: Forest area maps and statistical data from the early 1990 s. Forest clearing in French Guiana Maps and statistical information on forest areas and other forest characteristics from the present and at regular intervals in the future. Maps and statistical information on forest area changes. Customised forest maps were made for the whole territory of French Guiana dating from the early 1990 s to the present. Because of dense cloud coverage, image mosaics were compiled using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from the Envisat ASAR mosaic of entire French Guiana ERS and Envisat satellites of the European Space Agency (ESA). Radar mosaics were processed with an unique analysis procedure, making the separation between forested and non-forested areas easier. An automatic detection method was then applied to mosaics to identify areas where changes Forest maps in a raster image format from 1992/1993 and 2003/2004. have occurred between the acquisition dates (1992/1993 Forest change maps. and 2003/2004). Statistical data on forest cover and changes. Emergence of a new approach to monitor forests in this The classification was supported with reference data that difficult but important forest location. experts acquainted with the region, derived from the Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT optical imagery. This included samples from two optical imagery data sets to estimate forest New information on the forest resources and dynamics in area and confidence intervals in 1990 and The forest French Guiana is now available as a starting point for mapping service provides strong support to the reporting future monitoring. requirements of the Kyoto Protocol. This fills a major gap since no forest inventory data for French Guiana existed earlier. Mangroves in French Guiana Additional benefits will be derived from the outputs including data about the dynamics of the fragile mangrove vegetation along the coastline. More accurate and credible solutions to the difficult problems of forest monitoring in heavily clouded and/or inaccessible areas.