Emissions from Land Use and Land Use Change from the Oil Palm Industry in Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea

Transcription

1 //0 Historical CO Emissions from Land Use and Land Use Change from the Industry in Indonesia, and New Guinea Fahmuddin Agus, Petrus Gunarso, Bambang Heru Sahardjo, K.T. Joseph, Abdul Rashid, Khali Hamzah, Nancy Harris, Meine van Noordwijk 7 Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia Tropenbos International, Indonesia Programme, Bogor, Indonesia Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Winrock International, Arlington, Virginia, USA 7 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya This study was commissioned and reviewed by the Second Greenhouse Gas Working Group of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Co-Chairs: Timothy J. Killeen and Jeremy Goon Peninsular Malaya Green: OP plantations on mineral soils Red: OP plantations on peat soils

2 n et c h ange //0 Hactares (millions) Cumulative Expansion Hecatres (millions) CumultiveExpansion of on Peat New Guinea Hactares (millions) Peninsular Rates of Expansion Categories of Plantations Peat ha yr (X00) Hectatre (milliosn) 8 Indonesia Peat Mineral 0 Indonesia Mineral The spatial extent and rate of growth of oil palm in, Indonesia (, and ) and New Guinea. Summary of land use change Land Use Prior to 00 0, & Indonesia Land Use Following Deforestation 00 0 Net Land Use Change 00 0 Left column: land use prior to new oil palm plantations; value in the LR corner is annual increase in oil palm plantations.,700 ha yr 708,79 ha yr Hectares (Million) Middle column: land use following forest conversion, (both upland and swamp forests); value in LL corner is annual rate of deforestation 8,00 ha yr Upland Forest Agroforestry & Plantations Upland Forest (UDF+DF) (USF+DSF) Agroforestry & Plantations (MTC+RPL+CPL+TPL) (BRL) (SET+MIN+NCL) ,00 ha yr Hectares (Million) Shrub & Grasslands Shrub & Grasslands (SCH+GRS) Swamp (SSH+SG) Open (OPL) Swamp Agriculture (DCL +RCF) Agriculture Mangroves Right column: net land use change over each five year period;

3 net change //0 Summary of land use change Land Use Prior to 00 0 (Consolidated) Land use Following Deforestation Net Land Use Change 00 0 Left column: land use prior to new oil palm plantations; value in the LR corner is annual increase in oil palm plantations.,00 ha yr ,900 ha yr Hecatres (million) Middle column: land use following forest conversion, (both upland and swamp forests); value in LL corner is annual rate of deforestation,000 ha yr 8,00 ha yr Upland Forest Agroforestry & Plantations Hectares (Million) Shrub & Grasslands Open Swamp Agriculture Mangroves Right column: net land use change over each five year period; Summary of land use change Land Use Prior to 00 0 Peninsular Land Use Following Deforestation 00 0 Net Land Use Change Left column: land use prior to new oil palm plantations; value in the LR corner is annual increase in oil palm plantations.,00 ha yr ,00 ha yr Hectares (x00) net change Middle column: land use following forest conversion, (both upland and swamp forests); value in LL corner is annual rate of deforestation 7,000 ha yr 7,0 ha yr Upland Forest Agroforestry & Plantations Hectares (x00) Shrub & Grasslands Open Swamp Agriculture Mangroves Right column: net land use change over each five year period;

4 //0 Summary of land use change Indonesia Land use Prior to OilPalm 00 0 Land Use Following Deforetation 00 0 Net Land Use Change net change Left column: land use prior to new oil palm plantations; value in the LR corner is annual increase in oil palm plantations. 0,00 ha yr ,000 ha yr Hectares (Million) net change Middle column: land use following forest conversion, (both upland and swamp forests); value in LL corner is annual rate of deforestation ha yr Upland Forest Upland Forest (UDF+DF) (USF+DSF),00 ha yr Agroforestry & Plantations (MTC+RPL+CPL+TPL) Agroforestry (BRL) & Plantations (SET+MIN+NCL) Hectares (Million) Shrub & Grasslands (SCH+GRS) Open Swamp (SSH+SG) Open Swamp (OPL) Agriculture Mangroves Agriculture (DCL +RCF) Right column: net land use change over each five year period; Total CO emissions from land use change and emissions from peat in Indonesia and for the two temporal epochs between 000 and 0. Millions tons CO Indonesia (Sumtara, & ) (Peninsular, & ) AGB from LUC Agricultural Agroforest & Plantations Swamp Non forest Upland non Forest Upland forest Peat Oxidation Agricultural Agroforest & Plantations Degraded Swamp Shrub Degraded

5 //0 Estimated GHG emissions stratified by land use and source. Plantations (hectares ) Plantations (hectares ) Peninsular Total Land Area (Hectares x ) () Plantations (hectares ) Peninsular Total Land Area (Hectares x ) () Source of GHG Emissions Peninsu Peninsula Forest Degradation lar r (AGB & Peat Oxidation) Malaysi a Peninsula Sarawa Sources of LUC k Peninsular r (AGB & Peat Oxidation) 0 Peninsula AGB from LUC from New r Plantations Peninsula Peat Oxidation from Existing COemissions (t yr ).00E+08.0E+08.00E+07 r Plantations 0 0 () Total Land Area (Hectares x ) () The vertical axis shows the area of oil palm the horizontal axis the total surface area of each of the three sub national units. Forest degradation refers to transitions from high biomass to low biomass natural land cover types Sources of LUC pools GHG emissions from AGB from LUC and emissions from peat oxidation for agriculture, agroforests and plantation forestry. Data for oil palm is presented separately for AGB from LUC and peat oxidation. Hecatres (millions) Business As Usual New Guinea Peninsular Hecaters (millions) Business As Usual Hecatres (millions) Carbon Neutral Expansion total Peninsular New Guinea Hecatres (milliones) Carbon Neutral Expansion

6 //0 0 Business As Usual Indonesia, Malayasia & PNG Hectares (Millions) 0 Peat Mineral Hectares (Millions) Mineral Carbon Neutral Expansion Indonesia, Malayasia & PNG Peat 0 Restortion of Peat Indonesia, Malayasia & PNG Hectares (Millions) 0 Peat Mineral Comparison with other studies. Koh & Wilcox (008) Our analysis of landcover data compiled by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization suggests that during the period , % 9% of oil palm expansion in, and at least % of that in Indonesia occurred at the expense of forests Indonesia Both Upland Forest (UDF+DF) 9% 8% % (USF+DSF) % % % % % 7% Shrub & Grasslands (SCH+GRS) 0% 0% % Open Swamp (SSH+SG) % 0% %

7 //0 Center for Remote Sensing and Processing NUS Miettinen et al. (0) Global Change Biology (0) 7, Total Deforestation Conversion of Peat CRISP RSPO CRISP RSPO Peninsular 0,000 8,000,000 0,000,,000,77,,9,000,7,88 Borneo,000,000,0,999,08,000,9,87 Total Forest Cover Peat Forest Cover FRIM 8,8,07 7,87,70,,0,,00 RSPO 9,70,000 9,00,000 9,9, 07, 7,8,08 SARVISION 8,98,0 8,8,,0,897 70,97 Change FRIM,8 9,00 Change RSPO 0,000 0,87 89,,809 Change SARVISION 8,8,90 Rashiid et al. (0) land use change in, report to RSPO GHG WG SARVISION (0). Impact of oil palm plantations on peatland conversion in 000 7

8 //0 Carlson et al. (0) Carbon emissions from forest conversion by oil palm plantations. Nature Climate Change Extent of plantations Carlson et al RSPO ,00 8, ,000 77,7 0,,000,89,9 % on peatland % % Carlson et al. (0) Carbon emissions from forest conversion by oil palm plantations. Nature Climate Change Carlson et al. RSPO Primarily intact 7% Primary Forests 0.% Logged forests % Disturbed Forests.% Agroforests % Shrub lands.% Nonforested % Grasslands.% Agroforest.%.% 8

9 //0 Historical CO Emissions from Land Use and Land Use Change from the Industry in Indonesia, and New Guinea Fahmuddin Agus, Petrus Gunarso, Bambang Heru Sahardjo, K.T. Joseph, Abdul Rashid, Khali Hamzah, Nancy Harris, Meine van Noordwijk 7 Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia Tropenbos International, Indonesia Programme, Bogor, Indonesia Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Winrock International, Arlington, Virginia, USA 7 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya This study was commissioned and reviewed by the Second Greenhouse Gas Working Group of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Co-Chairs: Timothy J. Killeen and Jeremy Goon 9