Absolute Monarchs in Europe

Transcription

1 Absolute Monarchs in Europe Introduction video

2 Throwback In what ways do you think the Protestant Reformation and Exploration strengthened the kings of Europe? Reformation weakened the CHURCH Colonization brought $$$$$

3 Format You will read. You don t have to read a lot, so cut the whining! I will lecture. When you see something underlined that s a clue to sort it into your graphic organizer. Let s read Setting the Stage so we can establish our historical context before I set. You. off.

4 Reading Questions What s an absolute monarch? Define divine right What did monarchs do when the peasants revolted? Causes Crusades & other wars killed many feudal lords Rising middle class supported monarchs Reformation gave monarch powers formerly held by the Church Awakening spirit of nationalism made the monarch a symbol of national unity

5 Rise of Absolute Monarchs

6 Rise of Nationalism and Nation-States Began when a strong ruler expanded control to a larger area Eventually, monarch rule free from external political or religious control In England and France the monarch united people of a common nationality (similar language, customs, history) Breakdown of feudalism and emergence of nationalism; People transferred loyalty from local lord to monarch & nation

7 Absolute Monarchs Structure Monarch rules as executive without the check of legislative or judiciary Acquisition, Use, and Justification of Power Monarch gains power through family and sometimes God. Citizen Participation Citizens listen to and respect monarch

8 Absolute Monarchs By 1600, some European kings had become absolute monarchs Benefits Clear decision-maker Stability with clear leader Disadvantages Lack of citizen participation Lack of citizen choice and rights Infrequent/erratic changes in leaders Countries we will study: France and Spain (PRE-ENLIGHTENMENT), Russia

9 Spain Ferdinand and Isabella united Christian Spain (1469) Defeated Moors (Muslims) Absolutism ruled without the legislature (Cortes); strengthened royal power Staunch Catholics Inquisition hurt Spain Financed voyages of Columbus; eventually acquired a colonial empire Charles V Holy Roman Emperor controlled Spain, Netherlands, Sicily, S. Italy, Austria; failed to halt Protestantism in Germany Son Philip II Most Catholic King Failed to stop Protestant revolts Failed to halt English raids on Spanish ships and lost the Spanish Armada to England in 1588 Lost the Netherlands Decline of Spain s prestige and power

10 Spain -Philip II s Empire What problems do can you predict here for Philip II?

11 Philip II s Empire Inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American Colonies from Charles V- Promoted Golden age of Spain He was a very hard worker but very suspicious of other people so he worked alone Wealth of the colonies: The mines in America allowed Philip to keep a standing a of 50,000 soldiers He was aggressive for the sake of his empire Took over the Portuguese Empire (Portugal, parts of Africa, India, and the East Indies. Defender of Catholicism- defeats Ottoman Empire at Lepanto 1588-Spanish Armada defeated by England s Elizabeth I 1600 s Spain power declines

12 Philip II s Empire Despite his leadership, Spain power declined during Philip s rule The influx of gold led to massive inflation & prices soared; no tax on nobles, just the lower classes; population growing-->demand for goods increases and prices raise Make their enemies rich Spain did not manufacture anything to sell to it bought all of its goods from other countries (remember favorable balance of trade.? Mercantilism? ) Brain Drain from Reconquista The Netherlands broke away from Spain in 1579 : Dutch Protestants revolt Fun fact: In-breeding ended the Hapsburg Dynasty in 1700 Charles II, last Hapsburg King Charles s mother was a niece of Charles s father; Maria Anna was his aunt and also his grandmother; Margaret of Austria was his grandmother and great-grandmother. The inbreeding was so bad his 8 great-grandparents were all descendants of the same couple, Joanne & Philip I of Castile!!!!

13 Philip II

14 Recap of Philip

15 France (mon favorite) Before Louis XIV came to power, France was a nation in conflict Between Catholics & French Protestants (called Huguenots) Louis XIV The most powerful ruler in French history Louis, the Boy King Cardinal Mazarin Ended the 30 years war He increased taxes and strengthened the central government, which led to noble rebellions and they failed for 3 reasons Its leaders distrusted one another even more than they distrusted Mazarin The government used violent repression Peasants and townspeople grew weary of disorder and fighting

16 France, Louis XIV Louis Weakens the Noble s Authority Cardinal Mazarin died and 22 year old Louis took over Louis XIV weakened the power of the nobles by excluding them from his councils He increased the power of the government agents called Intendants (expands the bureaucracy) He hired loyal bureaucrats to collect taxes & enforce his laws; He made sure t communicated with him often Collected taxes and administered justice, builds strongest army in Europe Louis XIV believed that he was the government, L etat c est moi I am the state Sun King - all power in France comes from him

17 Let s see what that army can do!

18 France, Louis XIV NEVER calls the Estates General (representative body of government. Never. Calls. it.) Economic Growth-Positive Effect Jean Baptiste Colbert: Believed in the idea of Mercantilism Wanted France to become self-sufficient and produce all products they need. To expand manufacturing in France they gave government funds and tax benefits Companies Encourage colonization and settlement in Canada Also placed high tariffs on imported goods Colbert died:louis announced a policy slowed France s economic progress Canceled the Edict of Nantes (Brain Drain; let s go to the book!)

19 Louis got style.. Louis spent a fortune to surround himself with luxury. Louis Controls the Nobility Outside Louis canopy bed stood 100 of the most privileged nobles at court Waiting to help the great king dress Only 4 would be allowed to assist him Outside in the hallway lesser nobles waited in the palace halls and hoped Louis would notice them Having nobles at the palace increased royal authority in 2 ways: Each meal was a feast It made the nobility totally dependent on Louis Took them from their homes, thereby giving more power to the intendants Versailles His successors will inherit ENORMOUS debts from his spending

20 Versailles Distribute Sun King reading The Palace Became ideal of European royalty and French became language of diplomacy throughout Europe Other Displays of Power: He used wealth & art to glorify himself, including constructing the massive palace of Versailles Louis promoted art not to glorify God or human potential, but to glorify himself Playwrights like Molière wrote comedies Opera and ballet became popular Architecture promoted the wealth of France

21 Versailles

22 Louis Negatives Did I mention the debt? Cost of palace weakened French finances He involved France in expensive wars that failed to gain France new lands & led to massive debts Let s read Biography.com video

23 RUSSIA (ehmergod I m so excited) 1480 Russian rulers drive Mongols out Early Czars Ivan III & Ivan IV (Terrible) used harsh methods to unify Russia & strengthen Monarchy 1613 Michael Romanov begins Romanov Dynasty

24 RUSSIA- before Peter the Great Russia s was influenced by the Byzantine Empire but was conquered Ivan III successfully liberated Russia from the Mongols & ruled as the first czar( caesar or king ) Over time, czars expanded Russia s borders, increased their power over the nobles, & created an absolute monarchy

25 Russia Romanov family czars ruled Russia for 300 years Peter the Great:by the time he became czar, Russia was a large empire Westernized Russia (modeled after Europe) in areas of science, education, military, industry Ordered males to shave long beards, discard Asian garments Gained seaports windows for the landlocked country Reduced power of nobility, boyars

26 Peter returns.ch-ch-ch-changes When he returned from Europe, Peter imposed new reforms to Westernize Russia: Adopted European fashions by banning beards for men & veils for women Adopted a European calendar Improved farming techniques Used mercantilism as an economic policy Created iron & lumber factories Modernized the army & navy Made himself head of the Orthodox Church (like Henry VIII in England)

27 Peter-no more landlocked country Peter expanded Russia s borders & built a new European-style Russian capital at St. Petersburg Forced migrations Window to the west Major trading port and new European style capital

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29 Legacy of Peter the Great As a result of Peter the Great, Russia became a more advanced, Western nation But, modernization was a slow process & Russia had not fully industrialized by World War I During World War I, revolutionaries overthrew the monarchy & created a radical new gov t based on socialism

30 Peter the Great

31 In Summary

32 In Summary

33 Following slides not used Sy 16-17

34 Final Thoughts... Choice #1: Summarize Spain in 1 paragraph. Your summary must use the following words: - Hapsburgs - Philip II - Catholic - Armada - Inquisition - Religion - Wealth - Inflation