Staged Introduction of Non-power and Power Nuclear Technologies to Newcomer Countries. Mitsuru Uesaka

Transcription

1 November 10, 2016 Third International Conference on Nuclear Knowledge Management: Challenges and Approaches s in Vienna, Austria, from 7 to 11 November 2016 Staged Introduction of Non-power and Power Nuclear Technologies to Newcomer Countries Mitsuru Uesaka Nuclear Professional School / Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, University of Tokyo, Japan

2 CONTENTS 1. Downsizing of Accelerators by Innovative Technologies(Higher RF (Radio Frequency), Superconducting Magnets and Optimization of Layout) 2. Medical Radioisotope Supply by Linear Accelerators 3. On-site X-ray Transmission Inspection of Industrial and Social Infrastructure 4. Education and Knowledge Management of Nonpower Application forward Power Application (Nuclear Power Plant)

3 S-, C- and X-band linacs and therapy systems Our development

4 Downsizing of Medical Accelerators by Advanced Technologies Electron Linac Synchrotron Cyclotron press/2015_11/pr1001.htm n_therapy_center. html Review of Accelerators for Science and Technology, Vol.2(2009),p.154

5

6 99 Mo/ 99m Tc Shortage Crisis Reactor Hospital Global Production Share [%] [1] National Research Council (U.S.) 2009 [2] International Atomic Energy Agency 2010 [3] Ross and Diamond 2015 SAFARI1 OSIRIS HFR BR Year of operation [y] NRU 235 U fission (6.1%) 99 Mo β - 99m Tc Unexpected shutdown history > 1 month, age-related (Ponsard 2010) 07: HFR, 1 month 08 09: HFR, 6 months 09 10: NRU, 11 months 10: HFR, 6 months Risk of of 99m Tc outage crisis is is growing Alternative method of 99 Mo production is demanded 6

7

8 Current method transition n Background of domestic production of 99 Mo- 99m Tc 235 U(n,fission) 99 Mo Fission method of uranium Import of whole 99 Mo 99 Mo domestic Without uranium production Using natural or enriched Mo Reactor Mo Mo Neutron irradiation in Reactor (n,γ) method 99m Tc Diagnosis >30 million procedures/year/world (1 procedure/sec) Using enriched uranium Domestic 99 Mo production 99 Mo 99 Mo 99m Tc extraction 99m Tc-medicines β - decay 99m Tc 99 Mo 99m Tc Frequent suspension of 99 Mo supply Main troubles of 99 Mo supply and 99m Tc delivery Synchronized terrorist attacks (2001) NRU troubles ( ) Air transportation trouble by volcanic eruption in Iceland (2010) Shutdown of Osiris (2015) Shutdown of NRU (2016) Diagnosis Oct m Tc-medicine million procedures/y/j apan e γ 100 Mo 99 Mo Bremsstrahlung photon by Electron-Linac (γ,n) method Electron-Linac Accelerator Maker of radiopharmaceuticals Delivery in a short time Hospital & Nuclear medical center

9 Design Scheme of S-band (56 kw) e - Linac クライストロン RF Amp RF Amp RF Amp RF Amp Klystron クライストロン電源 クライストロン Klystron クライストロン電源 クライストロン Klystron クライストロン電源 クライストロン Klystron クライストロン電源 ~5m 電子銃電源 BA IP 電子銃 IP IP PB RF 窓 SM cam IP CT QD QF 第一レギュラー管 バンチャー加速管 GV ST BA ST BA ST FC ML RF 窓 RF 窓 RF 窓 IP IP CT QD QF SM cam 第二レギュラー管 Linear Accelerators Electron beam Energy (peak) MeV 35 Current (peak) ma 324 CT QD QF SM Power (average) kw Klystron: Toshiba E3783 RF Frequency GHz Peak power MW 4.5 Pulse length μs 20 Pulse repetition rate pps 250 cam BA ST 第三レギュラー管 SM cam IP CT SL BA BM BD CT SL IP QD QF IP GV ~10m target

10 99m Tc Supply Capacity of S-band e - Linac Supply Demand 99m Tc activity 262% of 99 Mo [Ci 99m Tc/week] 1.1 million (procedure/year) 20 (mci/procedure) 423 [Ci 99m Tc /week] S-band e- linacs in Japan Demand 30 million (procedure/year) 20 (mci/procedure) 11,539 [Ci 99m Tc /week] 1111, S-band e- linacs in the world

11 Portable X-band(9.3GHz) Linac X-ray Sources 950keV/3.95MeV linac systems consist of three/four boxes. 950keV 3.95 MeV Power Source X-ray Box Magnetron Box

12 On-site Inspection by 950 kev X-band linac X-ray sources National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management Reinforced Concrete Peer X-ray source Chemical Reaction Chamber Dynamic Imaging of Inner Fluid Synchronized Quasi-Static Imaging of Rotor

13 Third Bridge Inspection by 950 kev X-ray Source on Oct.6,7, 2016

14 X-ray Transmission Images Survival cross section

15 Structural Evaluation using Finite Element Method The Software:DuCOM-COM3 Developed by Concrete-Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo Material : Concrete, steel Elastic Modulus of Concrete Elastic Modulus of Steel Objective of this Analysis: 1.Design based Evaluation Condition : Evaluate the behavior of bridge which has the design load. *Design load based on Japanese criteria YZ Analysis mesh XZ XY 2.Yield point Evaluation Evaluate the yield point of bridge by applying the continuous load The 3D model which show the result of calculation

16 Knowledge Management Aspects Radiation Medicine KM has been almost established in the field of Medical Physics. Industrial Infrastructure Inspection by Radiation KM is established in the field of Maintenance. Social Infrastructure Inspection by Radiation KM has just started.

17 Prof.Takeshi Iimoto, University of Tokyo collaborated with IAEA Education of Nuclear Science can start for very young generation Two-hour radiation education program for junior high school students Part I Lecture (60 min) 5 min - Program explanation 45 min - Basic radiation lecture + Radiation and dose surrounding us + Radiation application + Radiation and Radioactivity + Radiation type + Half life + Unit of Bq and Sv + Human effect + Radiation protection 10 min - Break time Part II Two Experiments (60 min) 20 min - Cloud chamber observation + Pouring ethanol; 5 min + Cooling time by dry ice; 5 min + Observation; 10 min 30 min - Environmental survey by a radiation detector + Instruction to use survey-meter; 5min + Surveying activity; 25 min 10 min - Conclusion

18 Prof.Takeshi Iimoto, University of Tokyo collaborated with IAEA The WOW factor We are trying to insert WOW factors into our education modules and have been sharing our experiences with the pilot countries in the TC activities. hands-on classes, including assembling cloud chamber, and environmental radiation survey (to understand risk level) movies of lectures and virtual tours on Website to motivate and support teachers as well as students RADI;

19 INMA Master Course Level (IAEA Nuclear Management Academy) Aspect group 2. Technology 2.1 Nuclear power plant and other facility design principles 2.2 Nuclear power plant/facility operational systems 2.3 Nuclear power plant/facility life management 2.4 Nuclear facility maintenance processes and programmes 2.5 Systems engineering within nuclear facilities 2.6 Nuclear safety principles and analysis 2.7 Radiological safety and protection 2.8 Nuclear reactor physics and reactivity management 2.9 Nuclear fuel cycle technologies 2.10 Nuclear waste management and disposal 2.11 Nuclear power plant/facility decommissioning 2.12 Nuclear environmental protection, monitoring and remediation 2.13 Nuclear R&D and innovation management 2.14 Application of nuclear science Non-Power Aspects

20 Introduction of Non-Power and Power Applications -Newcomer countries may introduce non-power application first. Even here, reasonably compact and economical systems are expected. -The public realizes the benefit of radiation. - Public Acceptance of power application is expected to be enhanced. - Proceed to introduction of power application, namely nuclear power plant.

21 National Human Resource Development Network U.Tokyo-IAEA Nuclear Technology/Management E-learning System Introduction of Nuclear Science and Technology Japan-IAEA Nuclear Energy Management School Japan-IAEA Nuclear Working-Level Training Course Non-power Industrial/Societal Infrastructure Maintenance Radiation Medicine Power Nuclear Power

22 Summary Innovative compact radiation systems are developed and applied for practical uses. Education of radiation, protection, contribution to QOL (Quality of Life) is available even for very young generations. Those can surely contribute to enhancement of public acceptance for power application (Nuclear Power Plant). Acknowledgements Takeshi Iimoto, Jang Jaewoong, University of Tokyo Katsuyoshi Tatenuma, Kakenlabo Inc. Takeo Iwai, Yamagata University Masashi Yamamoto, Eiji Tanabe, Accuthera Inc.