DR, EE, DG ASSESSMENT FOR MISO ANDEI STAKEHOLDER KICKOFF MEETING

Transcription

1 DR, EE, DG ASSESSMENT FOR MISO ANDEI STAKEHOLDER KICKOFF MEETING APRIL 4, 2017

2 AGENDA Objectives Changes from Previous Study Stakeholder Engagement Data Needs Data needs from LSEs Secondary Data Data template Schedule Next Steps 2

3 OBJECTIVES

4 OBJECTIVES Update estimates of demand response (DR), energy efficiency (EE) and distributed generation (DG) for the MISO and Eastern Interconnection (EI) regions MISO analysis is broken down by 10 local resource zones (LRZ) EI analysis is broken down by the following 6 regions (NYISO, PJM, SERC, TVA, TVA-Other, SPP) Base year is 2016, with the forecast spanning 20 years: Develop all necessary data to support modeling DR, EE, and DG programs as demand-side management resources in EGEAS Once the base case is settled, we will run the additional MTEP19 Futures for each region and develop EGEAS inputs for each Future Document the methodology, forecast assumptions, and analysis results in a report and in presentations throughout the study Provide LoadMAP Training to the MISO staff 4

5 CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS STUDY

6 CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS STUDY For MISO analysis, we will start with secondary data collection instead of a survey of utilities. This allows us to use complete, consistent secondary data sources Takes the pressure off of LSEs to develop the required data, but still have the opportunity to make adjustments or confirm that we should use the secondary data source Allows us to freely share the data among MISO and stakeholders Increased transparency into the estimates Active engagement with various stakeholders from the beginning Changes to programs Separate out utility-incentivized distributed generation from customer-driven distributed generation Separate out demand response into utility-driven demand response programs and wholesale DR programs run at the ISO/RTO level Consider adding a new program that combines solar PV and battery storage, both utility-sponsored and customer-driven (if data is available) Changes to market characterization Create a separate segment for multifamily customers in the residential sector to track DR and EE programs that target multifamily customers specifically 6

7 PROPOSED PROGRAM CATEGORIES Residential Program Program Type C&I Program Program Type Direct Load Control DR Curtailable & Interruptible DR Dynamic Pricing DR Wholesale Curtailable DR Appliance Incentives EE Direct Load Control DR Appliance Recycling EE Dynamic Pricing DR Behavioral Programs EE Lighting EE Lighting EE Prescriptive Rebate EE Low Income EE Custom Incentive EE Multifamily EE Retrocommissioning EE New Construction EE New Construction EE Whole Home Audit EE Customer Solar PV DG Customer Solar PV DG Utility Incentive Solar PV DG Utility Incentive Solar PV DG Customer Wind Turbine DG Customer Wind Turbines DG Combined Heat and Power (CHP) DG Electric Vehicle Charging DG Battery Storage DG Battery Storage DG Thermal Storage DG Thermal Storage DG 7

8 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

9 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT As part of the in-person kickoff meeting, we ll meet with interested stakeholders to review the statement of work and our proposed methodology Present updates at PAC meetings Hold webcasts or in-person meetings to discuss key deliverables Work with the LSEs to explain how we developed the starting values of the load forecasts and the estimates of DR, EE, and DG savings Give the LSEs the opportunity to make changes to the estimates used Engage with stakeholders early in the process so that adjustments can be made early Work with state agencies to ensure modeling of at least state mandates 9

10 DATA NEEDS

11 DATA NEEDS Historical sales (energy and MISO system peak) and customers by sector (Residential, C&I) Forecasted sales (energy and MISO system peak) and customers by sector (Residential, C&I) Demand response program details (Historical and forecasted) Peak demand savings Energy savings Number of participants Program costs Energy Efficiency program details (Historical and forecasted) Energy savings Peak demand savings Number of participants Program costs Distributed generation program details (Historical and forecasted) Capacity (MW) Number of participants Program costs 11

12 DATA NEEDS Market characteristics % of customers with central air conditioning, electric space heating, electric water heaters, etc. Breakdown of lighting lamp types (CFLs, LEDs, etc.) Allocation of sales by sector (residential, commercial and industrial) Allocation of number of households by single-family and multi-family Estimate of saturation of electric vehicles Estimate of customer-sited solar PV capacity Estimate of customer-sited wind capacity Estimate of customer-sited other distributed generation capacity (CHP, battery, etc.) 12

13 SECONDARY DATA SOURCES Market characteristics (saturations, end use breakdown) developed at the LRZ level Publicly available potential studies within the LRZ EIA s Annual Energy Outlook 2016 Regional profiles EIA s Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) DOE s Plug-in Electric Vehicle Penetration Fact Sheet (based on PEV registrations collected by NREL) Historical sales (Energy and Peak) for each LSE, summed to LRZ EIA Form 861 Forecasted sales (Energy and Peak) for each LSE, summed to LRZ EIA s Annual Energy Outlook 2016 regional growth rates Historical number of customers by sector for each LSE, summed to LRZ EIA Form 861 Forecasted number of customers by sector for each LSE, summed to LRZ EIA s Annual Energy Outlook 2016 regional growth rates Historical DR, EE, DG program data for each LSE, summed to LRZ EIA Form 861 FERC Survey FERC Form 1 Penetration of distributed generation Solar LBNL s Tracking the Sun database, NREL s OpenPV database, EIA Form 861 Wind- EIA Form

14 DATA COLLECTION PROCESS

15 DATA COLLECTION PROCESS Stakeholder meeting to kickoff the study (today s meeting) Barb Ryan of AEG sent out the data entry spreadsheet to each LSE that contains the secondary data that AEG compiled for that LSE Send any questions on the template to Barb Ryan (bryan@appliedenergygroup.com) and Bridget Kester (bkester@appliedenergygroup.com) AEG will follow up with contacts to answer any questions LSEs will confirm or adjust data in the spreadsheet and send back to Barb Ryan AEG will aggregate LSE information into the LRZ 15

16 RESPONSE FROM LSES(SO FAR) LRZ 1 LRZ 4 LRZ 7 Minnesota Power Inc Ameren Illinois Company Consumers Energy Co Northern States Power Co - Minnesota AMEM- Dynegy DTE Electric Company Otter Tail Power Co City Water Light and Power Sensible Energy Solutions Montana-Dakota Utilities Co Illinois Municipal Electric Agency Wolverine Power Cooperative Dairyland Power Cooperative Prairie Power LRZ 8 Great River Energy Sensible Energy Solutions Entergy Arkansas Inc Central Minnesota Municipal Agency Southern Illinois Power Cooperative Arkansas Electric Coop. Minnesota Municipal Power Agency LRZ 5 Jonesboro City Water and Light Minnkota Power Coop City of Columbia -(MO) Northern Little Rock Electric Southern Minnesota Municipal Association Union Electric Co -(MO) LRZ 9 Utilities Plus and Blue Earth AMEM- Dynegy City of Alexandria -(LA) LRZ 2 Columbia Water and Light District Cleco Power LLC Upper Peninsula Power Co LRZ 6 Entergy Louisiana LLC Madison Gas & Electric Co Indianapolis Power & Light Co Entergy New Orleans Inc Wisconsin Electric Power Co Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co Entergy Texas Inc. Wisconsin Power & Light Co Duke Energy Indiana Inc East Texas Electric Coop. Wisconsin Public Service Corp Southern Indiana Gas & Elec Co Lafayette Utilities WPPI Alcoa Power Generating Inc. Louisiana Energy & Power Authority LRZ 3 Big Rivers Electric Corporation Louisiana Generation (NRG) MidAmerican Energy Co Hoosier Energy LRZ 10 Alliant Interstate Power and Light Entergy Mississippi Inc AMES South Mississippi Electric Power Association Cedar Falls Utilities Eldridge and Montezuma Muscatine Power & Water Highlighted LSEs indicate that they provided updated data 16

17 ASSESSMENT OF DR, EE, AND DG POTENTIAL

18 STEPSTODEVELOPESTIMATESOFDR, EE, ANDDG POTENTIAL 1. Characterize the market and develop baseline projections 2. Define and characterize relevant DR options 3. Define and characterize relevant EE programs 4. Define and characterize relevant DG programs 5. Estimate DR, EE, and DG potential 6. Perform sensitivity and scenario analysis Deliverables: Program descriptions narrative describing the program and assumptions LoadMAP models for MISO and for EI with all program assumptions included and a results file with the results shown in presentation ready format that can easily be customized Draft and final report 18

19 TASK 1: CHARACTERIZE THE MARKET AND DEVELOP BASELINE PROJECTIONS Dimension Segmentation Variable Dimension Examples 1 Region MISO (10 LRZ regions) and Eastern Interconnection (NYISO, PJM, SERC, TVA, TVA-Other, SPP, MRO/MAPP) 2 Class Residential, C&I 3 Sector Residential, Commercial, Industrial 4 Segment Residential Single Family and Multifamily customers; C&I customers 5 Vintage Existing and new construction 6 End uses 7 8 Appliances/end uses and technologies Equipment efficiency levels for new purchases Cooling, heating, ventilation, lighting, water heat, refrigeration, motors, etc. (customized for each sector) Technologies such as lamp type, air conditioning equipment, motors by size, etc. Baseline efficiency and an array of higher-efficiency options as appropriate for each technology 19

20 TASK2: DEFINEANDCHARACTERIZERELEVANTDR OPTIONS Determine list of program types We will break out Other DR if the data suggests that the programs are large enough DR Option Eligible Customer Segments Residential Direct Load Control(DLC) Residential Residential Dynamic Pricing Residential C&I Direct Load Control(DLC) Small C&I C&I Curtailable/interruptible tariffs Medium and Large C&I C&I Dynamic Pricing Small, Medium and Large C&I Other DR (Capacity resource, emergency DR, Fast DR) Medium and Large C&I Determine the participation hierarchy by customer segment Customer Segment DR Options Eligible Customers Direct Load Control Single Family (SF) home customers with AC units Residential (first option applied within segment) and heat pumps. Dynamic Pricing Residential customers not participating in DLC Fast DR(Distinct from other DR programs) All customers Small C&I customers with AC units and heat Direct Load Control pumps Small C&I Dynamic Pricing Small C&I customers not participating in DLC Fast DR All customers Load as a Capacity Resource All customers Medium and Large C&I Emergency DR Customers not enrolled in Load as a Capacity Resource option Dynamic Pricing C&I customers not enrolled in either Load as a Capacity Resource or Emergency DR options Fast DR All customers 20

21 TASK3: DEFINEANDCHARACTERIZERELEVANTEE OPTIONS Determine list of program types We will break out into low cost or high cost, based on the cost information collected Previous studies used $1,000/kW as the breakpoint Sector EE Program Type Low Cost or High Cost Residential Appliance incentives All Residential Appliance recycling Low cost and high cost Residential Behavioral Programs All Residential Lighting initiatives All Residential Low income programs All Residential Multifamily programs All Residential New Construction programs Low cost and high cost Residential Whole home audit programs All Commercial& Industrial Lighting programs All Commercial& Industrial Prescriptive rebates Low cost and high cost Commercial& Industrial Custom incentives Low cost and high cost Commercial& Industrial New Construction programs All Commercial& Industrial Retrocommissioning programs Low cost and high cost 21

22 TASK4: DEFINEANDCHARACTERIZERELEVANTDG OPTIONS Determine list of program types We will break out into low cost or high cost, based on the cost information collected Once data is collected we will review to determine the correct breakpoint Residential Program Customer Solar PV Utility Incentive Solar PV Customer Wind Turbines Electric Vehicle Charging Battery Storage Thermal Storage C&I Program Customer Solar PV Utility Incentive Solar PV Customer Wind Turbine Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Battery Storage Thermal Storage 22

23 TASK5: ESTIMATEDR, EE, ANDDG POTENTIAL Apply information about the programs and measures, along with program participation rates, to the baseline forecast. Peak Demand Savings MW (Summer) Residential Program Type Direct Load Control Dynamic Pricing 5 18 Appliance Incentives Appliance Recycling Behavioral Programs Lighting Low Income Programs Multifamily Programs New Construction Whole Home Audits Customer Solar PV Customer Wind Turbines Total Residential 922 2,800 23

24 TASK 6: PERFORM SENSITIVITY AND SCENARIO ANALYSIS Once the base case is finalized we will develop estimates for the additional Futures for MTEP19 Example from previous Assessment of DR, EE, and DG for MISO Future Scenario Reference: Existing Programs Plus 3,221 5,326 7,447 25,314 53,225 Low Demand 3,221 5,309 7,375 23,406 46,119 High Demand 3,221 5,470 7,786 29,078 69,800 Demand-side DG 3,423 5,740 8,083 33,608 83,968 CPP 111(d) 3,221 5,326 7,447 54, ,709 High Penetration DG 3,423 14,769 21,617 77, ,870 24

25 NEXT STEPS

26 NEXT STEPS Follow up with LSEs that have not responded yet Aggregate data from LSEs to develop LRZ-level models Identify and fill any remaining data gaps Anticipate data collection complete by April 15 Anticipate estimates of potential from DR, EE, and DG by August 26

27 SCHEDULE

28 SCHEDULE February March April May June July August Sept October Nov Dec January Item Data Collection - Secondary data Stakeholder Meeting * Data collection - work with utilities Data collection working session * Market characterization Build LoadMAP Model Preliminary potential estimates Workshop to review preliminary estimates * Revised potential estimates Final potential estimates Create EGEAS files Working session/ stakeholder presentation * Scenario analysis Scenario EGEAS files Draft and Final Report D F Final presentation and LoadMAP training * 28

29 Thank You! Ingrid Rohmund, Vice President Bridget Kester, Senior Project Manager Nate Barnett, Analyst Fuong Nguyen, Senior Analyst Barb Ryan, Senior Project Manager Sharon Yoshida, Senior Associate

30 DATA COLLECTION SPREADSHEET The spreadsheet is pre-populated using the publicly available data sources discussed in the previous slides The values in redare what we will use to represent the LSE Market characterization tab: Breakdown of energy use by end use Percentage split between market segments in each sector Saturations of various types of electric equipment Distribution of lamp types For the load forecast and program tabs the section labeled Use for Study indicates the final values that we will use for that LSE There is a drop-down menu that will pull in values from various data sources You can use the values pulled in or you can overwrite with the values you think best represent your service territory 30

31 DATA COLLECTION SPREADSHEET MARKET CHARACTERIZATION TAB 31

32 DATA COLLECTION SPREADSHEET LOAD FORECAST TAB 32

33 DATA COLLECTION SPREADSHEET ENERGY EFFICIENCY TAB 33

34 DATA COLLECTION SPREADSHEET DEMAND RESPONSE TAB 34

35 DATA COLLECTION SPREADSHEET DISTRIBUTED GENERATION TAB 35

36 DATA COLLECTION SPREADSHEET NON-UTILITY PROGRAM DISTRIBUTED GENERATION TAB 36

37 RESIDENTIAL EE PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS Program Type Appliance Incentives Appliance Recycling Behavioral Programs Lighting Low Income Multifamily New Construction Whole Home Audit Description programs encourage and assist residential customers in improving the energy efficiency of their homes through a broad range of energy efficient products that are commonly purchased in retail settings. These programs promote and provide cash rebates to help defray the cost of high efficiency models of common home equipment. Appliances that could qualify for an incentive include: Central ACs, RoomACs, water heaters, refrigerators, clothes washers and dryers, dishwashers, and TVs. programs pursue energy savings by offering a bounty payment to customers to remove old, inefficient appliances and recycle them.this includes aging refrigerator and freezer units, and room air conditioners. This is a two-pronged goal: to remove existing secondary units from operation and to prevent existing primary appliances from being retained and used as secondary units when customers purchase newunits. The program administrator offers free pickup of the units from residences plus customer incentives and education about the benefits of secondary unit disposal. There are no costs to participating customers. The contractor will pick up, disable, and recycle the units. Home Energy Report programs, such as OPower, provide individualized energy use information to customers while simultaneously offering recommendations on how to save energy and money by making small changes to energy consuming behaviors. Energy reports are sent periodically to customer households to give them self-awareness and a peer comparison of their energy usage. Customers are also provided access to an online tool to track energy consumption and offer tips to reduce usage. Social competitiveness increases behavior to reduce energy consumption. programs incentivize the purchase and installation of efficient lighting utilizing an upstream strategy to provide customers incentives on qualifying CFL and LED light bulbs at participating retailers. Although recent programs have focused on rebates for CFL lightbulbs, the trend is moving towards a focus on LED light bulbs now that the EISA standard, which removes standard incandescent light bulbs, is in effect. typically includes direct installation of low-cost measures for low-income homeowners and renters, at no cost to the participant. The measures installed may include: faucet aerator, low-flow showerhead, advanced power strip, hot water pipe insulation, hot water heater tank wrap and CFL/LEDs. Some programs may also include weatherization measures, such as installation of ceiling, duct and/or wall insulation, at no cost to the participant. typically have several components: walk-through audits, direct installation of low-cost measures, or financial assistance with additional measure installations. Walk-through audits generate reports that contain specific recommendations, including expected costs, energy savings, and resource referrals. During the audit visit, the auditor can also install a package of low-cost energy-savings measures, at no additional charge to the customer, to immediately improve the energy performance of the household. These measures can include efficient light bulbs, low-flow water fixtures, water heater tank insulation and pipe wrap. program is designed to accelerate the incorporation of energy efficiency in the design, construction, and operation of single-family homes and renovated or reconstructed homes. The program works with builders and qualified Home Energy Raters to build homes that are more comfortable, durable, and energy efficient than homes built to conventional practices. All home certifications go through a third party verification process, ensuring the construction meets the high standard of the products. Upstream designers/builders and owner-builders will be offered education on and rebates for the installation of high efficiency end-use equipment and building envelope measures in new residential dwellings. Customers receive a home energy audit and direct installation of low-cost measures. The audit identifies potential efficiency improvements. Low-cost measures typically installed include: faucet aerator, low-flow showerhead, advanced power strip, water heater tank wrap, water pipe insulation, and efficient light bulbs. Customers may also be eligible to receive incentives for the purchase and installation of HVAC equipment, air sealing, insulation or efficient windows. 37

38 RESIDENTIAL DR AND DG PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS Program Type Direct Load Control Dynamic Pricing Customer Solar PV Utility-incentive Solar PV Customer Wind Turbines Electric Vehicle Charging Battery Storage Direct Load Control Description reduces peak demand by controlling participating customers cooling, heating, and water heating equipment during periods of peak demand and when there may be delivery constraints within certain load zones. During a product event, participants equipment is controlled by a one-way remote-controlled switch that shuts down the compressor of central cooling systems. Direct load control programs can also be used to control the electric storage water heater. programs are structured so that customers have an incentive to reduce their usage during times of high energy demand or high wholesale energy prices. Under a critical peak pricing (CPP) program, the customer pays a higher electricity rate during critical peak periods and pays a lower rate during off-peak periods. Oftentimes, a critical peak pricing rate is combined with a time-of-use (TOU) rate. Under a peak-time rebate (PTR) program, the customer receives an incentive for reducing load during critical peak periods, and there is no penalty if the customer chooses not to participate. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is helpful, although not necessary, for enabling these rates. this includes the customer-cited solar PV installations that are installed outside of any utility-incentivized program programs provide incentives to promote installation of solar generation systems on the rooftop of the customer s home. The customer is generally responsible for obtaining applicable permits and permissions required to install and operate the system. Customers may also be eligible for net energy metering, to earn credit for electricity generated by the solar system. program installs a wind turbine on the customer s property. The turbine typically has a 10kW capacity, which varies based on wind. Excess generation can be sold back to the utility, but no assumptions of selling excess generation are assumed for this study. programs help to integrate the charging of plug-in electric vehicles into the grid in a low-cost manner, while also not straining existing electric infrastructure. The utility program can include the installation of smart chargers in homes, providing public charging stations, or offering time of use rates for customers to shift their energy use to off-peak hours. program installs battery packs in the home that can be charged by solar or wind generation, or even by the regular grid when demand is low. The battery pack then discharges to offset the home's consumption when demand is high. A relatively small battery can effectively offset peak household use for 2-3 hours. reduces peak demand by controlling participating customers cooling, heating, and water heating equipment during periods of peak demand and when there may be delivery constraints within certain load zones. During a product event, participants equipment is controlled by a one-way remote-controlled switch that shuts down the compressor of central cooling systems. Direct load control programs can also be used to control the electric storage water heater. 38

39 C&I EE PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS Program Type Lighting Description programs incentivize the purchase and installation of efficient lighting utilizing an upstream strategy to provide customers incentives on ENERGY STAR qualifying linear fluorescent, high bay and/or screw-in light bulbs at participating retailers. Linear fluorescents are typically replaced with T8, T5 or Linear LED light bulbs. Screw-in lighting is typically replaced with CFL, although the trend is going towards incentivizing LED light bulbs. Prescriptive Rebate Custom Incentive Retrocommissioning New Construction programs are designed to encourage and assist non-residential customers in improving the energy efficiency of their existing facilities through a broad range of energy efficiency options that address all major end uses and processes. Utilities offer incentives to customers who install high-efficiency electric equipment and engages equipment suppliers and contractors to promote incentive-eligible equipment. programs are designed to encourage and assist non-residential customers to save energy through customizable projects that are too complex to fit in the standard rebate offering. The program affects the purchase and installation of efficient technologies and/or implementation of process improvements by working directly with key end-use customers and market providers. The program usually offers custom incentives paid on fixed dollar per first-year-kwh-saved basis; appropriate for large and complex projects, often with multiple measures. There is an emphasis on flexibility of custom projects to address a variety of business and industrial process energy improvements. Examples of custom projects include energy management systems, air compressor system optimization, building envelope improvements, and experimental technologies. programs are designed to accelerate the incorporation of energy efficient design, construction, and operation in existing commercial and industrial buildings. The program typically provides facility designers, builders, and owner-builders with training, design assistance, and incentives for installing high efficiency end-use equipment and building envelope measures in renovated facilities. The program typically focuses on improvements to the HVAC system and lighting. programs are designed to accelerate the incorporation of energy efficient design, construction, and operation in new business buildings. The program typically provides facility designers, builders, and owner-builders with training, design assistance, and incentives for installing high efficiency end-use equipment and building envelope measures in newly constructed facilities. 39

40 C&I DR AND DG PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS Program Type Curtailable and Interruptible Wholesale Curtailable Direct Load Control Dynamic Pricing Customer Solar PV Utility Incentive Solar PV Customer Wind Turbine Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Battery Storage Thermal Storage Description programs in which a customer commits to curtailing a certain amount of load whenever an event is called in exchange for lower energy price. Interruptible programs are programs in which a customer agrees to be interrupted in exchange for a fixed reduction in the monthly demand billing rate. If a customer does not reduce their load per their commitment, the utility may levy a penalty. Wholesale demand response programs that are run at the ISO/RTO level. program reduces peak demand by controlling participating customers cooling, heating, and water heating equipment during periods of peak demand and when there may be delivery constraints within certain load zones. During a product event, participants equipment is controlled by a one-way remote-controlled switch that shuts down the compressor of central cooling systems. Direct load control programs can also be used to control the electric storage water heater. programs are structured so that customers have an incentive to reduce their usage during times of high energy demand or high wholesale energy prices. Under a critical peak pricing program, the customer pays a higher electricity rate during critical peak periods and pays a lower rate during off-peak periods. Oftentimes, a critical peak pricing rate is combined with a time-of-use rate. Under a peak-time rebate program, the customer receives an incentive for reducing load during critical peak periods, and there is no penalty if the customer chooses not to participate. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is helpful, although not necessary, for enabling these rates. this includes the customer-cited solar PV installations that are installed outside of any utility-incentivized program program provides incentives to promote installation of rooftop solar PV. The customer is generally responsible for obtaining applicable permits and permissions required to install and operate the system. Customers may also be eligible for net energy metering, to earn credit for electricity generated by the solar system. program installs a wind turbine on the customer's property. The onsite generation is sized to serve some or all of the customer s energy needs. The turbine typically has a 10kW capacity, which varies based on wind. the utility installs a generator on the customer's property, which creates both electric power and heat, which can be used for space heating and other uses (such as steam sanitizing in hospital facilities). The CHP system captures the waste-heat recovery for heating, cooling and other uses. The unit should be sized such that its full output can be consistently utilized by the customer, with selling excess back to the utility considered a secondary benefit. program would install battery packs that can be charged by solar or wind generation, or even by the regular grid when demand is low. The pack then discharges to offset consumption when demand is high. A relatively small battery can effectively offset peak use for 2-3 hours. program takes advantage of ice storage with air conditioning by attaching a 450 gallon unit to one or more DX air conditioning units. The unit then turns water to ice during times when demand for electricity is low and then uses that ice to cool the air instead of (or a supplement to) compression. A 5 ton system provides 6 hours of cooling, and a 5 kw benefit. 40