EC FLUXES: BASIC CONCEPTS AND BACKGROUND. Timo Vesala (thanks to e.g. Samuli Launiainen and Ivan Mammarella)
|
|
|
- Jeffrey Bates
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EC FLUXES: BASIC CONCEPTS AND BACKGROUND Timo Vesala (thanks to e.g. Samuli Launiainen and Ivan Mammarella)
2 Scales of meteorological processes: Synoptic scale, ~ 1000 km (weather predictions, ~ day) Mesoscale, ~ 100 km (land-sea breeze, ~ hours) Microscale, ~ 1 mm 1 km; ~ seconds - hour
3 1. Big issues and motivation trial 2. Concept of flux 3. C and water cycles and flux towers 4. Methane and wetlands 5. Lakes 6. Urban surface 7. Nitrogen 8. On databases
4 Fate of Anthropogenic CO 2 Emissions (2010) 9.1±0.5 PgC y ±0.2 PgC y -1 50% 2.6±1.0 PgC + y-1 0.9±0.7 PgC y 26% -1 Calculated as the residual of all other flux components 24% 2.4±0.5 PgC y -1 Average of 5 models Global Carbon Project 2010; Updated from Le Quéré et al. 2009, Nature Geoscience; Canadell et al. 2007, PNAS
5 Total positive radiative forcing comparable in magnitude to other physical forcings/feedbacks Understanding of these very low (e.g. nitrogen cycle stimulation or limitation of C sequestration)
6 Science 320, 1444 (2008) Physical, chemical and biological processes affect the climate (energy, hydrology and atmospheric composition) Complex and non-linear interactions can damp and enhance anthropogenic changes Forests act as carbon sinks and feedbacks can increase or decrease this climate forcing Transpiration of tropical forests cools and the darkness of boreal forests (albedo) warms Net effects are not known
7 CONCEPT OF FLUX
8 MASS TRANSPORT BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND ECOSYSTEMS Material produced or absorbed by the biological sink is either stored in the air or transported away Transport by Turbulence (eddies) Advection (bulk flow)
9 What is a vertical flux? Vertical flux (density!) is defined as the amount of material transported vertically per unit area per unit time Typical units: mmol m -2 s -1 CO 2, plant physiologists mg m -2 s -1 pollution community mg m -2 hr -1 chambers, VOC ppb m s -1 chemists units # cm -2 s -1 particle number fluxes meq m -2 s -1 comparisons, acidity kg ha -1 yr -1 or g m -2 yr -1 W m -2 annual budgets CO 2, N sensible and latent heat fluxes E. Nemitz
10 C and WATER CYCLES and FLUX TOWERS
11 Tall towers > 100 m (top-down) Air planes (boundary layer) Flux towers (bottom-up) Chambers
12 Evapotranspiration = Evaporation + transpiration
13 Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) = - (growth decomposition) = - NEP Heterotrophic respiartion Growth Photosynthesis (assimilation) Decomposition
14 Water vapour and CO 2 exchange in Hyytiälä (40-year-old pine) Water vapour Evapo- Transpir. Source CO 2 Sink
15 Gap-filled carbon balance (Hyytiälä Scots pine) g per m 2 = 10 kg per ha
16 Forest site Hyytiälä TER=NEE 16 Kolari et al. 2009
17 Hyytiälä energy fluxes EC Launiainen et al
18 Weekly average NEE, pine forest, Hyytiälä S. Launiainen
19 EC vs. growth (NPP) matches for beech (Germany) NEP [g m -2 ] R² = 0.19 Interannual variation similar 100 Proportion compared to 2012 (%) M + F M Year Hainich NP wood NPP NEE M + F ? M What does explain years with smaller sinks? M = Big seed production F = Cold when leaves produced Mathias Herbst
20 Carbon balance in Hyytiälä pine forest GPP (EC) g C m-2 - = TER (EC) g C m-2 NEP (EC) g C m-2 Tree photosynthesis 900 g C m -2 Photosynthesis of ground vegetation Annual tree growth above ground 200 g C m -2 Carbon stock in trees 6800 g C m g C m -2 Tree litter production above ground 75 g C m -2 Stem respiration 60 g C m -2 Canopy respiration 250 g C m -2 Soil CO 2 efflux 575 g C m -2 (522) Tree litter production below ground 150 g C m -2 Ground vegetation litter production above and below ground 66 g C m -2 Tree growth below ground 50 g C m -2 Root and rhizosphere respiration soil organic matter Decomposition of 200 g C m g C m -2 Soil carbon stock~ 6560 g C m -2
21
22
23 METHANE and WETLANDS
24 Methane (CH 4 ) Siikaneva fen, Hyytiälä satellite site, Southern Finland
25 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CH 4 moss layer aerobic zone org-c water level CH 4 anaerobic zone T. Riutta
26 CO 2 CO 2 CH 4 CO 2 CO 2 CH 4 moss layer aerobic zone org-c water level CH 4 org-c anaerobic zone
27 CO 2 CO 2 CH 4 CO 2 CO 2 CH 4 moss layer aerobic zone org-c water level CH 4 org-c anaerobic zone
28 Methane production and oxidation (Diffusive) transport in peat and plants Bubble formation (heterogeneous nucleation?) and release to the atmosphere
29 CH4 flux peat temperature regression
30 Carbon balance of Siikaneva fen, about 1/5 of that for Hyytiälä forest gcm -2 a -1 CO CH Total C 41 J. Rinne
31 LAKES
32 Freshwaters in global carbon cycle Regnier et al. 2013
33 Lake Valkea-Kotinen, Southern Finland A. Ojala
34 Physical bottleneck for gas transfer Turbulent transport in air pco 2-atm Molecular sub-layer diffusion in air Molecular s-l diff. in water pco 2-water Turbulent transport in water Gas transfer coeff. k A. Rutgersson
35 Single lake fluxes are heterogenous in space and time! We need method development to ensure representative data! Examples for CH 4 : 1.Diffusive flux from wind exposed central parts (Schilder et al. 2013). 2.Shallow water with high ebullition (Bastviken et al. 2004). 3.High plant mediated flux (Bergström et al. 2007). 4.Hot spot zones with high sediment deposition (DelSontro et al. 2012) D. Bastviken
36 Small vs. large lakes: EC footprints (source areas), advection and wind shear vs. convection (k) Markfort et al., 2014, Env. Fluid Mech.
37 EC over rivers Huotari et al., JGR, 2013
38 URBAN SURFACE
39 Measurement sites and measurements in Helsinki a) SMEAR III station (since 2005) Q H, Q E, F c and F p using EC technique Basic meteorology Weather radar EC campaign for N2O and CO Built Vegetation Road A.-J. Kieloaho b) Erottaja firestation (Jul 2010 Jan 2011) Q H, Q E, F c and F p using EC Radiation, T surf (FMI) c) Hotel Torni(since Sep 2010 ) Q H, Q E, F c and F p using EC T surf
40 CO2 flux and traffic density in Kumpula Campus
41 Meta-analysis of Net Urban Exchange vs. vegetation land-use fraction Nordbo et al., GRL
42 Comparison of 3 different surfaces Average diurnal courses in June 2009
43 N
44 Published in Nature.although everybody knows. Mangani et al.
45 Korhonen et al., Biogeosci. Disc.
46 On databases
47 FLUXNET is probably the largest geophysical experiment in Earth and the application and potential information contained in the collected data goes beyond the individual sites. D. Papale Astrophysicists have Hubble, nuclear physicists have CERN, biogeochemists have FLUXNET. a reviewer of Nature paper (Valentini et al., 2000)
48 Petrescu et al. PNAS in press
49 You, the researhers/students, are the end-users of the data; you can also actively affect how well the data is used Remember that the whole ICOS-Europe is available Kuva: Sakari Uusitalo
EC FLUXES: BASIC CONCEPTS AND BACKGROUND. Timo Vesala (thanks to e.g. Samuli Launiainen and Ivan Mammarella)
EC FLUXES: BASIC CONCEPTS AND BACKGROUND Timo Vesala (thanks to e.g. Samuli Launiainen and Ivan Mammarella) Scales of meteorological processes: Synoptic scale, ~ 1000 km (weather predictions, ~ day) Mesoscale,
EC FLUXES: BASIC CONCEPTS AND BACKGROUND. Timo Vesala (thanks to e.g. Samuli Launiainen and Ivan Mammarella)
EC FLUXES: BASIC CONCEPTS AND BACKGROUND Timo Vesala (thanks to e.g. Samuli Launiainen and Ivan Mammarella) Scales of meteorological processes: Synoptic scale, ~ 1000 km (weather predictions, 3-7days)
BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS. Timo Vesala University of Helsinki Department of Physics Division of Atmospheric Sciences
BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS Timo Vesala University of Helsinki Department of Physics Division of Atmospheric Sciences Background: Grand Challenges Climate change Volcanoes Energy Global warming Epidemic
Biosphere-atmosphere interactions
Biosphere-atmosphere interactions IVAN MAMMARELLA Department of Physics, University of Helsinki Biosphere-atmosphere interactions The group activities focus on 1) micrometeorological methods for estimating
Eddy covariance measurements of energy and CO 2 fluxes over a boreal lake in southern Finland
Lake Workshop, 18-20 September 2012, Helsinki Eddy covariance measurements of energy and CO 2 fluxes over a boreal lake in southern Finland Ivan Mammarella 1, Ü. Rannik 1, S. Haapanala 1, A. Nordbo 1,
Peatland Carbon Stocks and Fluxes:
Peatland Carbon Stocks and Fluxes: monitoring, measurements and modelling Dr Andreas Heinemeyer ah126@york.ac.uk University of York, Stockholm Environment Institute UNFCCC 24 th October 2013 South Africa:
The Carbon Cycle: Global to local. Ruth Varner, PhD
The Carbon Cycle: Global to local Ruth Varner, PhD Atmospheric CO 2 at Mauna Loa Keeling, C.D. and T.P. Whorf. 2004. Atmospheric CO 2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling An Impeccable Record of
Vulnerability of Primary Production to Climate Extremes Lessons from the 2003 heatwave in Europe
Vulnerability of Primary Production to Climate Extremes Lessons from the 2003 heatwave in Europe Ph. Ciais, M. Reichstein, N. Viovy A. Granier, J. Ogée, V. Allard, M. Aubinet, Chr. Bernhofer, A. Carrara,
Lake studies on CO 2 utilizing direct flux measurements (EC)
Lake studies on CO 2 utilizing direct flux measurements (EC) Dr Anne Ojala University of Helsinki Department of Environmental Sciences Lake SMEAR Timo Vesala, Jukka Pumpanen, Jaana Bäck Utö ICOS April
The integrated ecology, biogeochemistry, and hydrology of the terrestrial biosphere an earth system model perspective
The integrated ecology, biogeochemistry, and hydrology of the terrestrial biosphere an earth system model perspective Gordon Bonan National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado 1 March 2011
Impact of fire on the carbon cycle of Australian savannas
Impact of fire on the carbon cycle of Australian savannas Jason Beringer,, Lindsay Hutley, Amanda Lynch, Klaus Gorgen,, Nigel Tapper, Steve Seims,, et al. Overview North Australian Savannas Research questions
Asian Greenhouse Gases Budgets
International workshop on Asian Greenhouse Gases Budgets Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India 27-29 September 2011 Pep Canadell*, Prabir Patra *CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Canberra,
Arctic ecosystems as key biomes in climate-carbon feedback. Hanna Lee Climate and Global Dynamics Division National Center for Atmospheric Research
Arctic ecosystems as key biomes in climate-carbon feedback Hanna Lee Climate and Global Dynamics Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Outline Permafrost carbon Permafrost carbon-climate feedback
Representing permafrost affected ecosystems in the CLM: An example of incorporating empirical ideas into the CLM
Representing permafrost affected ecosystems in the CLM: An example of incorporating empirical ideas into the CLM Hanna Lee Climate and Global Dynamics Division National Center for Atmospheric Research
Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
E Stuart Chapin III Pamela A. Matson Harold A. Mooney Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology Illustrated by Melissa C. Chapin With 199 Illustrations Teehnische Un.fversitSt Darmstadt FACHBEREIGH 10
PLANT-MEDIATED METHANE AND CANOPY EXCHANGE IN A BOREAL UPLAND FOREST
Department of Agricultural Sciences & Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research INAR, University of Helsinki PLANT-MEDIATED METHANE AND CANOPY EXCHANGE IN A BOREAL UPLAND FOREST Mari Pihlatie,
Land Modeling II - Biogeochemistry: Ecosystem Modeling and Land Use Dr. Peter Lawrence
Land Modeling II - Biogeochemistry: Ecosystem Modeling and Land Use Dr. Peter Lawrence Project Scientist Terrestrial Science Section Climate and Global Dynamics Division (With thanks to TSS and IAM groups
Extensions of TerrSysMP-CO 2 to resolve dynamic processes induced by tall vegetation
Extensions of TerrSysMP-CO 2 to resolve dynamic processes induced by tall vegetation Markus Übel and Andreas Bott Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn TerrSysMP-CO 2 model domain General Meeting,
Figure 1. Location of research sites in the Ameriflux network (from Ameriflux web site,
CONTEXT - AMERIFLUX NETWORK Figure 1. Location of research sites in the Ameriflux network (from Ameriflux web site, http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/). AMERIFLUX OBJECTIVES: Quantify spatial and temporal
Recent carbon trends and the fate of the natural sink
Recent carbon trends and the fate of the natural sink Biosphere between sink & source 22.01.2008 Johannes Enssle GCM 2007 Student presentation Physical Fundamentals of Global Change Content 1. Recent global
Success and Failure of Implementing Data-driven Upscaling Using Flux Networks and Remote Sensing
Success and Failure of Implementing Data-driven Upscaling Using Flux Networks and Remote Sensing Jingfeng Xiao Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire FLUXNET and Remote Sensing Open
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is an effort to create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests,
Carbon Cycling CCT GENERAL QUESTION 6: How do changing freshwater inflows, tidal and storm cycles, and climate patterns affect the magnitude, rates, and pathways of C sequestration, loss, storage, and
The role of the biosphere for the carbon cycle in a changing climate
GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION FOR TEACHERS (GIFT) WORKSHOP EGU General Assembly, Vienna, April 2008 The role of the biosphere for the carbon cycle in a changing climate (Principles Factors Models Uncertainties)
Introduction to Climate Science
Introduction to Climate Science Vegetation and the Carbon Cycle Mike Unsworth Atmospheric Science Outline: Global carbon budget : role of vegetation How does weather and climate affect vegetation? How
PERMAFROST MELTING AND CLIMATE CHANGE
CAPTURE PERMAFROST MELTING AND CLIMATE CHANGE CHRISTINA BIASI et al. Department of Environmental and Biological Science UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND ARKTIKO2017 9.-10.5.2017 Oulu, Finland Estimated 1035±150
Ecosystem science perspectives on boreal forests and climate change mitigation. Sean C. Thomas Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto
Ecosystem science perspectives on boreal forests and climate change mitigation Sean C. Thomas Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto Differing visions of the role of forests on C sequestration and
Regulation of water fluxes by dry-land forest ecosystem
Regulation of water fluxes by dry-land forest ecosystem Weizmann Institute of Science Eyal Rotenberg, Gabriel Schiller*, Tongbao Lin,, Kadmiel Maseyk, Naama Raz Yaseef, Ilya Gelfand, Ruth Ben Mair and
Forest Sensitivity to Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 and its Relevance to Carbon Management
Forest Sensitivity to Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 and its Relevance to Carbon Management Richard J. Norby Oak Ridge National Laboratory Aspen Global Change Institute October 19, 2001 Trees that are planted
Interactions between C and N cycles in terrestrial ecosystems: progress and uncertainties
Interactions between C and N cycles in terrestrial ecosystems: progress and uncertainties M. Mencuccini School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh (UK) OUTLINE Brief review of N cycle and links to C
Quantifying CO 2 fluxes of boreal forests in Northern Eurasia
Quantifying CO 2 fluxes of boreal forests in Northern Eurasia Integrated analyses of in-situ eddy flux tower, remote sensing and biogeochemical model Xiangming Xiao Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans
CARBON, GREENHOUSE GASES, AND HOW WE MEASURE THEM
CARBON, GREENHOUSE GASES, AND HOW WE MEASURE THEM Mila Bristow ENV1 Lecture 215 Mila.Bristow@nt.gov.au http://www.nt.gov.au/d/primary_industry/index.cfm?header=action%2on%2the%2ground Quiz 1. What are
Introduction of Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station
Introduction of Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station Dinghushan Station Chinese Academy of Sciences Bayreuth, Germany 2010-04-13 Outline Location of Dinghushan History of Long-term ecological research
Net Radiation Incident at the Surface
EO 01 Terrestrial Ecosystem Processes Terrestrial Ecosystem Processes Energy Balance Net Radiation Incident at the Surface R n = K ( 1 α) + ( εl εσt s ) K αk L εσt s Soil Heat Flux () Upward and downward
Green-House-Gas budget of constructed wetlands: Understanding the sources to maximize benefits Principal Investigator: Gil Bohrer
Green-House-Gas budget of constructed wetlands: Understanding the sources to maximize benefits Principal Investigator: Gil Bohrer Abstract Fixed nitrogen (N) is required for the growth for all biological
Harmosnow joint event
Harmosnow joint event Rui Salgado and Miguel Potes Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Portugal Maria Provenzale and Ivan Mammarella Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
Modeling Mangrove Ecosystem Carbon Budgets Using Eddy Covariance and Satellite based Products
Modeling Mangrove Ecosystem Carbon Budgets Using Eddy Covariance and Satellite based Products Jordan G Barr 1, Vic Engel 1, Jose D Fuentes 2, Greg Okin 3 1 South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades
Simulation of mesoscale patterns and diurnal variations of atmospheric CO 2 mixing ratios with the model system TerrSysMP-CO 2
Simulation of mesoscale patterns and diurnal variations of atmospheric CO 2 mixing ratios with the model system TerrSysMP-CO 2 CarboCount-CH final meeting Markus Übel Meteorological Institute, University
Carbon, Part 3, Net Ecosystem Production
Carbon, Part 3, Net Ecosystem Production Carbon Balance of Ecosystems NEP,NPP, GPP Seasonal Dynamics of Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes Carbon Flux Partitioning Chain-saw and Shovel Ecology Dennis Baldocchi ESPM
Water Science and the Environment
Water Science and the Environment HWRS 201 Dr. Zreda Mr. Ghasemian Fall 2015 Surface Evaporation: Overview Evaporation is a process that transfers energy from the Earth s surface to the atmosphere. Some
Permafrost-climate feedbacks in CESM/CLM
Permafrost-climate feedbacks in CESM/CLM David Lawrence Andrew Slater 2, Sean Swenson 1, Charlie Koven 3, Bill Riley 3, Zack Subin 3, Hanna Lee 1 and the CESM LMWG 1 NCAR Earth System Lab, Boulder, CO
Investigating Land Use Land Cover Change in CESM. Peter Lawrence Project Scientist Terrestrial Science Section Climate and Global Dynamics Division
Investigating Land Use Land Cover Change in CESM Peter Lawrence Project Scientist Terrestrial Science Section Climate and Global Dynamics Division (With thanks to TSS and IAM groups for their many contributions)
This presentation is on the value of reducing emissions and enhancing removals of greenhouse gases related to land use and land cover change in
This presentation is on the value of reducing emissions and enhancing removals of greenhouse gases related to land use and land cover change in tropical wetland forests. 1 The objective of this presentation
The science of the Kyoto protocol
The science of the Kyoto protocol Vicky Pope Hadley Centre with lots of help from Climate Chemistry and Ecosystem group ECMWF seminar September 2005 Page 1 Outline Kyoto protocol Observations relevant
Dynamic Regional Carbon Budget Based on Multi-Scale Data-Model Fusion
Dynamic Regional Carbon Budget Based on Multi-Scale Data-Model Fusion Mingkui Cao, Jiyuan Liu, Guirui Yu Institute Of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Toward
CarboZALF and greenhouse gas emission research
CarboZALF and greenhouse gas emission research Jürgen Augustin Müncheberg, March 17th 2010 Role of terrestrial biosphere in the anthropogenic carbon cycle is unclear (reduced sink efficiency?) fossil fuel
Decoding the station symbols see Appendix of textbook
EAS270, 12 Sept. 2016. Continuing Chapter 2. EAS270_Ch2_Composition_Structure_B.odp JDW, EAS U.Alberta, last mod. 11 Sept. 2016 Today's main topic: biogeochemical cycles of O2, CO2 and H2O But first what
Urbanizing the Community Earth System Model (CESM): Overview and Applications. Keith Oleson
Urbanizing the Community Earth System Model (CESM): Overview and Applications Keith Oleson NCAR Earth System Laboratory Climate and Global Dynamics Division Terrestrial Sciences Section Collaborators:
Effects of Land Use On Climate and Water Resources: Application of a Land Surface Model for Land Use Management
Effects of Land Use On Climate and Water Resources: Application of a Land Surface Model for Land Use Management Gordon Bonan, PI National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado Personnel Supported:
Factors affecting evaporation 3/16/2010. GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology. Several factors affect the rate of evaporation from surfaces:
GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology Some definitions Evaporation conversion of a liquid to a vapour Transpiration that part of evaporation which enters the atmosphere through plants Total Evaporation
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle, Part 1
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle, Part 1 Dennis Baldocchi Ecosystem Science Division/ESPM University of California, Berkeley 3/11/2013 NBP NEP GPP NPP R h R a Schulze, 2006 Biogeosciences 1 Terms and Units Gross
Conclusions and future directions
Chapter 4 Conclusions and future directions 4.1 Summary of this work 4.1.1 Canopy-scale model A canopy model combining biochemical and inverse Lagrangian approaches has been presented. Source distributions
Water Budget II: Evapotranspiration P = Q + ET + G + ΔS
Water Budget II: Evapotranspiration P = Q + ET + G + ΔS Evaporation Transfer of H 2 O from liquid to vapor phase Diffusive process driven by Saturation (vapor density) gradient ~ (ρ s ρ a ) Aerial resistance
Major Feedbacks originating from Northern Eurasia that are of global change concern
Major Feedbacks originating from Northern Eurasia that are of global change concern Guy P. Brasseur National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, CO Regions of Strong Influences on the Global Earth
Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity - introduction
TNPP Lancaster Dec 2013 Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity - introduction E Tipping Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster UK Background In current UK-based research projects within the NERC BESS and
Carbon and Water Cycles in Tropical Rainforests
Date: 20-Jan-2018 RCYCLE: Teaching Materials Author: Bob Digby Carbon and Water Cycles in Tropical Rainforests Guidance Notes for Teachers This is one of two programmes produced by Pumpkin Interactive
Coupling soil and canopy processes to. moisture uptake and hydraulic
2008 CPPA PIs Meeting Climate Prediction Program for the Americas Coupling soil and canopy processes to nutrient dynamics: impacts of root moisture uptake and hydraulic redistribution Praveen Kumar Darren
Dennis Baldocchi, Sara Knox, Cove Sturtevant, Laurie Koteen, Jaclyn Hatala, Joe Verfaillie
Exploring Methane and Carbon Dioxide Exchange from Agricultural and Wetland Land Use Classes in the Sacramento San Joaquin Peatland Delta in California Dennis Baldocchi, Sara Knox, Cove Sturtevant, Laurie
Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange of Mangroves: Complexities in Developing Global Budgets
Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange of Mangroves: Complexities in Developing Global Budgets Robert R. Twilley Victor Rivera-Monroy Edward Castaneda Department of Oceanography and Coastal Science Louisiana State
The Integrated Carbon Observation System
The Integrated Carbon Observation System, Director General of ICOS RI, Helsinki, Europe Helsinki, 26. February 2015 The vision and the scientific mission of ICOS fundamental understanding of carbon cycle,
ileaps, Integrated Land Ecosystem Atmosphere Process Study
ileaps, Integrated Land Ecosystem Atmosphere Process Study Hans Christen Hansson, Stockholm University, Sweden Eleanor Blyth, CEH, UK Co-Chairs of ileaps ILEAPS past and future Atmosphere Biosphere Anthroposphere
Forest carbon allocation as a determinant of net primary productivity. Ivan Janssens
Forest carbon allocation as a determinant of net primary productivity Ivan Janssens 4. Take home messages: 1. Variation in forest GPP* is predominantly climate-controlled, In contrast: variation in NPP**/GPP
Carbon Dioxide, Alkalinity and ph
Carbon Dioxide, Alkalinity and ph OCN 62 Chemical Oceanography Reading: Libes, Chapter 15, pp. 8 94 (Remainder of chapter: Biogenic production, carbonate saturation and sediment distributions ) 1. CO 2
GEOG 402. Forests and Clearings
GEOG 402 Forests and Clearings Microclimate DEFORESTATION What difference does it make when forest is cleared? Forests differ from cleared land in two hydrologically-significant ways. Forests promote:
Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils a global perspective
Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils a global perspective PD Dr. Werner Eugster, Prof. Nina Buchmann Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich 1 Outline Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural
Modeling CO2 and CH4 Emissions in the Arctic
Modeling CO2 and CH4 Emissions in the Arctic Qianlai Zhuang Departments of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences and Agronomy Serreze et al., 2000, Climatic Change Ecosystems in Northern High Latitudes Large vulnerable
The Earth s Global Energy Balance
The Earth s Global Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Insolation over the Globe World Latitude Zones Composition of the Atmosphere Sensible Heat and Latent Heat Transfer The Global Energy System
Wombat Flux Supersite
Wombat Flux Supersite Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science Nina Hinko Najera, Anne Griebel, Benedikt Fest, Julio Najera Umana, Steve Livesley, Stefan Arndt Whroo & Wombat two nodes of the Victorian
Forests to the Climate System. Eyal Rotenberg and Dan Yakir
Contribution of Semi-Arid Forests to the Climate System Eyal Rotenberg and Dan Yakir Outline Background Objectives Method Results and interpretation Critique of their Interpretation Background Desertification
Global. Carbon Trends. Pep Canadell Global Carbon Project CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Canberra, Australia
Global Carbon Trends Pep Canadell Global Carbon Project CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Canberra, Australia Outline 1. Recent Trends 2. Perturbation Budget 3. Sink Efficiency 4. Attribution 5. Processes
Figure by Railsback, h2p:// Surface charges and adsorb4on
Figure by Railsback, h2p://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/fundamentals/8150goldich&bondstreng06ls.pdf Surface charges and adsorb4on Borrowed from Paul Schroeder, Uga h2p://clay.uga.edu/courses/8550/ 1 aridisol
Outline. Modelling C sequestration in grasslands. in the context of a full greenhouse gas inventory. 1. Carbon sequestration in European grasslands
C sequestration workshop, FAO, Rome, 15-17 April 29 Modelling C sequestration in grasslands in the context of a full greenhouse gas inventory Outline 1. Carbon sequestration in European grasslands Jean-François
Weather, Climate and Wetlands: Understanding the Terms and Definitions
Weather, Climate and Wetlands: Understanding the Terms and Definitions Jan Pokorný and Hanna Huryna Contents Introduction... 1 Solar Energy Flux Between Sun and Earth... 4 Main Fluxes of Solar Energy in
Regional trends in land use/land cover change emissions of CO 2 in Asia
Regional trends in land use/land cover change emissions of CO 2 in Asia Leonardo Calle, Benjamin Poulter, Prabir Patra N.S.F. USA East Asia Pacific Summer Institute (EAPSI) Japan Society of the Promotion
Class IX Chapter 14 Natural Resources Science
Question 1: How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars? Earth s atmosphere is different from those of Venus and Mars. This difference lies essentially in their compositions.
Guide 34. Ecosystem Ecology: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles. p://www.mordantorange.com/blog/archives/comics_by_mike_bannon/mordant_singles/0511/
Guide 34 Ecosystem Ecology: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles p://www.mordantorange.com/blog/archives/comics_by_mike_bannon/mordant_singles/0511/ Overview: Ecosystems, Energy, and Matter An ecosystem consists
Inputs. Outputs. Component/store. Section of a system where material or energy is held. Something that enters the system (material or energy)
.. Inputs Something that enters the system (material or energy) Outputs Something that leaves the system (material or energy) Component/store Section of a system where material or energy is held Transfer/flow
Green Week Air quality & ecosystems status update
Green Week 2013 6.2. Air quality & ecosystems status update Ozone pollution: Impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity Harry Harmens 1, Gina Mills 1, Lisa Emberson 2, Patrick Büker 2 1 ICP Vegetation
Climate impacts of forest bioenergy: issues of scale
1 Climate impacts of forest bioenergy: issues of scale Francesco Cherubini, Ryan Bright, Anders H. Strømman Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
From climate models to earth system models: the stomatal paradigm and beyond
From climate models to earth system models: the stomatal paradigm and beyond Gordon Bonan National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado, USA Academy Colloquium Stomatal conductance through
Seasonal and inter-annual variation of CO 2 flux and concentration in Basel
Seasonal and inter-annual variation of CO 2 flux and concentration in Basel 10 years of CO 2 measurements in an urban environment 1) measurements and methods 2) typical cycles - seasonal and inter-annual
C-N-H 2 O fluxes observations in ChinaFLUX
C-N-H 2 O fluxes observations in ChinaFLUX Shuli Niu, Guirui Yu & ChinaFlux members Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Outlines 1. C-N-H 2 O
Overview of Carbon Dioxideand d Methane Cycle Research
Liukang Xu LI COR Biosciences, Lincoln Nebraska 68504 USA Overview of Carbon Dioxideand d Methane Cycle Research Apr 18, 2013 at 南京信息工程大学 Discussion Topics Climate change and global warming Causes of climate
The role of freshwater ecosystems in carbon and nutrient cycling on the catchment scale. LSUE external launch Steven Bouillon
The role of freshwater ecosystems in carbon and nutrient cycling on the catchment scale LSUE external launch Steven Bouillon Why are freshwater ecosystems important? CO 2 efflux 0.8 Pg C y -1 ~1.9 Pg C
Distributed Mapping of SNTHERM-Modelled Snow Properties for Monitoring Seasonal Freeze/Thaw Dynamics
58th EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2001 Distributed Mapping of SNTHERM-Modelled Snow Properties for Monitoring Seasonal Freeze/Thaw Dynamics JANET P. HARDY 1, KYLE MCDONALD 2, ROBERT
Biogeochemistry of C
Biogeochemistry of C NREM 665 CO 2 CO 2 CH 4 diffusion & ebullition CO 2 Organic-C accretion DOC CH 4 methanogenesis C Biogeochemistry I.Forms of C in WTLs & Coastal Ecosystems Molecule Oxidation State
Alexander Olchev. IPEE RAS, Moscow
Application of a process-based Mixfor-SVAT model to estimate a possible response of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange and evapotranspiration of boreal forest ecosystems to climate changes Alexander Olchev IPEE
Land Cover Change in CLM4. Dr. Peter Lawrence
Land Cover Change in CLM4 Dr. Peter Lawrence Project Scientist Terrestrial Science Section Climate and Global Dynamics Division (With thanks to TSS group for their many contributions) Slide 1 - Title Land
Significance of long-term environmental and physiological records for understanding and predicting forest ecosystem function Annikki Mäkelä
Significance of long-term environmental and physiological records for understanding and predicting forest ecosystem function Annikki Mäkelä Overarching question How do we gain understanding about forest
Observations of the terrestrial carbon cycle
Observations of the terrestrial carbon cycle Shaun Quegan ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Lecture content Measuring the global C balance and its components Atmospheric observations of CO2 Using satellite
CALIFORNIA EDUCATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE
Water Vapor: A GHG Lesson 3 page 1 of 2 Water Vapor: A GHG Water vapor in our atmosphere is an important greenhouse gas (GHG). On a cloudy day we can see evidence of the amount of water vapor in our atmosphere.
Next 3 weeks. Last week of class (03/10+03/12): Student presentations. Papers due on Monday March 9.
Next 3 weeks Tu 2/24: Terrestrial CO 2 uptake (LJ) Th 2/26: Paper discussion (Solomon et al., Irreversible climate change due to CO 2 emissions, 2009, PNAS) Tu 3/3: Geoengineering (JS+LJ) Th 3/5: Geoengineering
Ecosystems. Trophic relationships determine the routes of energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems.
AP BIOLOGY ECOLOGY ACTIVITY #5 Ecosystems NAME DATE HOUR An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a community as well as all the abiotic factors with which they interact. The dynamics of an
Disturbance, albedo, and radiative forcing
Disturbance, albedo, and radiative forcing Thomas L. O Halloran 1*, Beverly E. Law 1, Zhuosen Wang 2, Jordan G. Barr 3, Crystal Schaaf 2, Mathew Brown 4, Michael L. Goulden 5, José D. Fuentes 6, Mathias
The Hydrosphere: Lecture 7: Evapotranspiration. Paul R. Houser,27 March 2012, Page 1
The Hydrosphere: Lecture 7: Evapotranspiration Paul R. Houser,27 March 2012, Page 1 Evapotranspiration evapotranspiration summarizes all processes that return liquid water back into water vapor evaporation
Atul Jain University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Brian O Neill, NCAR 2010 LCLUC Spring Science Team Meeting Bethesda, MD April 20-22, 2010 Land-Use Change and Associated Changes in Biogeochemical and Biophysical Processes in Monsoon Asian Region (MAR)
The climate impact of forestry extends beyond its carbon budget. Sebastiaan Luyssaert
The climate impact of forestry extends beyond its carbon budget Sebastiaan Luyssaert Paris Agreement Article 2 Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 C above pre-industrial
Carbon cycle. C on earth Main reservoirs Fluxes between the reservoirs Human impacts Past and present cycles
Carbon cycle C on earth Main reservoirs Fluxes between the reservoirs Human impacts Past and present cycles tools Key element of life Organic chemicals 7 isotopes- 12 and 13 Stable Rest radioactive C14
Land Ecosystems and Climate a modeling perspective
Land Ecosystems and Climate a modeling perspective Samuel Levis Community Land Model Science Liaison Terrestrial Sciences Section, CGD, ESSL, NCAR 12 August 2009 Why the Land? the land surface is a critical
7.014 Lecture 20: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 2007
Global Nutrient Cycling - Biogeochemical Cycles 7.14 Lecture 2: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 27 Uptake Bioelements in Solution Weathering Precipitation Terrestrial Biomass Decomposition Volatile Elements
Climate: describes the average condition, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods in a given area
Ch. 6 - Biomes Section 6.1: Defining Biomes Biome: a group of ecosystems that share similar biotic and abiotic conditions, large region characterized by a specific type of climate, plants, and animals