joint Environmental Emergency Preparedness Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit Emilia Wahlström Programme Officer Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit

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1 Environmental Emergency Preparedness Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit joint Emilia Wahlström Programme Officer Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit OCHA Emergency Services Branch Geneva, Switzerland

2 Preparedness 1. Environmental Emergency Risk Index 2. Thematic Preparedness Work 3. Environmental Emergencies Centre

3 Environmental Emergency Risk Index (EERI) Background Global risk models Way to prioritize support Caveats Simplicity Validation underway Draft: work in progress Not the whole answer

4 Environmental Emergency Risk Index (EERI) Captures 2 NEW elements: Technological Hazards Environmental Vulnerability Builds on what is already available (InfoRM). Provides a wide global perspective. Permits objective classification by country. Is proactive: better than responding ad hoc to requests from countries or donors. Allows prioritization of support efforts on the basis of a systematic compilation of data.

5 Perfect The EERI is NOT will never be, but will improve as datasets are reinforced. Absolute index is merely relative, comparing countries. Static needs to be periodically updated and regularly improved with better data, understanding and techniques.

6 Intro: 8 Existing Risk Related Indices Index Space/Time Hazard Vuln. Cap. EER? InfoRM (OCHA et al) 191 countries, annual since 2008 Natural and Human Socio-econ AND Vuln Groups Institutional; Infrastructur e Sudden onset hazards and conflict: OK* Vul / capacity Partially adequate GVCA (EU/ECHO) 140 countries, Twice annually (June and Sep), since 2012 Crisis/Forgot ten Crisis 4 categories See V Hazards: No Vul/Cap: Partially adequate* Global Risk Platform (PREVIEW / UNEP-GRID) Global, annual since GDP / Urban Exposure See V Hazards: Adequate** Vul/Cap: No NB: DATA IS RASTER / GRIDDED, Not usable at country level Global Analysis of Risk (GAR), UNISDR Global, every 2 years since (probabilistic ) Global Exposure Database; "Urban Prod. Capital, ecovalue assets See V Hazards: Probablistic has potential advantages Vul/Cap: Urban interesting Environmental Performance Index (EPI), YALE 132 countries; Annually since 2000 X 22 performance indicators in 10 policy categories tracking environmental health and ecosystem vitality Hazards: strong environment component Vul/Cap: No GAIN, Global Adaptation Institute 192 countries, ; CC, rainfall, temperature s, disease, 36 indicators regarding sensitivity 14 ind. On readiness Hazards: strong for climate Vul/Cap: Maybe, World Risk Index (WRI); Germany- UNU Global, annual since 2012 Previewmodel 4 hazards See 2pp Global, annual summary since Risk Preparation Index (RPI), WB HDR 2012 Sanitation, malnutrition, poverty Corrup, Gov, Hospitals X See Capacity Schools, Immmunizati on Hazards: SLR? Hazards: No Vul/Cap: to consider

7 Methodology: Framework EER = Hazards/threats (H) (events) + Vulnerability (V) (condition) + Capacity (C) (condition, resources) 3 Domains Conceptual Function of H, V, C

8 EERI Elements An environmental emergency is defined as a sudden onset disaster or accident resulting from natural, technological or human-induced factors, or a combination of these, that cause or threaten to cause severe environmental damage as well as harm to human health and/or livelihoods. Indicators for an INDEX of Environmental Emergency Risk (EER) Hazard or Threat (H) 7 Indicators Technological Hazards (H8) Industrializa on (H1) Urbaniza on (H2) Mining (H3) Dams (H4) Rail/Road Density ( Proxy: TDG) (H5) Natural Hazards (Sudden) (I) (H6) Floods Quakes/Tsunami Storms Human Hazards (Conflict, I) (H7) Vulnerability (V) 7 Indicators Natural Resource V Forests (EPI) (V1) Water (EPI) (V2) Soil (V3) Air (EPI) (V4) Biodiversity (EPI) (V5) Human V Popula on Density (V6) Vulnerability (I) (V7) Capacity (C ) 3 Indicators Environmental Performance Index (EPI) (Hlth & Vitality) (C1) Capacity (I) (C2) (Ins tu onal and Infrastructure) Corrup on (C3) (Proxy: Gov.) LEGEND (I): Extracted from InfoRM (EPI): Extracted from EPI : Available in other sets

9 Compiling Candidate Indicators Criteria for candidacy: o GLOBAL COVERAGE o GEOGRAPHIC RESOLUTION (National) o TEMPORAL RESOLUTION (updated every 3-5 yrs) o SMART o OPENNESS (public) o TRANSPARENCY (sources, methods available) o FLEXIBILITY (standalone and as part of index) Identified 17 candidate indicators * See Datapack.doc [19pp] & Datapack.xls

10 Analysis Steps

11 Linear Aggregation Geometric Aggregation Preliminary Results South Sudan Somalia Chad Haiti Congo, Democratic Republic of Yemen Papua New Guinea Guinea Bissau Korea Dem.People's Rep. Afghanistan East Timor Niger Uganda Guinea Togo Ethiopia Burundi Cambodia Mali Mozambique Benin Eritrea Comoros South Sudan Somalia Chad Congo, Democratic Republic of Yemen Guinea Bissau Haiti Papua New Guinea Guinea Afghanistan East Timor Togo Korea Dem.People's Rep. Uganda Nauru Mali Burundi Ethiopia Niger Cambodia Marshall Islands Sierra Leone Central African Republic Comoros Madagascar Missing data sets Linear. Agg only

12 Preliminary Results (24 Ranked in Top Linear AND Geometric Aggregation)

13 Exposure to: Industrial Hazards (20%)

14 All-Hazard Exposure (40%) (Industrial, Natural and Human)

15 Vulnerability (30%) (Environmental & Human)

16 Capacity 30% (InfoRM)

17 Steps ahead Regional validation with students from Lund University Deciding who / how often to update Under preparation: Final Report Using the index: engagement criteria to address requests from countries low on the EER index Linking to other indices

18 EERI: Discussion Use (JEU and/or external) Update and improvement Partner involvement UNEP, OECD, UNIDO For consideration Should JEU and SAGEE advocate for the EERI; for inclusion of technological hazards and environmental vulnerabilities into humanitarian risk indices; for EERI use in prioritization? What are the entry points for JEU for providing support within the different risk elements? For example: mapping hazards, decreasing or informing about vulnerabilities, developing institutional capacities)?

19 JEU Project Document: EE Preparedness Timeframe: March 2014 February 2016 Budget: US$ 1.8 million; 25 % secured Three components: 1. Integration of environmental emergency considerations into key global disaster preparedness tools. 2. Support to those countries that are most at risk of environmental emergencies. 3. Further development and promotion of the Environmental Emergencies Centre.

20 JEU Project Document: EE Preparedness Geographical scope (3 regions): Caucasus, Central Asia Middle East / North Africa (tbc) Asia Pacific (tbc) Southern Africa (tbc) Central and Western Africa (tbc) Ongoing Consultations with regional offices (EERI) Links with ongoing initiatives First phase: Caucasus and Central Asia

21 Discussion: EE Preparedness Project SAGEE support Partnerships, resources, liaison, networks Joint UNEP/OCHA fundraising in Nairobi / Geneva Opportunities Key partners Next steps and commitments

22 Thematic Preparedness Work: CBRN The various approaches to CBRN Studies Inter-agency coordination OPG on CBRN IACRNE Awareness humanitarianresponse.info For Discussion Involvement and need for additional resources

23 Thematic Preparedness Work: Climate Change Global policy; HFA2, SDGs, Paris 2015, Hum. summit Climate change disaster risk reduction For Discussion Entry points? Loss and damage?

24 Thematic Preparedness Work: Ind. Acc. Inter-agency coordination; interagency group, OECD FEAT update Natech work; collaboration with UNEP DEWA, EU JRC, OECD For Discussion Involvement Need for additional resources

25 Environmental Emergencies Centre (EEC) Virtual one-stop-shop for environmental emergency preparedness Extensive resources database Moderated discussion forum Online training series (5 modules) Learning Management System Events & latest news Global community (International Governance / Networks) Comment / ratings system

26 EEC: Discussion New look eec live since April 2013 ~ 500 elearning users, across 58 countries Next steps: o o o o o Completion of final technical developments (LMS); Development and implementation of advocacy, communications & maintenance strategy; Translation of elearning modules; General maintenance of LMS, events system, latest news and resources database; Moderation of discussion forum; For consideration Additional resources Knowledge Manager and Training Specialist

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joint Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit At Environmental and Humanitarian Crossroads Wendy Cue Chief of Section

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