System analysis of P2G Why we need P2G?

Transcription

1 System analysis of P2G Why we need P2G? Gert Müller-Syring, Marco Henel DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH European Gas Technology Conference th -31 st May 2013, Paris

2 Agenda Motivation P2G State of Technology Challenges Future Energy Grids Outlook Conclusions 2

3 MOTIVATION - DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLES 3

4 Climate goals till 2020 initiated by EC Strategic goals concerning climate are: GHG-emissions 20% Energy consumption 20% Share of Renewables = 20% [1] 4

5 Motivation Demography Energy efficiency Structural change Factors Decentralised generation Source: RWE with adoptions of DBI 5

6 Motivation Offshore Windpower Conventional Power Plants Abandonment of Nuclear Power Plants Regional Power Balance 2008 Estimated Regional Power Balance 2030 Source: RWE Transportnetz Strom anl. FWEW Fachtagung

7 Share of Renewables (Power) in GER [2] 7

8 New Challenges for Energy Grids Standard tasks Safe, reliable, cheap and environmentally friendly New tasks Integration of renewables focussing on power Storing volatile RE (Wind, Photovoltaic) e.g. using chemical energy carrier (hydrogen/methane) Adoption of existing infrastructure is needed Information and communication technologies needs to be implemented New functionalities (e.g. demand side management and load-shifting) Combining of energy systems is mandatory intelligent energy grids = Smart Grids/Hybrid Grids Power to Gas is an essential Element of Smart Grids 8

9 P2G STATE OF TECHNOLOGY P2G 9

10 P2G State of Technology Short comparison of two paths H 2 -direct injection Technology is state of the art High efficieny Lower total CAPEX and OPEX Methane injection Higher capacity No injection restriction in terms of gas composition/quality Needed adoption are comparable to biogas injection Lower energy content in comparison to methane effect on transport and storage capacity Concentration in natural gas is restricted Gas grid adoptions are needed accordingly to H2-concentration Lower efficiency Elevated CAPEX/OPEX Higher need for technical improvement Restricted green CO 2 amounts Both technology paths are crucial for the smoot integration of Renewables via storing of power in the gas grid! 10

11 P2G State of Technology Efficiency Aspects Efficiency comparison of transport and storage paths a 11

12 P2G State of Technology Efficiency Aspects Generation, transport and storage Power-to-Gas H 2 64,1 % CHP (η = 50,8 %)* 30,4 %** + heat usage ~45 % of initial energy Generation, transport and storage Power-to-Gas CH 4 51,3 % GuD (η = 50,8 %)* 24,3 %** + heat usage ~45 % of initial energy Generation, transport and storage pumped hydro 71,5 % Transformer HS-MS-NS** 66,6 % * Relating to calorific value Condensing boiler (η = 99 %)* 63,5 % FC (PEM η = 60 %)*** + E-Motor (η = 80 %) 30,8 % Gasengine (η = 35 %) 22,0 % Condensing boiler (η = 99 %)* 50,8 % Gas engine (η = 35 %) 18,0 % ** 100 km power transport and Transformation from 380 kv to 400 / 230 V (power transport η = 0,99; 2 x η =0,97 transformation) *** without consideration of H 2 -separation E-heating (η = 100 %)** 66,6 % Li-Ion-Battery (η = 90 %) + E-drive (η = 80 %)** 47,9 % 12

13 P2G State of Technology Transport potential General values for transport capacity: power lines and gas pipes [DBI, 3*] Power Gas Currency [kv] Capacity* [MW] ND [mm] / Pressure [bar] Capacity CH 4 ** [MW] Capacity H 2 [MW, 5 Vol.-%] / / / / *Six conductor lines **One pipe but parallel pipes possible 13

14 P2G State of Technology Transport potential * * Here you see 90 bill. m³ Natural Gas that supplies Austria and Europe And a tree. [4] 14

15 CHALLENGES 15

16 Cost comparison E-Gas vs. conv. Energy carriertaxes and injection unit + pipe not included H2 aus Erdgas Erdgas Grenzübergabe CNG Tankstelle Biogas Benzin Diesel Gestehungskosten in Cent/kWh bezogen auf Brennwert Production costs ct/kwh (Hs) calorific value (1200 h H2) 0 (7000 h H2) 0 (1200 h CH4) 0 (7000 h CH4) 5 (1200 h H2) 5 (7000 h H2) 5 (1200 h CH4) 5 (7000 h CH4) 9 (1200 h H2) 9 (7000 h H2) 9 (1200 h CH4) 9 (7000 h CH4) Biogas Gasoline Diesel NG fuelling station H 2 from NG NG border price Strombezugskosten in Cent/kWh Costs for power (Electrolyser) 16

17 FUTURE ENERGY GRIDS - OUTLOOK 17

18 Future Energy Grids - Outlook flexible Loads/Storages (power) WP distribution/ mv-network Verteil-/ MS-Netz Stromeinspeisung power feed Stromweitergabe electricity transfer transmission Übertragungsnetz network IKT connection flexible Loads/ Storages (power and gas) distribution network Verteilnetz Power grid H 2 /CH H 2 /CH 4 -Einspeisung 4 -feed Verdichtung compression Druckregelung pressure regulation regional transport/ distribution network regionales Transport/ Verteilnetz transport network Ferngasnetz Hybrid Grid (Power, Gas & Fuelling stations) H 2 -Mobility UGS Gas-Mobility (Erdgas, Wasserstoff und EE-Methan) Gas-Mobilty (natural gas, hydrogen, SNG) distribution V-Gasnetz network Gas grid Fuelling Stat. EGATEC Paris

19 Future Energy Grids - Outlook Energy storage presumably will be organised by a combination of different measures. PtG should be responsible for long term storage. Source: Sterner, 2009; Specht et al,

20 CONCLUSION 20

21 Conclusion To achieve the climate goals fundamental adoptions are needed e.g. power grid extension, flexible power generation and loads, storages and energy efficiency Power to gas offer: Long term storage- and transport capacities That can contribute significantly to the integration of renewable energies and symbiosis of the energy infrastructure Power to Gas (as other elements in the Energy system as well) are hardly to operate economical under the current conditions Therefore we need experiences and conditions that enables to invest in the energy system 21

22 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Gert Müller-Syring DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH Karl-Heine-Straße 109/111 D Leipzig Tel.: (+49) Fax: (+49) Internet: 22

23 Erwartete Gestehungskosten für EE-H 2 Auf Basis durchschnittlicher Stromkosten 2011 European Energy Exchange, Mittelwert 2011: 50,72 EUR/MWh 23