Green on-site power generation

Transcription

1 14 September 2017 EEDAL 2017, Irvine, CA, USA Green on-site power generation Environmental considerations on small-scale biomass gasifier fuel-cell CHP systems for the residential sector Presented by Thomas Goetz Wuppertal Institute, Germany The project FlexiFuel-SOFC has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No

2 Introduction Why FF-SOFC? EU: Often central heating (boiler + radiators) - fossil fuels (coal, heating oil, natural gas) <> vs. sustainability targets - biomass (high quality wood pellets / wood chips) CHP so far: - Typically Large (>50 MW th ) & Medium (1-50 MW th ) range < 1 MW th (Small) biomass CHP is challenging! <> vs. large potentials: - decentralised micro-grids reduce fuel transports - widening of feedstocks non-woody, residual biomass - EE, emission reduction 2

3 EU CHP policy timeline Start Today 3

4 EU CHP policy framework Strong incentives! 4

5 Basic scheme of the novel micro-scale biomass CHP Fuel flexible small-scale fixed-bed updraft gasifier Compact gas cleaning concept SOFC (ceramic, high temperature FC) heating, DHW electricity generation 5

6 Preliminary impact assessment Focus of this presentation: - Macro-scale, EU-wide technical potentials (relevant for policy) Based on preliminary results: - market study - techno-economic analyses - environmental performance analysis Stock model based scenario analysis: Presented indicator emissions: Total Dust (TSP) and GHG 6

7 Preliminary impact assessment: Analysed applications Application A: 70 kw th / 20 kw el Hotels, enterprises, small district heating networks FF-SOFC: Non-woody biomass (Agro Pellets); 8,000 FLH el Application B: 21 kw th / 6 kw el Farms; small enterprises; micro grids Wood chips; 4,000 FLH el Application C: 40 kw th / 6 kw el Residential sector, e.g. apartment buildings Wood chips; 2,500 FLH el For each application case: Base Case (BC): Best Available Technology (BAT): Best Not Yet Available Technology (BNAT): Biomass boiler + grid electricity BAT biomass boiler + PV system FF-SOFC 7

8 Preliminary impact assessment (Medium) Stock scenario of relevant systems in EU-28 5,000,000 Units 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , APPLICATION C APPLICATION B APPLICATION A 8

9 Preliminary impact assessment Applications A, B, C combined Total net TSP emissions and stock volume in EU-28 t 250, , , ,000 50,000 5,000,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 Units BAU BAT BNAT 0 1,000, ,000 Stock volume (units) -50,000 Corridor for technical saving potential 0 9

10 Preliminary impact assessment Case study: Application A Net TSP emissions in EU-28: BNAT scenario (FF-SOFC) 35,000 30,000 25,000 BNAT t 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, ,000-10,000-15,000 BNAT fuel BNAT grid Avoided grid electricity emissions (replaced emission intensive grid capacities) Virtual negative net emissions 10

11 Preliminary impact assessment Greenhouse gas emissions Total net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions EU-28: Applications A, B, C combined 150,000, ,000,000 50,000,000 5,000,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 BAU BAT t 0 2,500, ,000,000-50,000,000 1,500,000 Units BNAT -100,000, ,000,000 1,000, ,000 0 Stock volume (units) Negative = avoided grid electricity GHG emissions 11

12 Conclusions Main drivers non-ghg emissions (TSP, CO, OGC, NO x ): BAU: fuel combustion BAT, BNAT: fuel combustion & (avoided) grid electricity emissions Main drivers GHG emission: BAU, BAT, BNAT: (avoided) grid electricity emissions High Impact relevance especially for Application A (number of systems, power range, FLH, residual biomass fuel) FF-SOFC (BNAT): significant technical emission saving potentials - vastly less emission intensive vs. traditional heating / grid electricity net emissions virtually zero or even negative 12

13 Thank you For your attention! Thomas Götz Research Group Energy, Transport and Climate Policy Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy Döppersberg 19, D Wuppertal, Germany Phone: +49 (0)

14 Novel micro-scale biomass CHP technology Want to know more on technology? Brunner, T., Ramerstorfer, C., Obernberger, I., Kerschbaum, M., Aravind, P.V., Makkus, R., Megel, S., Hauth, M., Seidl, M., Weissensteiner, S., Goetz, T., Zappa, W. (2017) Development of a Highly Efficient Micro-Scale CHP System based on Fuel-Flexible Gasification and a SOFC 25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition (2017) Paper DOI: /25thEUBCE2017-2CV