DH Internationally Arto Nuorkivi D.Sc. (Tech) energy.at.nuorkivi.fi

Transcription

1 District Heating DH Internationally Arto Nuorkivi D.Sc. (Tech) energy.at.nuorkivi.fi RICES Loppuseminaari

2 Table of Contents CHP market in general Europe China Russia North America 2

3 World Market of DH For reference: - Finland 15,3 GW - Sweden 24,8 GW 3

4 Substations with 1 or 2 functions 1: Only room space heating 2: Both space heating and domestic hot water China South Korea Serbia and some other Balkan countries Most of Europe Russia Mongolia USA and Canada 4

5 European Union 5

6 Drivers of DH European Union Policies: Preventing energy import to EU to grow from the current 50% to 70% by year 2020 Reduction of energy related emissions Drivers. Directives and energy savings targets by 2020, 20% energy consumption reduction till % share of renewable share of total primary energy by % redction in CO2 emission by 2020 Development: New member countries: Rehabilitation of extensive and old DH systems (PL, HU, RO, ) Older member countries and Norway: Fast development of DH ( DE, NO, IT, FR,..) Nordic countries and Austria: Increased fuel flexibility of modern DH systems (FI, SE, DK, AU) 6

7 CHINA 7

8 Comparison of main features: China - EU China 1. Several companies per city. CHP in separate companies 2. Only room space heating 3. Both primary and secondary networks underground 4. Lump sum billing 5. Branched networks 6. One heat source per one network months operation a year European Union 1. One company per city with DH and often with CHP as well 2. Both domestic hot water and room space heating 3. Only primary networks underground 4. Consumption based billing 5. Looped networks 6. Usually several heat sources per one network months operation a year 8

9 Two Drivers of DH and CHP 1 Elimination fo coal boilers with DH and CHP Small boilers and individual stoves are inefficien and pollutive DH and CHP high overall efficiency and advanced flue gas cleaning is strongly supported bythe government 2. Construction boom in cities due to urbanization People moving from country side to cities make cities booming New people need housing which will be connected to DH/CHP 9

10 Boom of DH in China 10

11 CHP vs. Boilers The CHP is expected to cover the half of heat production capacity by year 2020, whereas it was 29,7% in year Conversion factor is about 60 W/m2 of heated floor area. In 2013, more than 4 billion m2 of DH was in operation. 11

12 Example of Heat Demand Curve Outdoor temperature Heat load duration 12

13 Health Benefits Recorded in Finland supported projects in China By means of CHP and DH expansion, the health conditions have substantially improved. In Yanchuan, Shaanxi province, the reported respiratory deceases had dropped 50% till 2006 because district heating expansion had started two years ago. In Zhangye, Gansu province, the annual share of respiratory deceases had dropped from the level of 2,2% to 1,5% of population, even though the DH project was not completed yet in More improvements are expected after the project completed. 13

14 RUSSIA 14

15 Scale of DH in Russia So far the largest DH country in the world: Some DH systems in some communities Market share of DH in cities 70% and in the country about 50% of the building stock (Finland 48%) The ordered capacity of the customers is about 230 GW (Finland: 15 GW, Sweden 25 GW) The length of DH networks: 184 th. km (Finland with 10 and Sweden with 14 th. km) 15

16 Competitiveness of DH Outdated DH is not competitive to low-priced gas, but the customers have not been given any choise so far. Modern DH would be competitive (and safe) in densely built urban areas. 16

17 DH drivers and barriers in Russia Driver: Rehabilitation need of outdated and inefficient but extensive DH systems Several barriers: Lack of law on house owner associations DH extent Length of DH networks 186 ooo km (Finland 12 ooo km) Population served by DH almost 100 million 17

18 USA Some 500 small DH systems in public buildings, not residential Mainly steam systems not economic Driver: Extension of fuel mix Barriers Low prices of fossil fuels: oil and gas shales, natural gas, hydro power Weak municipalities cannot support DH development Long-pay back times do not attract private sector Cultural 18