1.782 Environmental Engineering Masters of Engineering Project Fall Spring 2008
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1 MIT OpenCourseWare Environmental Engineering Masters of Engineering Project Fall Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit:
2 MAE LA REFUGEE CAMP WATER SUPPLY 9 November 2007 Mary Harding, Navid Rahimi, and Katherine Vater MIT - CEE
3 MAE LA REFUGEE CAMP WATER SYSTEM Background and Overview Mae La Camp Water Supply I. Distribution System Modeling Intermittent supply issues Program - EPANET II. Water Treatment Turbidity Stream flow & Rainfall
4 MAE LA LOCATION India Yunnan China Mandalay Yangon Myanmar Laos Mae La refugee camp Thailand Vietnam Hainan Karen, Karenni, and Mon refugees 20,000 people Semi-permanent camp for day laborers Andaman Sea Mergui Archipelago Bangkok Cambodia Phnom Penh Gulf of Thailand Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) Quy Nhon Songkhla South China Sea Malaysia Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.
5 WATER SUPPLY & GEOGRAPHY Mae Sot Thailand Road Myanmar Spring 17 A Tank Spring 9 Christopher Tank B Tank C Tank Spring 5 M Tank Pump T River Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.
6 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OVERVIEW S10 S9 B tank 75 m 3 C tank 150 m 3 Tim pump station 72 m 3 75 m 3 850m 1000m 1105m A tank 100 m 3 Christopher tank 150 m 3 Christopher pump station Banana pump station Over 150 public tap stands Springs, surface water, and groundwater MOI tank m 3 MOI pump station Diverse pipe sizes and joint connections Pond spring Pond Brizou, Jean-Baptiste. Thailand Mission: Maela Camp Nov Aug. 2006: Final Report., AMI
7 PART I: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Objectives: 1. Collect elevation & additional system data Handheld GPS units to add data to GIS Map A 2. Create EPANET distribution model Link GIS Map and flow data to EPANET A 3. Calibrate model Salt or rhodamine testing a 4. Suggest potential improvements Pumping energy and cost, impact of new sources, contaminant tracing
8 INTERMITTENT FLOW Supply Demand Pressure-driven analysis Network charging; pipes not always full Variation of flow and roughness coefficient as expels air Quality concerns Groundwater ingress and microbial regrowth while stagnant Pressure/velocity peaks allow for biofilm detachment Social effects Take more than necessary: just in case & non-metered Leave collector beneath tap to get every drop
9 Systems Components Fill Times in ,00 20,00 Fill times (min) 15,00 10,00 5,00 0, Month SP12+15 MOI AT SP8+CT SP11 CT SP10 CH BT+SP9 Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.
10 EPANET: PRINCIPLES & COMPONENTS Principles Hydraulics - Conservation of mass & energy Quality - Continuity of flow & reaction kinetics Components Nodes, pumps, pipes, reservoirs, tanks
11 EPANET: CAPABILITIES No size limit Time-varying demand Pressure driven nodes Bulk reactions and pipewall reactions Nth order reactions, Michaelis-Menton Head-loss equations and mixing tank models Use of ArcGIS data
12 EXISTING DATA Microsoft Excel file Pipe lengths & diameters ~10 sections broken up by feeder tanks No obvious joint information Some missing or confusing data
13 PART II: WATER QUALITY Goal: provide higher quality spring-water using appropriate treatment processes Existing situation Known elevated turbidities Various disconnected storage tanks and distribution systems Chlorination
14 LOCATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS
15 TURBIDITY AT STORAGE TANKS Data from D. Lantagne, August, > 20 NTU 5 20 NTU
16 TURBIDITY AT STORAGE TANKS Data from AMI, Turbidity at Storage Tanks January - August, Turbidity [NTU] Rainfall [mm] MOI Small MOI New MOI Old Spring 17 A Tank B Tank Christo C to popu C to IPD 1 Rainfall Month 0 Rainfall Surface/Combined Source Spring Source
17 STREAM FLOW AND RAINFALL CORRELATION Data from AMI, and GOSIC, Stream Flow Volume Rainfall Average Stream Flow Rainfall [mm] Stream Flow [cubic meters per day] Week 0
18 DESIGN PARAMETERS Water Quality Measurements Turbidity Total coliform Capacity Confirm flow data Determine flow composition Location Size of units Potential sites
19 ANALYSIS Determine necessary treatment processes Pre-treatment (rough filtration, sedimentation) Slow sand filtration Design locations Integration of potential pipe system changes with treatment facilities Fewer-more centralized locations?
20 POTENTIAL DIVISION BY FLOW VOLUMES East Central River
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