PV in distribution grids of CH: Impact and measures IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop March 31, 2014

Transcription

1 PV in distribution grids of CH: Impact and measures IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop March 31, 2014 Dr. Maurus Bachmann Geschäftsführer, Verein Smart Grid Schweiz IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 1 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

2 Content Energy environment Smart metering PV integration: Impact PV integration: Measures Conlusion IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 2 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

3 Environment EU: Vision with smart grid new services forecast hydropower station micro hydro station solar power station biomass energy offshore wind farm high voltage d.c. efficient power plant transformer primary control unit microgrid wave energy photovoltaics decentral heat and power stationrk solar H 2 production & service station micro storage heat storage superconducting storage heat pump fuel cell load management hydrogen pressure storage Source: European Smart Grids Technology Platform: Vision and Strategy for Europe's Electricity Networks of the Future, Europäische Kommission [2006] IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 3 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

4 Environment CH: Towards renewables new renewables will strongly increase Source: Prognos 2012 IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 4 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

5 VSGS 13 Members 1.92 Mio. connections > 50% of Switzerland IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 5 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

6 VSGS White book smart grid C H A P T R E 1 Smart Grids Intelligent Networks C H A P T R E 2 Decentralized Generation C H A P T R E 3 Customers and Smart Meter C H A P T R E 4 VSGS: Actual Position and Recommendations Good acceptance in the industry Positive feedback IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 6 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

7 3 Drivers for smart energy differentiate Dezentralized Generation Energy Efficiency Fluctuating Production IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 7 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

8 Smart Market everywhere Driver Dezentralized Generation Energy Efficiency Fluctuating Production Impact load on distribution grids customer responsible energy equilibration at risk Measure extensions: smart and conventionel visibility business case technical solution Domain Smart Grid Smart Meter Smart Market Challenge Opportunity IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 8 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

9 Content Energy environment Smart metering PV integration: Impact PV integration: Measures Conlusion IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 9 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

10 Smart meter: Minimal functionalities Energy data for customer: Mostly complied Frequency for energy savings: 50 % of projects OK Remote reading: Everywhere well complied Two-way-communication: Mostly complied Frequency for network planning: Well complied Support of tariff systems: Complied in overall system Breaker: Possible, partly implemented Data protection and security: Date encryption, to be clarified Fraud detection und prevention: Well complied Bi-directional current flow: Mostly complied (dep. on smart meter) IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 10 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

11 project 1 project 2 project 3 project 4 project 5 project 6 project 7 project 8 project 9 average Pilote projects of VSGS members Compliance 1 = complied 2 = mostly complied 3 = partly complied 4 = not complied Energy data for customer Frequency for energy savings Remote reading Two-way-communication Frequency for network planning Support of tariff systems Breaker Data protection and security Fraud detection und prevention Bi-directional current flow Replacing ripple control Plug & play Energy consumption Based on standards Basic conditions Average per project IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 11 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

12 Datacommunication IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 12 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

13 Coarse cost estimation Minimum Mittelwert Maximum Opex CHF per smart meter 70 +/-10% CAPEX Capex Total OPEX: 20 40% or CHF per smart meter Total cost, 15 min. - readings, daily read-out, rollout 5 years, 10 years operating IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 13 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

14 Content Energy environment Smart metering PV integration: Impact PV integration: Measures Conlusion IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 14 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

15 Smart grid: Impact on distribution grids A B Inversion of current flow Changed feedback to network Changed short-circuit power IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 15 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

16 A Inversion of current flow Voltage stability: Voltage increase at feeding point Safety at work: Single-edge shutoff not sufficient Protection: Automatic shutoff in case of network faults Measurement: Bi-directional current flow and reactive power Automatic control: To be extended / adapted at customer side underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) decentralized generation controllable First applies to NE 7, later NE 6 and NE 5 as well IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 16 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

17 B Power increase Maximal generation larger than maximal load Dimensioning of lines and units not sufficient Depends on local network structure Depends on amount of decentralized generation Typically more complexe in rural than in urban areas Increased complexity of planning and dimensioning of network IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 17 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

18 Percentage of nodes Percentage of line length Example network Current load Voltage deviation IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 18 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

19 Impact: Summary Single generation units result in regionally limited impact Regionally limited impact can be handled with regionally limited measures Increasing number of generation units multiple impacts At which point of injected power local measures will not bring the optimal solution anymore? no clear threshold identified depending on the (local) networkt structure IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 19 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

20 Content Energy environment Smart metering PV integration: Impact PV integration: Measures Conlusion IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 20 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

21 Smart Grid: Priorization of measures Focusing on most important impacts Voltage stability Power increase Measures take effect at different points At the (decentrale) producer Adjustment of reactive power Limitation of current production At network layer 7 (and possibly layer 5) Conventional network construction, reinforcing lines Meshed networks At network layer 6 Conventional network construction, reinforcing transformers Voltage adjustable distribution transformers IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 21 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

22 Thesis and generic cost evaluation Thesis Electricity market uses network capacities Extended network capacity management is required Network capacity management has priority (at least in critical situations) New products to influence the needed network capacity are required Smart market needs clear rules IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 22 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

23 Content Energy environment Smart metering PV integration: Impact PV integration: Measures Conlusion IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 23 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

24 Conclusion Verein Smart Grid Schweiz 13 Members 50% of CH connections White book Smart Grid Smart metering: Functionalities and cost Dezentrale PV generation: Impact and measures Smart market Thesis and generic view on cost IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 24 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014

25 IEA PVPS Task 14 Utility Workshop Seite 25 VSGS, M. Bachmann, March 31, 2014