Energy Storage. Wolfram Münch EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Research and Innovation Berlin, 19 March 2012

Transcription

1 Energy Storage Wolfram Münch EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Research and Innovation Berlin, 19 March 2012

2 Production and Consumption today and tomorrow Germany 2010: Electricity consumption: 516 TWh 6300 kwh/inhabitant Peak power MW 1 kw /inhabitant (6300 h Full load) 100% Renewables in electricity usage are feasible: PV (1000 h FL/a) 6,3 kw /inhabitant Windenergy (On shore, 1600 h FL/a) 4 kw /inhabitant Electricity system has to be adapted Quellen: AG Energiebilanzen ( ), Statistisches Bundesamt, BDEW/ entsoe Electricity system fluctuates between abundance and shortage Quelle: Palm, EnBW-ODR Marktoffingen: 3,4 kw/inhabitant Rot am See: 2,1 kw/inhabitant

3 Challenges in increasing intermittent renewables for electricity consumption Using more renewables for electricity consumption New market models for intermittent production energy capacity New market models for intermittent consumption Flexible generation more important than ever New opportunities for energy storage short term long term Power Power 2011 Conventional Power plants Renewable Energy 20XX Renewable Energy Consumption 24h Consumption 24h

4 New solutions are needed! There are technical and economical challenges efficiency (conversion and storage) competitiveness Grid prices in Germany: 0,06 /kwh Construction costs for additional transportation grid: 300 /kw (dena II, 1000 km) long term storage Research is crucially important Applied research to delevop pilots and demonstrations operational availability, safety Fundamental research of utmost importance new materials, systems and processes quest for cheap, abundant, and environmentally benign materials

5 Plenty of technologies available today Short term storage (hours), e.g., Pumped storage (CAES) Battery systems also important for electromobility new business opportunities for final energy use other chemical solutions? Long term storage (several days, weeks, months), e.g. new battery systems Hydrogen synthetic hydrocarbons (e.g. CH 4, ) 4-person household in a one family house near Munich Living space: 160 m 2 Power consumption: kwh/a Load profile: Smart meter recording in 15-minute resolution in the year 2010 Photovoltaic Facility: 2,25; 4,5; 9 kw p PV-load profile: Test Reference Year in one-hour resolution Full load hour: 977 kwh/kw p Battery efficiency: 95 % Inverter efficiency: 90 %

6 New storage options by connecting electricity and gas markets Connection between the electricity- und gas grid can be very significant: Power2Gas Existing storage capacities: (Pumped-) storage capacity in the electric grid: 0,04 TWh (Quelle: BMU, 2011) Gas storage: 220 TWh (Quelle: BMU, 2011) Can easily make use of existing gas infrastructure Allows for long time energy storage (weeks and months) Evolutionary decarbonisation of gas supply H 2 -production is fundamental for direct usage and synthetic hydrocarbons Other option: hybridisation of heat supply using thermal storage 6 Quelle: ttp://

7 New technologies for competitive H 2 production are needed Challenges for the new H 2 production technologies from intermittent renewables competitive to production from natural gas few annual hours of use (no base load technology) low cost materials efficient in energy conversion small and large systems decentralized and centralized storage options EnBW suggests a project with two Austrian technology companies (MMSConsult, Bachmann) Develop a H 2 production technology for intermittent renewable sources 7

8 Large share of renewable production needs long term storage H 2 can be the basis for the renewable energy society Hydrogen for mobile application 15 Mio t H 2 are needed to replace fossil fuels MW Wind Off-Shore necessary Substitution of natural gas in home heating by electricity/h 2 /syn.ch 4 > MW Wind On-Shore necessary Market model?