Wir schaffen Wissen heute für morgen

Transcription

1 Wir schaffen Wissen heute für morgen Paul Scherrer Institut Karin Treyer, Christian Bauer Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis Basic LCI data for life cycle thinking in energy strategies: Electricity datasets in ecoinvent version 3 Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch

2 Electricity in ecoinvent v3 countries v2: 32 countries ca. 65% of 2004 worldwide electricity production v3: 50 countries ca. 83% of 2008 worldwide electricity production Bern-Ittigen, Seite 2

3 Electricity in ecoinvent v3 countries 50 countries no country producing >1% omitted CA: 3% RU: 4.4% US: 20% CN: 15% JP: 5% IN: 3.8% AU: 1.1% Total worldwide in 2008: TWh (IEA statistics) Bern-Ittigen, Seite 3

4 Electricity in ecoinvent v3 countries 50 countries 71 geographies ca. 83% of 2008 worldwide electricity production Bern-Ittigen, Seite 4

5 Electricity in ecoinvent v3 markets Electricity market = Domestic production mix + imports from markets from neighbour countries transformation and transmission losses Markets for high (HV), medium (MV) and low (LV) voltage Specified using the annual production volumes (2008) of generation technologies provided by IEA statistics Main data sources: Itten et al. (2012) Life Cycle Inventories of Electricity Mixes & Grid and IEA statistics Source: swissgrid Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch Seite 5

6 Electricity in ecoinvent v3 technologies Electricity generation: country specific technologies Bern-Ittigen,

7 Electricity in ecoinvent v3 technologies Fossil fuels Coal Hard coal Renewables Hydropower Reservoir power plants: alpine/non-alpine/tropical region Lignite Run-of-river power plants Peat Pumped storage power plants Industrial gases Blast furnace gases Geothermal Hot-Dry-Rock (EGS) Coke (coal) gases Solar Photovoltaic: Building integrated and open ground Oil Solar thermal (no data) Natural gas Conventional gas power plant, with/without CHP Wave and tidal energy (no data) Combined cycle gas power plant, with/without CHP Wind Onshore, capacity class <1MW / 1-3MW / >3MW Nuclear Pressurised water reactor (PWR) Offshore, capacity class 1-3MW Boiling water reactor (BWR) Wood Wood chips, with/without extensive emission control Biogas Biogas from biowaste, sewage sludge and landfill gases Waste Waste incineration Municipal and industrial waste Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch Seite 7

8 LCIA results IPCC 2007, GWP 100a for technologies Hard coal Lignite Peat Blast furnace gas Coal gas Natural gas, w/o CHP Natural gas, with CHP NGCC, w/o CHP NGCC, with CHP Oil Nuclear, PWR Nuclear, BWR Hydro, reservoir, alpine Hydro, reservoir, non-alpine Hydro, reservoir, tropical Hydro, run-of-river Hydro, pumped storage Wind, 1MW, onshore Wind, 1-3MW, onshore Wind, 1-3MW, offshore Wind, 3MW, onshore Geothermal Biogas Wood chips Photovoltaic, building Photovoltaic, open ground Waste kg CO2eq/kWh P R E L I M I N A R Y R E S U L T S Fossil fuels Nuclear Renewables Other Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch Seite 8

9 LCIA results IPCC 2007, GWP 100a for technologies (nuclear and renewables) 0.3 P R E L I M I N A R Y R E S U L T S N u clear, P W R N u clear, B W R H ydro, reservo ir, alp in e H ydro, reservo ir, non-alp in e H ydro, reservo ir, tro p ical H yd ro, ru n -o f-river W in d, 1M W, o n sh o re W in d, 1-3M W, o n sh o re W in d, 1-3M W, o ffsh o re W in d, 3M W, o n sh o re Geo th erm al B io g as W o o d ch ip s P h o to vo ltaic, b u ild in g P h o to vo ltaic, o p en g ro u n d Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch Seite 9 kg C O2eq /kw h

10 Adaptation of datasets to local or future conditions Bern-Ittigen, Seite 10

11 Adaptation of datasets to local or future conditions Bern-Ittigen, Seite 11

12 LCIA results IPCC 2007, GWP 100a for low voltage markets 1.6 P R E L I M I N A R Y R E S U L T S N O C A -M B Q uébec SE FR C A -B C C A -YK C A -N F C H B R B E PE C A -O N C A -N T TZ FI A T N PC C, U S C A -SK S I SK ES D K C L PT H R K R IT JP R O W EC C, U S R U U A N L LU H U D E C A -PE G B C A -N B C A -A B TR B G TH M X IE S ER C TR E A SC C R FC C Z M Y FR C C TW SA IR C A -N S H IC C B A R S G R ID SPP M R O, U S ZA PL A U C N M K C A -N U IN Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch Seite 12 kg C O 2eq/kW h

13 LCIA results comparison v3 to v2 IPCC 2007 GWP 100a results in relation v3/v2 for electricity at low voltage: v2 dataset name: electricity, low voltage/xx U v3 dataset name: market for electricity, low voltage, XX XX = Geography P R E L I M I N A R Y R E S U L T S AT BA BE BG BR CH CN CZ DE DK ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IT JP LU MK NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch Seite 13

14 Conclusions & Outlook Higher geographical coverage of global electricity production in v3 Geography specific LCI data are important The differences between LCIA results of electricity mixes version 2 and version 3 are explainable LCI data: basis for determining the status quo of environmental impacts of electricity production and basis for long-term energy strategies Easy to adapt datasets support modelling of future electricity scenarios. Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch Seite 14

15 Conclusions & Outlook Potential for further improvement Data on fuel supply chains should be made even more country-specific Extension of the database in terms of generation technologies, e.g. wave power, solar thermal specific power plant types used in a certain geography electricity mixes of more geographies Regular update of annual production volumes Bern-Ittigen, karin.treyer@psi.ch Seite 15

16 Thanks to Christian Bauer, ecoinvent staff, treeze/esu-services -- Thanks for your attention!