Industrial water use in China European experience can help

Transcription

1 Industrial water use in China European experience can help Dr.-Ing. Yongjun Zhang TU Berlin Dec. 14, 2013, Berlin 1 Water Resources on the earth <1% of freshwater is easily accessible! 2

2 Water Resources in China Total Renewable Water Resources per Capita Large total water resources 2.8 trillion m 3, no. 6 in the world. Small renewable water resources per capita 2300 m 3, 25% of the world s average Uneven spatial and temporal distributions china-profile.com 1000 tons 3 Water use in China Agriculture the largest but stable Household and industry prompt increase Surface water the main supply Groundwater over-extracted in some places Alternative resources wastewater reuse, rainfall, seawater Cheng et al 2009, EST 4

3 Pollutants from industrial effluents Hu & Cheng 2013, Environmental Development 5 Water use in Europe Water use in China EU scenario Manufacturing water keeps increasing 24% in Southern EU 30% in Northern EU Industrial water usage Cheng et al 2009, EST Floerke and Alcamo

4 Pollutants from industrial effluents in China Hu & Cheng 2013, Environmental Development R² = 1 China BOD, ton/day USA India Russia Germany Japan R² = France Italy Spain UK Billion, USD COD discharges from the top polluting industries in China, , Industry production and BOD discharges in various countries, 2004 Still a long way for China towards the efficient usage of industrial water! Hu & Cheng 2013, Environmental Development Salomaa and Watkins 2011, Sustainable Development 8

5 Example 1: Paper and pulp industry L/kg Pokhrel and Viraraghavan 2004, Science of The Total Environment Water consumption in different processes 9 Example 1: Paper and pulp industry China Germany L/kg ~ 40 L/kg Wastewater reuse 10

6 Example 1: Paper and pulp industry COD BOD Relative COD & BOD Effluent 1st Biotreatment Partial oxidation 2nd biotreatment Treatment train Wastewater reuse Möbius, 2009, Waste water in the pulp and pater industry - today and in retrospect 11 Example 2: Chemical industry Water Use of Chemical Industry Park Marl, Germany 350 < River Water < Channel Water < Well Water < Drinking Water Mio. m3/a Dr. Bernd Guenzel, Infracor GmbH, Marl, Germany 12

7 Example 2: Chemical industry Today 13 Example 2: Chemical industry Tomorrow 14

8 Example 3: Water sensitive industry - Brewery How much water is used for one liter of beer? Fresh water Wastewater kinkycurlycoilyme.com China Europe Advanced Efficient water management by reusing wastewater is also possible even in sensitive industries! 15 Example 3: Water sensitive industry - Brewery Wastwater treatment and reuse Brewery Pretreatment Equalization & Acidification Anaerobic Flotation Aerobic Flotation Reverse Osmosis Microfiltration 4,000 m 3 /d Reverse Osmosis in an Australian brewery 16

9 Example 3: Water sensitive industry - Brewery Probematic flows for membrane Adsorbant (PVPP) regeneration, Clean-In-Place (CIP) Bottle washing machine Nonbiodegradable lubricant Pretreatment before membrane! Gesine et al. 2014, under submission 17 surface water tap water groundwater Raw water Treatment alternative water ressources: process wastewater, rain water, municipal wastewater bank filtration ion exchanger distillation membrane filtration flocculation/precipitation oxidation/reduction service water boiler feedwater ultrapure water Process water demineralized water cooling water production water softened water fire sprinkler water water for injection 18

10 Take-home messages Limited fresh water resource Serious water scarity in many placese Increasing industrial water usage Wastewater reuse is feasible, even in sensitive industry Save water, Save people Thank you for your attention! 20