1. What are the 8 levels of organization in ecology? 1. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population

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1 1. What are the 8 levels of organization in ecology? 1. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population (from large to small) Species Tissues Cells - Molecules 2. What is the smallest unit of life? 2. The cell 3. Which level includes all others? 3. Biosphere 4. Which level includes many animals of the same species? 4. Population 5. Which includes different species and non-living factors? 5. Ecosystem 6. Which includes different species of plants and animals? 6. Community 7. What type of inquiry method are ecologists using when they 7. Experimenting go into a community and take population counts periodically? Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Specie Tissue Cell Molecules 1. What cycle is this? 1. Water Cycle 2. Moving from a liquid to a gas state is 2. Evaporation 3. Water that flows over land is called 3. Run off 4. What is this next cycle called? 4. Carbon Cycle 5. What plant process takes 5. Photosynthesis CO 2 from the air? 6. What 2 things are burned 6. Wood and fossil fuels putting carbon in the air? 7. List 4 processes carbon 7. Photosynthesis, burning fossil fuels, cycles through? decomposing plants/animals, cellular respiration

2 1. What cycle is this? 1. Nitrogen Cycle 2. What 3 types of organisms? 2. Bacteria, certain plants (legumes & algae), and decomposers play a direct role in the nitrogen fixation? 3. What organism plays the 3. Bacteria largest role? 4. What are the two types of? 4. Legumes and blue-green algae plants involved? 5. Living organisms require nitrogen to make, building blocks of 5. Amino acids (are building blocks of proteins) protein. 6. What element is not recycled in any form in these three cycles? 6. Sulfur (oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur) 1. The average temperature & precipitation in a location is its 1. Climate 2. How many climate zones does the Earth have? What are they? 2. Three: Polar, Temperate, Tropical 3. Which zone has the most direct sunlight? Would that make it hot/cold? 3. Tropical Region making it consistently hot 4. Which zone has the least concentration of sun? Making it hot/cold? 4. Polar Regions making it cold 5. Based on the above questions, what is the main reason for the 5. The differences in latitude, thus angle of heating from the sun three climate zones? 6. What else in addition to climate does the uneven heating cause (2)? 6. Winds and ocean currents

3 1. What is this? 1. Pyramid of Numbers (food chain ok) 2. What is the producer? 2. Tree 3. Another name for a producer 3. Autotroph and its meaning means self feeder (makes its own food) 4. Give 3 terms for the insects? 4. Consumers, heterotrophs and herbivores 5. Animals that eat animals are 5. Consumers, heterotrophs and carnivores 6. Why is a typical # s pyramid? 6. Large numbers of producers feed smaller # s of consumers largest at the bottom? 7. How is this pyramid different? 7. This on has one producer to m any 1 st order consumers 1. What is this called? 1. (aquatic) food chain 2. What role does the algae serve in this diagram? 2. Producer, autotroph 3. Which would exist in the most amount and the least amount? 3. Most amount = algae (bottom of the chain), Least = shark (top) 4. The term given to a model of a complex network of interactions is 4. Food web 5. A coyote stalks, kills, & eats a rabbit. What terms describe the coyote? 5. Heterotroph, consumer, carnivore 6. A bird that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that has fed on a plant 6. Third-Level Consumer is what level consumer? 7. Which animal would most likely be found at the top of an energy 7. Great White Shark pyramid? (clams, phytoplankton, great white shark, fish)

4 1. What % of an organism s energy is used for body processes & heat? 1. 90% is used by the organism, and 10% is passed on and what % of the energy is passes on to the consumer? 2. All energy initially came from where? 2. The sun 3. Calculate the energy in kg the eagle will get kg for the eagle 4. How is movement of energy different from 4. Energy moves in one direction while nutrients recycle Eagles the movement of nutrients/molecules 5. What level consumer is the eagle? 2,000 Kg birds 5. The eagle is the third level consumer 6. What are the eagles/birds compared to 6. Eagles/birds=carnivores, insects=herbivores, plants=producers 20,000 Kg insects the insects and the plants? 7. Why is this a Biomass Pyramid? 200,000 Kg of plants 7. Biomass because they list the mass in kg of the living organisms 8. Do you need more insects or more birds to sustain this pyramids? 8. It takes a lot more insects to feed one bird, thus more insects 1. What is this a graph of? 1. Growth of yeast cells ( a population of yeast) over time 2. What 2 things determine when a population will reach its 2. The extent to which populations can continue to increase is carrying capacity? determined by the available space and food 3. What is the J-Shaped curve called? 3. Exponential Growth Curve 4. What is the S-Shaped curve called? 4. Logistic Growth 5. To maintain a constant number 5. For numbers to remain constant: of organisms in a community, 1 if birth rates increase, death rates must also increase how does the birth and death rate if emigration decreases, immigration must decrease as well have to compare? What about immigration and emigration? 6. Between which hours is the greatest growth? (0-2, 1-3, 2-4, 3-5, 4-6, or 5-7) 6. Greatest growth is between hour What is the term to refer to many of the same type of species? 7. A population

5 1. Which paramecium has the fastest growth curve initially? 1. P. caudatum 2. How long was the experiment? 2. For 18 days 3. What did they do differently in the 3 rd graph? 3. Combined the two populations, making a community 4. The largest # of individuals an environment can support? 4. Carrying Capacity 5. Name the relationship in graph III 5. Predator/Prey 6. Mixing 2 different species makes this a 6. Community 7. Who s the predator & the prey? 7. Predator is P. aurelia, Prey is P. caudatum 8. When was P. caudatum s last day? 8. Day What are biotic factors? 1. Conditions that rely on the numbers of living organisms 2. What is another term for biotic factors? 2. Density-Dependent Factors (they depend on the organisms) What are 4 categories for these factors? competition, disease, predation, parasitism 3. What are abiotic factors? 3. Conditions that occur irregardless of the number of organisms 4. What is another term for abiotic factors? 4. Density-Independent Factors What are 4 categories for these factors? weather, natural disasters, Seasonal cycles, human activity 5. Density Dependent or Independent?? 5. Climate=Independent, AIDS= Dependent, Starvation=Dep, fire=indep, (a.climate, b.aids, c.starvation, d.fire, e.hurricane, f.mosquito bite, g.severe frost, h.war) hurricane=indep, mosquito bite=dep, frost=indep, War = Dependent) 6. Density-Dependent Factors are those 6. That count on the # of organisms (increase organisms= increased effect) 7. Density-Independent Factors are those 7. That will happen whether or not there are any organisms here.

6 1. What country has more young people? Who has more elderly? 1. Mexico more young, United States more elderly 2. Which country has a faster intitial growth rate? 2. Mexico 3. The number of individuals per 3. Population density unit area is called 4. What s the population density people per sq mile if there are 2500 people living in a 25 sq mile town? 5. What does not play a role in population growth rate? 5. Population density (immigration, birth rate, population density, death rate, emigration) 6. Brown Tree Snakes got to Guam on a Navy ship and have increased 6. The Brown Tree Snake had no enemies to control its # s greatly in number, killing off 4 of 7 indiginous species of birds, why? No predator/prey, so it was allowed to multiply uncontrollably 1. These different warblers can live in the same tree because? 1. They occupy a different niches 2. Best mechanism for population 2. Predator/Prey control is? 3. If an animal s watering hole 3. Abiotic happens due to weather conditions dries up, is this an abiotic or biotic factor? 4. Brown Tree Snakes got to Guam on a Navy ship and have increased 4. The Brown Tree Snake had no enemies to control its # s greatly in number, killing off 4 of 7 indiginous species of birds, why? No predator/prey, so it was allowed to multiply uncontrollably 5. When an existing community is gradually replaced by another, it s 5. Ecological Succession 6. Which describes what happens during ecological succession? 6. Parts of the community split off and form a new community (ecosystem remains unchanged, organisms outside the ecosystem change it, organisms within the environment modify it, the community splits off & forms new communities)

7 1. What is this a diagram of? 1. A Food Web 2. How many different types producers are shown? 2. Four producers 3. What level consumer is the wolf if 3. Rabbit = 2 nd level consumer, shrew = 3 rd level consumer it ate a rabbit? If it ate a shrew? 4. Calculate the kg of the rabbit if the kg producer it ate is 1000 kg. 5. Calculate the kg of the shrew if the kg producer it ate is 1000 kg. 6. Which is better calorically for the wolf to eat, rabbit or shrew? 6. Rabbit 100 kg rather than only 10 kg for a shrew 7. Does killing off annoying insects impact an ecosystem? 7. Yes if in large amounts, they are the first level consumers Tell why or why not. and many organisms are dependent on their existence.