Energy 101 Why Does This Matter? Joseph Rand KidWind Project

Transcription

1 Energy 101 Why Does This Matter? Joseph Rand KidWind Project

2 What is KidWind? The KidWind Project is a team of teachers, students, engineers, and practitioners exploring the science behind wind and other renewable forms of energy. Our goal is to make renewable energy widely accessible through hands-on activities which are challenging, engaging and teach basic science and engineering principles. Engaging minds for a responsible future

3 Humanity s Top Ten Problems for next 50 years 1. ENERGY 2. Water 3. Food 4. Environment 5. Poverty 6. Terrorism & War 7. Disease 8. EDUCATION 9. Democracy 10. Population Source: Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley

4 Energy for 10 Billion People For worldwide peace and prosperity we need abundantand affordable clean energy. Need to improve current technologies Need to develop new technologies We need students to enter Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields We need a bold new approach to confront this issue

5 Science Literacy In the U.S., climate change is still a debate Recent studies have shown that 50% of Americans cannot name an example of renewable energy. Understanding basics of energy and electricity What is a watt / kilowatt / kilowatt-hour? How can we conserve energy if we don t understand basic energy concepts?

6

7 Why Clean Energy Science in Schools? Students learn science/math standards Lessons are completely scalable from elementary through college level Addresses myths and misconceptionsregarding renewable energy Encourages higher interest in Science, Tech., Engineering, Math Science/Math activities with larger social purpose Students learn about jobs/careersin renewable energy industry, as well as opportunities for further training Educate the next generationof scientists, engineers, and decision makers to make smarter, more informed choices Education a promising avenue for widespread social change!

8 Atmospheric Carbon vs. Temp

9 Where does the Carbon Come From This figure shows the relative fraction of manmadegreenhouse gasescoming from each of eight categories of sources, as estimated by theemission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 3.2. Global annualfossil fuelcarbon dioxideemissions through year 2004, in millionmetric tonsofcarbon, as reported by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center

10

11 Climate Change Connect the Dots

12

13 Current research indicates that over the last 150 years the average temperature has increased.8 C. Even if we stopped producing carbon right now models suggest that the temperature would increase another.8 degrees. Many effects of this.8 C rise are more dramatic than scientistshave anticipated (floods,drought,extreme weather events). Some researchers think 2 degrees is a recipe for disaster. NASA scientist James Hansen, the planet's most prominent climatologist, is even blunter: "The target that has been talked about in international negotiations for two degrees of warming is actually a prescription for longterm disaster. Source Rolling Stone Global Warming s Terrifying New Math Bill McKibben

14

15 Based on current models we can pump 565 gigatons of carbon into the atmosphere and stay below or at the 2 C temperature increase. While the amount of CO2 we have released over the last few yearshas decreased, we are still putting gigatons into the atmosphere each year. Do the math and that gives you about 16-17years before we reach 565 gigatons. 1 GT = 1,000,000,000 Tons 1 Ton = 2000 lbs 1 lb of CO2 (STP) = A ball about 2.5 feet in diameter. The average American releases about 57 pounds of CO2 each day! Sources Rolling Stone Global Warming s Terrifying New Math Bill McKibben

16

17 This is the amount (gigatons) of carbon that would be released if we burned all the known fossil fuel resources (coal, oil, natural gas). It is 5 times the amount that we can burn if we hope to have anychance in slowing or stopping global climate change. It represents 27 trillion dollars in revenue for large coal, oiland gas companies and city states. Do you think it will be easy to convince investors or these entitites to leave 20 trillion dollars of assets in the ground? Me either. Sources Rolling Stone Global Warming s Terrifying New Math Bill McKibben

18 What do Steroids in Baseball have to do with Climate Change?

19

20 Caribbean -Cost of Energy The energy cost in the Caribbean is the highest in the Western Hemisphereand amongst the highest in the world. Most electricity produced in the region comes from conventional thermal sources, primarily oil-fired power plants. The islands' reliance on fuel oil makes them highly vulnerable to international oil prices.

21 St. Kitts and Nevis Energy Profile Total installed electricity capacity (2010): 48 MW St. Kitts: 33.9 MW Nevis: 14.1 MW St. Kitts and Nevis is a net energy importer. The country has no indigenous sources of oil, coal, natural gas or hydropower. Oil imports are about 1,000 barrels per day. Nearly all of the islands' electricity is generated from imported oil. Wind Farm on Nevis 1.1 MW Capacity

22

23

24

25 . But what can we do???

26 C E D A R Conservation Efficiency Demand (Reduce Peak Demand) Ancillary (Your behavior and choices) Renewables

27 Basic Energy Background 1. FORMS of Energy

28 Can we name 9 forms of energy?

29 Basic Energy Background 1. FORMS of Energy 2. Energy TRANSFORMATIONS Energy s ability to change form is what makes it useful.

30 Energy Transformations Activity Break into 4 groups 2 countries per group (~4 people)

31 Energy Transformations Activity Identify the Energy Transformations that take place to light an incandescent light bulb

32 Incandescent Light Bulb Energy Transformation Chemical Energy Thermal Energy Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy Thermal Energy Radiant Energy

33 Energy Transformations Activity Identify the Energy Transformations that take place to light a hand-generator flashlight

34 Hand-Generator Flashlight Energy Transformation Nuclear Energy Radiant Energy Chemical Energy Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy Radiant Energy

35 Energy Transformations Activity Create your own for another common energy transformation

36 Basic Energy Background 1. FORMS of Energy 2. Energy TRANSFORMATIONS 3. SOURCES of Energy

37 Can we name 9 SOURCES of Energy?

38 Renewable vs. Non-renewable Categorize the 9 SOURCES of energy as renewable or non-renewable

39 Basic Energy Background 1. FORMS of Energy 2. Energy TRANSFORMATIONS 3. SOURCES of Energy 4. Basics of ELECTRICITY

40 How is Electricity Generated?

41 Watt, Kilowatt, Megawatt? W = 1 Joule/Sec Joule = 1 Newton over 1 meter 1 Watt ~ Lifting 1 Apple, 1 Meter in 1 second 1 Watt = KidWind Turbine Cranking 1 Kilowatt (kw) = 1000 Watts (Toaster) 1 Megawatt (MW) = 1,000,000 Watts (Large Wind Turbine) 1 Gigawatt (GW) = 1,000,000,000 (2 Nuclear Plants)

42 Power vs. Energy Rate Liters / Minute Kilometers / Hour Watts, KW, MW Meters / Sec POWER Quantity Liters Kilometers W-Hours, kwh, MWh Meters ENERGY

43

44

45 Questions?

46 What is the Cost of Inefficiency? WindWise Lesson 3 Break into 4 groups

47 Refrigerator

48 Calculate cost of phantom loads Typical Home: 2 cell phone chargers (0.6 W each) Computer plugged in (3.5 W) DVD Player on standby (3 W) Microwave on standby (1.2 W) Television on standby (3.5 W) Stereo (2.5 W)

49 How Does a Generator Work? WindWise Lesson 9

50 Joseph Rand KidWind Project