Designing Business Models for different market participants in a hybrid retail energy market

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2 Designing Business Models for different market participants in a hybrid retail energy market Tariff Design Options for Residential Customers Daniel Schwabeneder October, 4

3 Outline Motivation The OrPHEuS FP7-Project General Customer Model Description Notation Basic objectives Model Assumptions Preliminary remarks Household Customer types Tariff types Exemplary Results Conclusions and Outlook Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference /5

4 Motivation The OrPHEuS FP7-Project Hybrid poit-of-view: Consider different energy networks (Electricity, Gas & Heat) as a hybrid energy network via coupling technologies (CHP, heat pumps,...). Cooperative concept: Develop cooperative hybrid control strategies and corresponding business models among different market participants aiming to create win-win situations. = Create optimization models for different market participants (Customers, Supply Companies & Distribution System Operators (DSO)) for validation. This presentation will focus on the model for Customers. Research Question: Influence of different tariff types on the residual loads of residential customers? Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference /5

5 General Customer Model Description The model should consider multiple energy domains simultaneously and be flexibly adaptable to different technology portfolios. Notation The demand is exogenously given and denoted by d(t). The prices are are chosen by the supply company and the distribution system operator, respectively, and denoted by p(t). The purchased energy or residual load is a decision variable and denoted by q(t). All quantities () and prices (c/kwh) are written as -dimensional vectors: d El (t) q El (t) p El (t) d(t) := d Gas (t), q(t) := q Gas (t), p(t) := p Gas (t). d Heat (t) q Heat (t) p Heat (t) The considered time frame is a planning period of N years and the customer s personal interest rate is denoted by r. Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference 4/5

6 General Customer Model Description Basic objectives Standard Customer: Adding a generation technology: min C! = N k= s.t. q(t) = d(t) 876 ( + r) p(t) T q(t) k t= N min C =! 876 I gen + ( + r) ( ) p(t) T q(t) + c gen(t) T q gen(t) p k feed (t) T q feed (t) k= t= s.t. q(t) + q gen(t) = d(t) + q feed (t) q gen(t) q gen, q(t),q gen(t),q feed (t) Similarly other technologies like energy storages can be added. Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference 5/5

7 Model Assumptions Preliminary remarks Research Question: Influence of different tariff types on the residual loads of residential customers? No flexible behaviour of customers has been assumed. = Only the operation of different technologies can influence the residual load profile. No investment costs for customers technologies have been considered. Only one year has been simulated. Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference 6/5

8 Model Assumptions Household Customer types Demand: Synthetic electric load profile scaled to 4 kwh/a and heat load profile scaled to kwh/a. Type Passive Type µchp Type PV Electricity grid connection District Heating grid connection Electricity grid connection Gas grid connection Gas-fired µchp (P max: 4.7 kw el, kw th, η el : 5%, η th : 65%) Thermal energy Storage (Capacity: kwh, η: 9% Hourly stand-by loss: %) Electricity grid connection PV system (P max: kwp) Heat pump (P max: 9 kw th, CoP: 4%) Thermal energy Storage Electric energy Storage (Capacity: kwh, η: 9% Hourly stand-by loss: %) Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference 7/5

9 Model Assumptions Tariff types Assumed Standard Tariffs The assumed Standard Tariffs consist of a fix annual lump sum and a flat energy price: Annual lump sum Energy price Electricity 48 EUR 8 c/kwh Gas 7 EUR 7 c/kwh District Heating 6 EUR 5 c/kwh Furthermore, electricity customers with generation technologies are granted a feed-in tariff of 7 c/kwh. Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference 8/5

10 Model Assumptions Investigated modified Tariffs Electricity time-of-use (TOU) tariff: { 6 c/kwh from 8AM to 8PM on working days 8 c/kwh c/kwh else Peak load pricing: Replace the annual lump sum with a monthly charged EUR/kW max component for the highest peak load during a month: Electricity 48 EUR per year 5.5 EUR/kW max per month Gas 7 EUR per year.74 EUR/kW max per month District Heating 6 EUR per year 5.48 EUR/kW max per month The modified tariffs have been chosen in a way that the passive customer type would have the same or slightly lower annual cost than with the standard tariffs. Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference 9/5

11 Exemplary Results Operation of the µchp customer type with peak load pricing Electricity Procurement Electricity Usage Gas Procurement Gas Usage Heat Procurement Heat Usage Peak Off Peak Purchase Storage Discharge microchp Output Peak Off Peak Feed In Storage Charge microchp Input Demand Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference /5

12 Exemplary Results Operation of the PV customer type with an electricity TOU tariff Electricity Procurement 4 Heat Procurement Peak Off Peak Purchase Storage Discharge Heat Pump Output Electricity Usage Heat Usage PV Generation Peak Off Peak Feed In Storage Charge Heat Pump Input Demand Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference /5

13 Exemplary Results Residual loads of the µchp customer type Flat Tariff TOU Tariff Annual lump sum.4. Electric residual load Gas residual load Electric residual load Gas residual load Peak load pricing.4. Electric residual load Gas residual load Electric residual load Gas residual load Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference /5

14 Exemplary Results Residual loads of the PV customer type Flat Tariff TOU Tariff Annual lump sum Electric residual load Electric residual load Peak load pricing Electric residual load Electric residual load Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference /5

15 Conclusions and Outlook Conclusions A TOU tariff provides incentives to shift most of the residual load to Off-Peak hours. A EUR/kW max price provides incentives to reduce the maximal peak loads. Outlook Consider investment costs of additional technologies and create long-term investment planning model. Create models for supply companies and distribution system operators (DSOs). Analyse further tariff design alternatives (real time pricing (RTP), tariffs considering meteorological forecasts,...). Daniel Schwabeneder 4th IAEE European Energy Conference 4/5

16 Thank you for your attention!