WEDECO MiPRO ThE RighT ADvAnCED OxiDATiOn SOluTiOn for Any kind Of MiCROPOlluTAnTS

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1 WEDECO MiPRO The right Advanced Oxidation Solution for any kind of Micropollutants

2 Why Advanced Oxidation Process? Water utilities worldwide are reporting increasing levels of micropollutants in water resources. Traces of organic/inorganic pollutants such as NDMA, MTBE, 1,4-Dioxane, EDC s, etc. are often found in wastewater, ground water, and surface water. The reasons for the increasing degree of contamination are often due to industrialization, intensive agriculture practices, as well as all-round medical provisions for humans. Once these micropollutants enter the food chain via drinking water, there is a long-term risk to public health even to human or animal genetic material. Traditional treatment methods are no longer sufficient to guarantee complete removal of these contaminants. Due to climate and demographic changes, many water utilities are expecting further pollution of drinking water resources in the near future. As a consequence, there is a higher risk of water scarcity and an increasing demand for direct or indirect wastewater reuse, resulting in the need for higher levels of treatment. NDMA (N-Nitrosodimethylamine) Is highly toxic and a suspected human carcinogen Is a Industrial by-product / waste product of several industrial processes Is harmful in drinking water at minute concentrations Is difficult to remove from drinking water. It does not readily biodegrade, adsorb, or volatilize. As such, it cannot be removed by activated carbon and travels easily through soils. 1,4 Dioxane Causes eye and respiratory tract irritations and is suspected of causing damage to the central nervous system, liver and kidneys Is used in solvent applications for the manufacturing sector, in fumigants or automotive coolants. Sometimes used in cosmetic products such as deodorant, shampoo, toothpaste and mouthwash. Forms contamination plumes in groundwater when released to the environment Is difficult to remove since it does not readily bind to soils and is resistant to naturally occurring biodegradation processes. Pesticides Are one of the causes of water pollution since only a minor portion of the applied amount is consumed by the targeted species Are partly persistent organic pollutants and contribute to soil contamination Cause pollution of surface water due to runoff from agricultural areas draining into rivers (i.e. Nonpoint Source Pollution) Residuals of Pharmaceuticals End up in the environment via waste from bodily excretion or improper disposal of unused pharmaceuticals. Main influx paths in surface waters are municipal wastewater treatment plants, drainage from the pharmaceutical industry, animal breeding grounds or medical centers. Can be persistent. As a result, the number of contaminants in our water circulation, and its consumers, is creeping upwards (bioaccumulation). May cause negative endocrine effects on humans and animals. 2

3 Determine your most efficient AOP solution The use of an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) is an ideal approach to treat these new kinds of water contaminants. AOP is the combination of two or more processes to generate or increase the number of hydroxyl radicals (OH radicals). These OH radicals contribute to the oxidation of undesirable substances and have a considerably higher oxidation potential compared to other oxidants. OH Radical Ozone* Hydrogen Peroxide* Permanganate* Hypochlorite* Chlorine Chlorine Dioxide* Oxygen molecule* * measured at a ph-value = Oxidation potential [V] Compared to other oxidants, OH radicals have a considerably higher oxidation potential Once hydroxyl radicals have formed in water, they immediately react to virtually all existing oxidizable substances. The high degradation performance and the quick reaction kinetics of this process are the formula for success when it comes to eliminating numerous persistent contaminations. In theory, there are 20 different methods to technically create hydroxyl radicals. In practice, there are two processes that are most commonly used: Ozone + Hydrogen Peroxide In the presence of hydrogen peroxide ( ), ozone (O 3 ) reacts with the anion of the hydrogen peroxide (H -), and creates hydroxyl radicals. This reaction is quicker and more effective than the reaction of ozone alone in water. UV Light + Hydrogen Peroxide In this process, the UV light is absorbed by the hydrogen peroxide dissolved in the water. In theory, this process leads to the formation of two OH radicals, made from one molecule. 3

4 Engineered solutions for various applications Xylem s WEDECO MiPRO concept is based on three key components: Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide and UV light. By combining these technologies, flexible solutions for individual requirements are available. The choice of the treatment technologies always depends on the target contaminant, considering on-site conditions, such as footprint, flow rate, and energy costs. Our philosophy is to design each WEDECO MiPRO solution as the perfect complement to the existing process. The overall goal: Ensured removal performance with the highest efficiency possible. Ozone Ozone, by itself is a multifunctional, powerful oxidant and has numerous treatment capabilities, e.g. disinfection, color reduction and COD reduction. WEDECO Ozone systems produce ozone on-site from oxygen or air. After ozone is produced, it can be incorporated into the water in reaction tanks or with injection systems. Hydrogen Peroxide is a pale blue (colorless when diluted) liquid with strong oxidizing properties. Because of its oxidation strength, it is often used as an agent for bleaching and disinfection. Hydrogen Peroxide is stored on-site and is dosed into the water in a liquid state. UV light Ultraviolet light is energy-rich light with a wavelength of nanometers (nm). UV light is very versatile and can be used for disinfecting water and oxidation processes. The light is generated in UV lamps protected by water-tight quartz sleeves. The water (pure or supplemented with Ozone and/or Hydrogen Peroxide) flows over the quartz sleeves, and is irradiated by the UV light. 4

5 MiPRO eco 3 MiPRO eco 3 MiPRO eco 3 plus MiPRO eco 3 plus Components: WEDECO Ozone system dosing unit Injection / reaction unit Residual Ozone Destruction system Application Most appropriate when pollutants are degraded effectively by the radical reaction path Advantages: Low operating costs Effective for a wide range of substances MiPRO photo MiPRO photo Components: WEDECO UV system dosing unit Application Reduction of photosensitive substances e.g. NDMA Advantages: Additional disinfection of the water by UV light Components: WEDECO Ozone system dosing unit Injection / reaction unit Residual ozone destruction system WEDECO UV system Application Various types of organic / inorganic micropollutants and other persistent substances Advantages: Besides micropollutants, photosensitive substances can also be effectively reduced Additional disinfection by UV light 5

6 Your solution: the Best Available Technology Ideally, contaminated water should always be treated using the most efficient of the various processes. That s why the implementation of an Advanced Oxidation Process in a water or wastewater facility should always begin with the correct treatment process selection. MiPRO Process Selection Guide Xylem can help you to find the right solution before you make any kind of long-term commitment. You benefit from our many years of experience in AOP and its core components. WEDECO UV and ozone technologies provide fully developed treatment systems that have been setting standards in modern water treatment for more than three decades. Application Contaminants Ozone UV MiPRO eco 3 MiPRO photo MiPRO eco 3 plus 1,4-Dioxane Industrial Chemicals MTBE NDMA Pesticides Atrazine Bromacil Diclofenac Carbamazepine Pharmaceuticals Ibuprofen Amidotrizoic Acid Iohexol Hormones Taste & Odor Geosmin MIB Decolorization TOC Removal Disinfection = Removal of % + = Removal of % 0 = Removal smaller 50% The implementation of an Advanced Oxidation Process should always begin with the correct selection of the process to be used. Frequently Asked Questions Isn t medium pressure UV and Hydrogen Peroxide the best AOP process? The combination of medium pressure UV and Hydrogen Peroxide is a well known as AOP process, but it is not the only one. Combinations of low pressure UV, Hydrogen Peroxide and/or Ozone do in many cases offer advantages regarding operating costs, power consumption, removal efficiency or footprint. Xylem is able to offer both core technologies - UV and Ozone - through its WEDECO brand. Can Bromate be formed in the use of ozone AOP solutions? Generally, the formation of Bromate is only possible if relevant quantities of Bromide are present in the water. If Bromide is present, the innovative combination of Ozone with Hydrogen Peroxide allows a significant reduction of the direct reaction of Ozone with Bromide, often resulting in minimal Bromate formation. 6

7 Comparison of costs & doses per 1,000 gal of water treated $/ 1,000 gal MiPRO eco 3 Ozone: 5 mg/l : 10 mg/l MiPRO photo MiPRO eco 3 plus EEO: 0.98 kwh/ 1,000 gal : 10 g EEO: 0.16 kwh/ 1,000 gal Ozone: 3 mg/l : 5 mg/l UV (MP) + EEO: 2.12 kwh/ 1,000 gal : 10 mg/l This diagram compares the costs (per 1,000 gal of water treated) of various AOP scenarios based on power consumption, ozone dose and dose. The treatment goal of this case is the reduction of pesticides and pharmaceuticals at a water flow of 12 MGD. The costs include capital costs, footprint, oxygen, energy, and maintenance. In addition to our years of expertise, we have our own labs and research facilities for water and wastewater treatment, which investigate the specific research requirements of our customers. Our experts can determine the right treatment process for your situation on-site with AOP pilot equipment. This does not only apply to new treatment systems it can also be used to optimize existing processes. The recommended process can be tested based on your specific parameters in a short period of time. Practical experience, after all, provides results that are more tangible and more promising than theoretical approaches. How can a combination of O 3, and UV be less expensive than UV/? Different water contaminants should be treated with the most appropriate technology, tailored for the specific contaminant removal. The MiPRO eco3 plus solution allows each single step to be optimally designed, resulting in lower total treatment cost. Why does low pressure UV irradiation work especially well with AOP? In many cases, photosensitive substances like NDMA or Amidotrizoic Acid are directly degraded very efficiently with UV light (254 nm). By photolysis, the UV light breaks down the chemical compounds and, thus, the degradation of the pollutants. In addition, the activation of Hydrogen Peroxide leads to effective oxidation of micropollutants. 7

8 Xylem 'zīl m e 1) The tissue in plants that brings water upward from the roots; 2) a leading global water technology company. We re 12,000 people unified in a common purpose: creating innovative solutions to meet our world s water needs. Developing new technologies that will improve the way water is used, conserved, and re-used in the future is central to our work. We move, treat, analyze, and return water to the environment, and we help people use water efficiently, in their homes, buildings, factories and farms. In more than 150 countries, we have strong, long-standing relationships with customers who know us for our powerful combination of leading product brands and applications expertise, backed by a legacy of innovation. For more information on how Xylem can help you, go to WB WEDECO MiPRO Oxidation Solution Brochure 04/2012 US Xylem, Inc South Bridge Circle Charlotte, NC Tel Fax WEDECO is a trademark of Xylem Inc. or one of its subsidiaries Xylem, Inc. JAN 2012