A Remote Sensing Based System for Monitoring Reclamation in Well and Mine Sites

Transcription

1 A Remote Sensing Based System for Monitoring Reclamation in Well and Mine Sites Nadia Rochdi (1), J. Zhang (1), K. Staenz (1), X. Yang (1), B. James (1), D. Rolfson (1), S. Patterson (2), and B. Purdy (3) (1) Alberta Terrestrial Imaging Centre (ATIC) (2) Alberta s Environment and Sustainable Resource Development (ESRD) (3) Alberta Innovates-Energy and Environment Solutions (AI-EES)

2 Outline 1. Context 2. Assessment of optical remote sensing technologies for monitoring reclamation Monitoring Procedure for Reclamation in Alberta (MOPRA) Project. 3. The MOPRA monitoring system 4. Summary and future directions 2

3 Outline 1. Context 2. Assessment of Optical Remote Sensing for Monitoring Reclamation MONITORING Procedure for Reclamation in Alberta (MOPRA) Project. 3. The MOPRA Monitoring System 4. Summary and Future Directions 3

4 Alberta s Energy Resources Natural gas 70.9% of the marketed natural gas produced in Canada in Crude Oil Alberta's reserves totalled 1.49 billion barrels or about 36% of Canada's total in 2010 Oil Sands 70% of Alberta's total crude oil and equivalent production and about 50% of all crude oil and equivalent produced in Canada in Pipeline 4 Source: centreforenergy.com

5 Oil and Gas Exploration Land Use Footprint Wellsite Source: Cenovus Inc. Open-pit mine Source: mining.com Pipeline Source: pipelineinternational.com 5

6 Reclamation and Certification Land Reclamation - Restoring disturbed land to an equivalent land capability (Environment and Enhancement Plan Act - EPEA) Reclamation Certification - issued by the Alberta Energy Regulator (ESRD up to 2014) to attest reclamation standards are met. Source: blog.transcanada.com Source: capp.ca 6

7 Reclamation Assessment Field audit of ~15% of submitted application for reclamation certificates. Vegetation condition (10%) and ground contamination (5%) 2010 Reclamation Criteria for Forested, grasslands and agricultural area (Landscape, vegetation, soil) 7

8 Number of Wellsites Reclamation Monitoring Year Source: Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Need for a large-scale mapping and a regular monitoring of reclamation criteria at 30-meter spatial resolution or better 8

9 Outline 1. Context 2. Assessment of optical remote sensing technologies for monitoring reclamation Monitoring Procedure for Reclamation in Alberta (MOPRA) Project 3. The MOPRA Monitoring System 4. Summary and Future Directions 9

10 Scope MOPRA Project 1/2 Develop a remote sensing (RS) based technology and software system to support the mapping/monitoring activities in reclaimed areas Duration November March 2014 Funding/Collaboration TECTERRA Inc. Environment and Sustainable Resources Development (ESRD) Oil Sands and Research Information Network (OSRIN) Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) Alberta Innovates Energy and Environment Solutions (AI-EES) 10

11 MOPRA Project 2/2 End Products (relevant to vegetation assessment in the 2010 reclamation criteria) Baseline maps about the pre-disturbance condition of the mine and well sites, Information (maps) about vegetation condition in reclaimed areas (vegetation status, canopy structure), and Information on the temporal evolution of land conditions in reclaimed areas. 11

12 Study Areas Reclaimed Oil and Gas Well Sites Forested areas North East of Cold Lake Agriculture land close to Lacombe Rangeland areas in Mattheis ranch Reclaimed Coal Mines Coal Valley area Four Eco-Regions Sampled Aspen Parkland (Lacombe) Boreal Mixedwood (Cold Lake) Western Alberta Uplands (Coal Valley) Moist Mixed Grassland (Mattheis Ranch) Cold Lake Coal Valley Edmonton Lacombe Calgary Mattheis Ranch 05/11/

13 Remote Sensing Imagery Satellite Imagery Multispectral - Archive and new acquisition - Landsat (30m) - SPOT (10-20m) - RapidEye (5m) Hyperspectral new acquisition - CHRIS/PROBA (30m) Airborne Imagery AISA Hyperspectral data (2m) LiDAR data (2m) new acquisition - ESRD s data Landsat -TM Abandoned wells sites 17/08/

14 Information Retrieval Remote Sensing At-Sensor Signal Preprocessing August, 2012 Surface Signal Mine/Well Lease Areas Stand Alone Assessment Package Land Cover Change Detection Trees Species Leaf Area Index Information Extraction Canopy Structure Vegetation Indices Agreement /No-Agreement Flag 14

15 Land Cover Landsat TM Deciduous forest Coniferous forest Herbaceous/shrubs Wetlands Water Bare areas 30-m Land- Cover Map (Landsat TM)

16 16 Change Detection August, m Disturbance Map (between 1998 and 2011)

17 Tree Species August, 2012 Aspen Tamarack Balsam Poplar Jack Pine Black Spruce White Spruce 5-meter Tree Species Map (RapidEye/LiDAR) 17

18 Canopy Structure 0 90% 10-m Canopy Closure (Airborne LiDAR) 18

19 Leaf Area Index August, m Leaf Area Index Map SPOT 5 0 LAI 9 19

20 Vegetation Indices (VIs) A set of combinations of a number of spectral bands sensitive to vegetation biomass (e.g., NDVI, SR, ISR, ARVI, SAVI). August, 2012 Wyllie et al., 2000 Red (1998), Green (2001), Blue(2009) Multi-Year NDVI Colour Composite 20

21 VIs Temporal Trend August, 2012 Control Lease Infrared Simple Ratio

22 Outline 1. Context 2. Assessment of optical remote sensing technologies for monitoring reclamation Monitoring Procedure for Reclamation in Alberta (MOPRA) Project 3. The MOPRA Monitoring System 4. Summary and Future Directions 22

23 Semi-Automated System (Module 1) Remote Sensing At-Sensor Signal Preprocessing Surface Signal Mine/Well Lease Areas Stand Alone Assessment Package Land Cover Change Detection Trees Species Leaf Area Index Information Extraction Canopy Structure Vegetation Indices Agreement/No-Agreement Flag Module 1: RS-Data Processing Toolbox 23

24 RS-Data Processing Toolbox ENVI add-on (ENVI license required) Import satellite data Data preprocessing: atmospheric correction Baseline mapping: Support Vector Machine and Random Forest classifiers Change Detection: simple differencing and change vector analysis techniques Vegetation indices: five types (NDVI, SR, ISR, EVI, ARVI) LiDAR data processing: Canopy Surface Model (CSM), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), canopy height and canopy closure 24

25 Semi-Automated System (Module 2) Module 2: Stand Alone Reclamation Assessment & Trend analysis Tools Mine/Well Lease Areas Land Cover Change Detection Stand Alone Assessment Package Trees Species Leaf Area Index Canopy Structure Vegetation Indices Agreement/No-Agreement Flag 25

26 Stand Alone Assessment Package - Two executable files - Reclamation Assessment Tool Inputs: shapefile and ENVI/Geotiff data format Analysis Process: statistical analysis and comparison of VI s between well/lease sites and reference areas Outputs: shapefile - Trend Visualization Tool Inputs: Reclamation assessment output Analysis Process: displaying the reclamation assessment results for a given area of interest. Outputs: VI s trend plots in bmp format

27 Rec. Assessment User Interface 27

28 Trend Visualization User Interface Control Lease 28

29 Outline 1. Context 2. Assessment of optical remote sensing technologies for monitoring reclamation MONITORING Procedure for Reclamation in Alberta (MOPRA) Project. 3. The MOPRA monitoring system 4. Summary and Future Directions 29

30 Summary A reclamation monitoring system has been developed within the MOPRA project. Utilizes optical remote sensing to derive information about land condition in reclaimed areas and non-disturbed lands. Can be used to assess reclaimed areas of various sizes and shapes. Can be used to assess sites at different spatial scales from single to multiple sites covering large areas in a timely fashion 30

31 Future Directions Further testing and calibration of the monitoring system (e.g., forested areas, peatlands/wetlands, native grassland sites, pipelines) Move the monitoring system into a web-based system Testing the monitoring system in an industry setting. Incorporation of future wide-swath sensors such as ESA s Sentinel-2 Incorporating hyperspectral data and related analysis tools Commercialization of the monitoring system 31

32 Supporting Organizations 32