Disaster Losses and Damages: Experiences from Nepal

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1 Disaster Losses and Damages: Experiences from Nepal Asia Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Forum , March 2013 Pitambar Aryal Director, Disaster Management Department Nepal Red Cross Society Vice Chairperson, DPNet Nepal

2 Presentation Outline Disaster situation analysis NRCS involvement in DRM/adaptation Good practices Coordination and partnership Experiences/lessons learned Conclusions and recommendations

3 Nepal is disaster prone due to Geological structure Land slope Knowledge of people Lack of adaptation measures 8848 Meter 70 Meter

4 Number of records/events in Nepal ( ) Other events Boat Capsize Structural Collapse Cold wave Earthquake Accident Thunderstorm Fire Flood Landslide Epidemics - 2,000 4,000 6,000 Source: Nepal Disaster Report-2011 Government of Nepal

5 Houses Destroy/Damages as per Disaster Events ( ) 200, , ,000 80,000 40,000 - Distroyed Houses Damaged Houses Source: Nepal Disaster Report-2011 Government of Nepal

6 Disaster Losses and Damages in Nepal Source: Nepal Disaster Report-2011 Government of Nepal

Number of Deaths (1971-2010) Earthquake 3% Accident 3% Thunderstorm 3% Cold wave 2% Structural Collapse 1% Boat Capsize

7 Number of Deaths ( ) Earthquake 3% Accident 3% Thunderstorm 3% Cold wave 2% Structural Collapse 1% Boat Capsize 1% Other events 3% Fire 4% Flood 13% Epidemics 53% Landslide 14% Source: Nepal Disaster Report-2011 Government of Nepal

8 Loss of lives by major types of disasters in Nepal ( ) Loss of Lives 350 Flood and Landslide 300 Earthquake Thunderbolt 250 Fire Hailstone 200 Windstorm 150 Epidemic Avalanche Year

9 Loss in Million NRs. Loss due to all types of disasters compared to gross domestic products (GDP) Building Destruction Building Damage Road Agriculture Livestock Land Total Sectoral Reported Monetary Loss Sector of Loss Source: Nepal Disaster Report-2011 Government of Nepal

10 NRCS Involvement in Preparedness and response Preparedness/ Risk Reduction Long term Recovery Disaster Response/RFL Early Recovery DRM Mission To deliver quality services targeting to most vulnerable population and scale up its interventions for building safer and more resilient communities by mobilizing its nationwide networks in partnership with communities and other stakeholders

11 Disaster Risk Management Source: IFRC

12 Areas of Interventions (Contd) S/community based DRR/adaptation Institutional preparedness Advocacy and working together Disaster Preparedne ss and Response

13 NRCS Response System Early Notifications (within 6 hours) Relief Phase (60-90 days) (72 hours) search and rescue/first aid Rapid assessment Distribution of Relief Items Distribution of ready to eat food Distribution of non food items Detail Needs Assessment (4-10 days) Sector specific response Distribution of stable food Distribution of NFRI Transitional shelter/safe drinking water and health Detail Need and Damage Assessment Recovery Phase (60 days) Early Recovery along with Sector Specific Response Distribution of staple food, non-food items (as per need); Provision of safe drinking water; Basic health support; Livelihood promotion, Reconstruction etc

15 Response Capacity at Different Level RDRT NDRT, CSSR, MFR DDRT,PSS,DBM/RFL LSAR/Community Actions for Disaster Response

16 Adaptation/Risk Reduction and Coping Mechanism Adaptive capacity Effective Response Building resilient communities

Relief to Recovery to Development /Adaptation

FUNDING WINDOWS PRIMARILY MULTILATERAL PRIMARILY

Recovery Relief Development Disaster Risk

Procurement and distribution of life saving

assessment Strategic planning and Appeal revision

monitoring and review Ongoing assessment Proposal

Monitoring and evaluation 1-5 years Government,

17 Relief to Recovery to Development /Adaptation DEVELOPMENTAL FUNDING WINDOWS HUMANITARIAN FUNDING WINDOWS PRIMARILY MULTILATERAL PRIMARILY BILATERAL Medium / longer term Recovery Early Recovery Relief Development Disaster Risk Reduction Day 1 Rapid assessment Appeal and PoA Procurement and distribution of life saving support Process monitoring 3-6 mths Detailed assessment Strategic planning and Appeal revision Provision of life restoring support Impact monitoring and review Ongoing assessment Proposal development Reconstruction and rehabilitation Monitoring and evaluation 1-5 years Government, partner organisations and NS long term programming priorities for socioeconomic development

seeking additional support, well established office and procedures, household and community

18 Community empowerment and Networking: Training and capacity building, preparedness for better response, established community structures Community is able to identify gaps and seeking additional support, well established office and procedures, household and community level plans, local level response mechanism/simulation and drills, resource collection and mobilization

Sanitation and hygiene practices Construction of

latrines Hand washing Garbage Management Use of

Quality Test at Community Level Beni, Myagdi

19 Sanitation and hygiene practices Construction of Tube Well in flood prone area, Kanchanpur Use of latrines Hand washing Garbage Management Use of safe water Open defecation free Community Water Quality Test at Community Level Beni, Myagdi Enhancement for the promotion of local resources Bhaudaure, Okhaldhunga

20 Adaptation/Mitigation Measures Community contribution and coordination : about 5 times higher than program support Example: Spur at Mahamai river, Illam Reclamation of land after mitigation structure

21 Uplifting Water point

COMMUNITY PEOPLE ARE THE FIRST RESPONDERS AND LOCAL RESOURCES ARE MORE VALUABLE THAN OUTSIDE RESOURCES IN ANY DISASTERS Earthquake measuring 6.

22 COMMUNITY PEOPLE ARE THE FIRST RESPONDERS AND LOCAL RESOURCES ARE MORE VALUABLE THAN OUTSIDE RESOURCES IN ANY DISASTERS Earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale Community efforts towards 5 CBDRR implemented communities of earthquake response Panchthar District affected 64 houses damaged (fully/partially) CBDRR Unit at Helung, Sapsu, Chhape, Buduk and Hangyok called an emergency meeting Decided to conduct rapid assessment in affected areas. DRR unit operational 24X7: 45 members mobilized 5 DRR Units provided 20 NFRIs to 20 affected families for temporary shelters and they also distributed 5 NFRIs sets to 5 affected families in vicinity of program communities. Emergency fund mobilized for food

23 Efforts being made for building resilient to disaster National strategy for disaster risk management (NSDRM) National disaster response framework (NDRF) District disaster preparedness and response plan Local disaster risk management plan Nepal Risk reduction consortium and five flagships (developed jointly characteristics of resilient communities) NAPA, LAPA Establishment of NEOCs and DEOCs SOPs development and testing

24 Coordination and Partnership GoN NRCS IFRC Home Ministry CNDRC Central Executive Committee ICRC International Community/donor s Central DM Committee PNSs UN Agencies DP-NET DCM Department DP/DRR DR 1) Institutional DP 2) CBDRR INGOs 1) Relief and rehab 2) Population movement District Administration Office (75 districts) District Chapter-75 Districts DMC Districts Chapter DMC VDCs-3913 Municipalities-58 Sub-Chapter & Cooperation Committee DMC (but not in all place) NGOs CBOs

25 Experiences/Lessons learned CBDRR/adaptation project implemented communities are better prepared for responding to emergencies Local level DRR funds help timely responding to emergencies Enforcement of regulatory measures helps avoiding new risks (schools, roads and other infrastructure) Hazard mapping, identifying potential warehouses, stockpiling of the relief items and development of trained HR along with the equipment in advance ensure timely response Channelizing CC funding to DPR (Compensation to L&D) 25

26 Experiences/lessons learned Investing 1 NPR in DRR/mitigation/adaptation is worth to 19 NPR in response (Cost benefit analysis) Collaboration among the line ministries and concerned stakeholders Assessment and beneficiary selection process needs to be further strengthened especially DANA Regular simulation and drill exercises are needed to test preparedness capacity and upgrade them accordingly Accountability framework need to be further applied and disseminated (earthquake resistant schools were collapsed) EWS/household level preparedness is a key to save lives/prop.

27 Conclusions and recommendations Disaster events are increasing and losses have been many fold higher than the past Climate change has been contributing significantly in increasing disaster events and their pattern Human losses can not be calculated in monetary term Legal and policy framework are key to effective implementation Mainstreaming adaptation in development planning/drm Long term planning in line with sustainable development Strengthening capacity of technical institution for getting accurate information in timely manner Nationwide risk and capacity mapping Expansion of early warning in risk areas Development/ harmonization/ of plans (districts, communities, households), CP Regular simulation and drill exercises Assessment of existing communication mechanism

Nepal Red Cross Society. Disaster Management Strategic Framework

Nepal Red Cross Society. Disaster Management Strategic Framework Nepal Red Cross Society Disaster Management Strategic Framework 2010-2015 Page 1 of 30 Foreword The Nepal Red Cross Society is clear in its mission that is to relieve human suffering and to reduce vulnerability