MOSCOW CITY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT FOR NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. Information on ambient air quality in Moscow

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1 MOSCOW CITY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT FOR NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Information on ambient air quality in Moscow

2 1.Brief description of the ambient air quality monitoring system in Moscow Ambient air quality in Moscow is monitored 24 hours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year. 26 pollutants are being monitored of which 6 are the priority ones in accordance to the World Health Organization (hereinafter referred to as WHO) Guidelines. These are: carbon monoxide (CO) nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) Ambient air quality monitoring system is comprised of 54 automatic air monitoring stations covering the whole city area and being distributed around administrative districts of the city. ground-level ozone (O 3 ) particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 1 microns and less than 2.5 microns (PM1 and PM25 respectively). Continuous automatic monitoring of pollutants 26: CO PM25 benzene Phenol CO 2 NO 2 TSP toluene Styrene Nitrous acid NO SO 2 M-xylol Naphthalene methane O 3 NH 3 P-xylol Ethyl benzene volatile organic compounds (VOC) PM1 H 2 S formaldehyde O 2 NOx non methane volatile organic compounds. 1

3 1.Brief description of the ambient air quality monitoring system in Moscow 54 automatic air quality monitoring stations: PM25 and PM1 levels are monitored by means of 28 PM1 monitoring stations and 15 PM25 monitoring stations respectively. Measurement results are available on-line on the website of the Moscow Governmental Environmental Institution «Mosecomonitoring» The ambient air monitoring system meets the requirements of Directive 28/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 28 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe and complies to the WHO recommendations on ambient air quality monitoring to assess human health impact (SIXTY-EIGHTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY WHA68.8 Agenda item May 215 Health and the environment: addressing the health impact of air pollution). Road traffic stations - 1; Residential territories near industrial enterprises including mobile automatic stations 15; Residential stations - 18; Park stations 2; Multilevel station 4 heights; Rural background 1. 2

4 1.Brief description of the ambient air quality monitoring system in Moscow In addition 14 pollutants can be measured using the sampling and further laboratory analysis if needed. Ambient air quality control is carried out at the residential areas near highways and industrial facilities and at the urban natural areas as well; Both an express analysis of 2 pollutants and sampling for further laboratory analysis are used (chromatography and chromato-mass-spectrometric equipment mass spectrometers with inductively coupled plasma and atomic absorption complexes and etc). The requirements on the equipment calibration and regular data quality control are fully met. High reliability of the air quality monitoring data in Moscow is recognized internationally: Participation in the Interlaboratory comparison exercises organized by WHO and the European Commission s Joint Research Centre (JRC) (once in two years since 211) The results are published in the bulletins of WHO Collaborating Centre for Air Quality Management and Air Pollution Control at the Federal Environment Agency Germany Moscow is a permanent member of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment of the UN Economic Commission for Europe 3

5 2. Ambient air quality in Moscow. Dynamics of the priority pollutants annual mean concentrations in the ambient air and comparison with the WHO Guidelines 12 СО mg/m 3 Annual mean concentrations 7 NO 2 mg/m 3 WGV* * * 8 SO 2 mg/m 3 WGV* (2 mg/m 3 ) 35 О 3 mg/m * * PM1 mg/m WGV* (2 mg/m 3 ) * 215* - predicted WGV - the WHO Guideline values In most of the other megacities of the world PM1 annual mean concentrations do not yet comply with the WHO Guideline values as well. Ambient air quality monitoring data show a longterm trend of gradual reduction of nitrogen oxide (an average 1% per year) and carbon monoxide (an average 15% per year) that is followed by stabilization of the annual mean concentrations. Annual mean concentrations of NO 2 and O 3 are mostly stable. 4

6 2. Ambient air quality in Moscow. Ambient air quality in Moscow in 215 for priority pollutants and comparison with the WHO Guidelines Monthly mean concentrations СО mg/m 3 NO 2 mg/m Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct SO 2 mg/m 3 PM1 mg/m Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct 5

7 2. Ambient air quality in Moscow. Ground-level ozone 215 The main maximum of ground-level ozone occurs in April-May due to intense vertical mixing and inflow of ozone-rich air from the upper troposphere. 8-hour mean Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sept Oct mg/m Parts of the WHO Guideline* values Number of days with exceedance (above 1 mg/m 3 ) Days Monthly mean mg/m 3 mg/m * 1 mg/m 3 8-hour mean according to the WHO Guidelines 6

8 2. Ambient air quality in Moscow. Position of Moscow among other world cities Comparison of the annual mean concentrations of the priority pollutants in the world cities (based on the open data of the official ambient air quality monitoring systems) The comparative analysis shows that in general air pollution in Moscow is comparable to that of the western and developed eastern cities. Annual mean СО μg/m 3 Annual mean NО 2 μg/m 3 Data sources: Prague Mexico Hong Kong 6 5 London Beijing Mexico Hong Kong Paris Hong Kong - Stockholm Moscow London Tokyo Paris Stockholm Berlin 4 3 Paris Tokyo Moscow New York Prague Berlin uk-air.defra.gov.uk London - Berlin messages/44oldsite.html New York Annual mean PM1 μg/m 3 Annual mean SO 2 μg/m 3 Prague bjmemc.com.cn - Beijing 115 Beijing Beijing - Tokyo php?opc=z6bhnmi - Mexico 55 Moscow Mexico Hong Kong 1 Hong Kong Mexico Stockholm Paris London Prague Berlin 5 Stockholm London Berlin Prague Moscow Tokyo Paris New York 7