Energy Flow in Alaska. AEA Rural Energy Conference September 2005 Steve Colt UAA Institute of Social and Economic Research

Transcription

1 Energy Flow in Alaska AEA Rural Energy Conference September 2005 Steve Colt UAA Institute of Social and Economic Research

2 Energy satisfies our end-use needs Warm rooms Cold freezer Transportation (snowmachines( snowmachines,, barges) Light Mechanical Power (power tools.) Sound (speakers) Communication (internet, telephone, )

3 Energy is converted from one form to another Electricity is an energy currency, not a primary energy source Hydrogen is an energy currency too! Example: Your Toaster Solar energy plants Natural Gas Electricity Electricity Heat (toast + low-grade heat)

4 Evolution of Conversion Devices Source: Smil 1994

5 U.S. primary energy sources change over time USGS 1991

6 Turning to Alaska--

7 Arrows not to Exact Scale!

8 What is 1 trillion btu? 171,674 barrels oil per trillion btu (@42 gallons/barrel) TAPS = 1 million barrels/day = 5.2 tr btu 7.2 million gallons oil (@138,690 btu/gallon) 292,997 MWh of electricity PCE utilities sales = 403,348 MWh = 1.4 tr btu

9 What is 1 trillion btu? 1 billion cubic feet natural gas = 1 tr btu Cook Inlet gas reserves =2,000 bcf = 2,000 trillion btu N Slope gas reserves = 35,000 bcf = 35,000 trillion btu

10 The really big picture: overall disposition of energy (trillion btu) Total petro leum Wood, Ethanol, Wind, and Geother mal Fossil Electricity Coal Natural Gas Hydroelectric Total Gross Extraction 22 2,651 2, ,845 - Re Injected Gas 2,288 2,288 - Other Use during Extraction = Net Extraction , ,358 - Raw Exports 11 1,868 1,879 - Processing Use Refining conversion - =Alaska product disposition Product Exports Imports = Primary energy consumption Input to Electric Power electricity output =Final consumption

11 Overall Disposition of Energy trillion btu 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, ,000 net consump elec losses product import product export crude export re-injected used for xtraction gross extraction

12 Oil & gas processing (462 trillion btu) other product 13% used up 8% Oil and gas processing 462 trillion btu LNG 16% distillate 7% ammonia & urea 11% gasoline 10% jet fuel 35%

13 Exports (2,140 trillion btu) trillion btu 5,000 Motor Gasoline 4,000 1% 3,000 2,000 1,000 Jet Fuel 5% 0 Exports: total 2,140 Liquid Natural Gas, Ammonia, and Urea 4% Coal net consump 1% elec losses product import product export crude export re-injected used for Crude xtraction Oil 89% gross extraction -1,000 Jet fuel exports are to foreign flights

14 Arrows not to Exact Scale!

15 Electricity production (38( trillion btu) 40 trillion btu losses electricity hydro diesel natural gas coal 0 Inputs outputs

16 Final consumption (222( trillion btu) trillion btu other electricity coal natural gas diesel /gasoline industrial commercial residential other transportation 0 sector fuel jet fuel

17 The Natural Gas Network

18 PCE Communities

19 Everywhere else

20 Primary energy consumption per Alaskan Primary Energy Input per Alaskan barrels oil per person per year 80 Barrels of Oil per Year Wood and all other Other petroleum Jet Fuel Gasoline Diesel Hydro Coal Natural Gas - Alaska Gas Network PCE places Other

21 Final energy consumption per Alaskan barrels oil per person per year Final Energy Consumption per Alaskan 80 Barrels of Oil per Year Jet air transportation Other transportation Industrial Oil/propane/wood direct Natural gas direct generation losses Electricity - Alaska Gas Network PCE places Other

22 Arrows not to Exact Scale!

23 Alaska s three energy consumption challenges For the gas network, the era of cheap local gas is over For PCE places, the costs of liquid fuels delivered by barge are high and rising Alaskans have global responsibilities as energy consumers and carbon emitters

24 Full Report: Alaska Electric Power Statistics with Energy Balance Other references: Alaska Electric Power Statistics (with Alaska Energy Balance) by Scott Goldsmith, November BP Statistical Review of World Energy Smil, Vaclav Energy in World History. Westview. Smil, Vaclav Energy at the Crossroads. MIT Press.