Energy Introduction and Overview. September 3, 2013

Transcription

1 Energy Introduction and Overview September 3, 2013

2 Announcements Thursday, September 5, 5:15-6:15 Framing Energy Innovation Policy: Why We Fail to Learn from Experience. Jeffrey Alexander, Associate Director for Research & Analytics at SRI International Avaya Auditorium (POB 2.302) Page 2

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4 How is most electricity in the United States generated? Is it a) by burning oil, coal, and wood b) with nuclear power 95% Correct c) through solar energy, or d) at hydro electric power plants?

5 Which of the following uses the most energy in the average home? Is it a) lighting rooms b) heating water 89% Correct c) heating and cooling rooms, or d) refrigerating food?

6 Which of the following sectors of the U.S. economy consumes the greatest percentage of the nation s petroleum? Is it a) the residential sector b) the commercial sector 44% Correct c) the transportation sector, or d) the industrial sector?

7 Which fuel is used to generate the most energy in the U.S. each year? Is it a) petroleum b) coal 26% Correct c) natural gas, or d) nuclear?

8 Though the U.S. has only four percent of the world s population, what percentage of the world s energy does it consume? Is it a) 5 percent b) 15 percent 36% Correct c) 20 percent, or d) 25 percent?

9 In the last ten years, which of the following industries in the U.S. economy has increased its energy demands the most? Is it a) the food industry b) the transportation industry 43% Correct c) the computer and technology industry, or d) the health care industry?

10 In the past ten years, has the average miles per gallon of gasoline used by vehicles in the U.S. a) increased b) remained the same 54% Correct c) gone down, or d) not been tracked?

11 Scientists have not determined the best solution for disposing of nuclear waste. In the U.S., what do we do with it now? Do we a) use it as nuclear fuel 74% Correct b) sell it to other countries c) dispose of it in landfills, or d) store and monitor the waste?

12 The U.S. currently uses oil from both domestic and foreign sources. What percentage of the oil is imported? Is it a) 10 percent 36% Correct b) 20 percent c) 35 percent, or d) 60 percent?

13 Scientists say the fastest and most costeffective way to address our energy needs is to a) develop all possible domestic sources of oil and gas 72% Correct b) build nuclear power plants c) develop more hydroelectric power plants, or d) promote more energy conservation

14 Energy Data Today s Lecture EIA Annual Energy Review (AER) 2012 EIA Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) 2012 EIA International Energy Outlook (IEO) 2012 Other Places to Go International Energy Agency (IEA) ExxonMobil Outlook for Energy BP Energy Outlook and Statistical Review Page 14

15 Energy vs. Power Energy = Force*Distance Force = Mass*Acceleration Energy = Mass*Acceleration*Distance Power = Energy/Time Power = Mass*Acceleration*Distance/Time Page 15

16 Units of Energy & Power Energy: Joule (J), British Thermal Unit (BTU), calorie (cal), Kilowatt-hour (kwh), ton-hour (tonhr) Power: Watt (W=J/s), Horsepower (hp), refrigeration ton Page 16

17 Energy Prefixes Prefix Multiplier English Kilo- (k) 1000 Thousand Mega- (M) 10 6 Million Giga- (G) 10 9 Billion Tera- (T) Trillion Peta- (P) Quadrillion Exa- (E) Quintillion Roman Numeral Multiplier English M 1000 Thousand MM 10 6 Million Page 17

18 Common Energy Units Quad = BTU MMBTU = Million BTU EJ = 0.95 Quad Page 18

19 How Big is a Quad? 8 billion gallons of gasoline At 25 miles per gallon (mpg), that is enough gasoline to drive around the earth 8 million times, or enough to drive to the sun 2150 times. 45 million short tons of coal This amounts to a pile 10 feet thick, one mile wide and about 3.3 miles long. At 60 mph, it would take about 9 minutes to drive around the pile. 293 billion kilowatt-hours (kwh) That is enough energy to supply 27.5 million households in the United States with electricity for a year Page 19

20 Energy Equivalent Units bbl or boe = 42 gal of oil = 5.6*10 6 BTU SCF Methane 1000 BTU Ton coal 27*10 6 BTU Other: tones of oil equivalent (toe), tons of liquefied natural gas (t NG), cubic meters of natural gas (m 3 NG) Page 20

21 World Energy Consumption by Fuel Source: IEO 2012 Page 21

22 China, India Driving Growth Source: IEO 2012 Page 22

23 Quads China Uses Lots of Coal Source: IEO 2012 Page 23

24 Fossil Fuel Emission Levels Pounds per Billion Btu of Energy Input Pollutant Natural Gas Oil Coal Carbon Dioxide 117, , ,000 Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide 1 1,122 2,591 Particulates ,744 Mercury Source: EIA Natural Gas Issues and Trends Page 24 24

25 CO 2 Emissions Page 25

26 Most CO 2 Emissions from 10 Countries Source: IEA 2012 Page 26

27 Big Polluters are Improving Source: IEA 2012 Page 27

28 U.S. Energy Overview Total Energy Expenditures: $1.2 Trillion Page 28 Source: EIA AER 2012

29 Energy Consumption Projections Source: AEO 2012 Page 29

30 2006 Projections Source: AEO 2006 Page 30

31 1990 Projections Source: AEO 1990 Page 31

32 Source: AEO Projections Page 32

33 Energy Consumption by Sector Page 33 Source: EIA AER 2012

34 Energy Flows Page 34 Source: EIA AER 2012

35 Energy Flows Page 35 Source: EIA AER 2012

36 Coal Page 36 Source: EIA AER 2012

37 Historical Energy Consumption Page 37

38 Coal Solves Deforestation? Page 38

39 What Are the Major Renewables? Page 39

40 Renewables Today Page 40 Source: EIA AER 2012

41 Renewables Page 41 Source: EIA AER 2012

42 Solar/PV Energy Consumption (Trillion BTU) Solar/PV Energy in US Year Page 42 Source: EIA AER 2012

43 Petroleum Exporting Country? Page 43

44 U.S. at Night Page 44

45 Gasoline Prices Page 45

46 Gasoline Prices Page 46

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49 Energy Consumption by State Source: EIA AER 2012 Page 49

50 Energy Consumption Per Capita (Million BTU) We Use a Lot of Energy Page World Germany U.S. Texas Source: EIA AER 2012

51 Energy Consumption Per Capita (Quads) Energy Will Be a Major Challenge (7 Billion People) 2050 (9.5 Billion People) Page 51 0 World Germany U.S. Texas Note: Population Growth Based on U.N. Medium Growth Projections

52 Earth at Night Page 52

53 Gapminder Cheap Energy = Electricity Cheap Energy = Better Quality of Live Gapminder.com Page 53

54 Wealth Improves Living Conditions Page 54

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