Solar Glitter-Microsystems Enabled PV

Transcription

1 Solar Glitter-Microsystems Enabled PV October 20-21, 2010 Dr. Jeffrey S. Nelson Co-Director, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National Laboratories

2 Challenges for the PV Industry (DOE Multi-Year Program Plan, NIST Workshop-May 2010) Silicon: - More efficient use of Si (grams/wp) - Move to thinner wafers (<100 m thickness) - Manufacturing Improvements PV Systems have not changed much in 30 years! (NIST Workshop Quote) Thin-Films: - Overcome performance limitations - Manufacturable 20% efficient module Concentrated PV: - Low cost high efficiency system designs - Higher efficiency cells (>50%) - Automated manufacturing and assembly Organics: - Improved Performance and Reliability

3 PV System Cost Target Current Utility Scale PV Current Residential Scale PV

4 Current PV State-of-the-Art CdTe Concentrated PV (CPV) a-si

5 Thin-Film CdTe

6 Opportunities for PV System Cost Reductions ~75% of Module Cost is the Cell ~85% of Cell cost is Materials

7 PV Learning Curve

8 Manufacturing Cost Reductions Rajendra Singh, "Why silicon is and will remain the dominant photovoltaic material," Journal of Nanophotonics, vol. 3, (2009), p. 4.

9 Grid Parity Considerations Current Grid Parity Solar Markets Hypothetical 2015 Grid Parity Solar Markets (~2x Lower System Cost) Grid parity doesn t assure adoption! * Capital Cost (another 2x in cost reduction) * Aesthetics * Reliability *

10 Solar Glitter: Microsystem-Enabled PV (Sandia R&D Efforts) Double the efficiency and half the cost of conventional PV high efficiency (cell level >50%, system level >40%) Utility PV reduced cost (module cost of ~$ /Watt peak, system cost of $2-3/Watt peak ). Lightweight Rooftop Flexible

11 Thin c-si PV Cells 10 to 20 m thick; 0.25mm to 1 cm across

12 Release Thin c-si PV Cells and Reuse Substrate

13 Performance of Thin c-si PV Cells: Design of High Watt/Gram, Ultra-Thin c-si & GaAs Photovoltaic Cells 14 micron thick Crystalline Si Cell 14 micor Si Cell 15 % Efficiency (after 1 year of R&D)

14 Thin GaAs Cell Performance

15 Potential Benefits of Small Cells Thermal Management Optical System And Tracking

16 Innovative Fab Processes For Assembly Wafer die Cells on tape

17 High-Efficiency Concentrated PV Product Platform Conceptual cross-section of PV cell structure. This structure removes or reduces many of the constraints on current multijunction cells. Incoming solar spectrum Small dimensions allow high-quality, molded refractive optics Each junction independently electrically connected Cells grown independently, out of ideal materials, and proper thickness for efficient energy absorption and transmission on order of 1 mm

18 Solar Paint and Crystalline Thin-Films? Figure 4. Non-functional demo of flexible PV structure constructed using c-si MEPV cells.

19 High Efficiency Flexible PV Product Platform ~0.5 m2 area Peak output is 26 W Efficiency is <5% Cost $334 Sandia Approach Backpack with integrated solar Cost $200 Peak power is 4.5 W

20 More Information Microsystems-Enabled Photovoltaics: A Path to the Widespread Harnessing of Solar Energy Vipin Gupta, Jose Luis Cruz-Campa, Murat Okandan, Gregory Nielson Sandia National Laboratories

21 Sandia s Photovoltaic Facilities PV Systems Evaluation and Optimization Lab Distributed Energy Technology Lab Controlled Side-by-Side Component, Array and System Characterization Full-scale cell and module characterization laboratory Comprehensive Data Acquisition Systems Grid Integration, Inverters, Combiners, Disconnects- All Reconfigurable Simulate micro-grid or community (25 homes and businesses), including PV Storage Fuel Cells Microturbines Diesel gensets Testbed for advanced power conversion and energy management systems

22 Sandia National Laboratories National Solar Thermal Test Facility DISH STIRLING PARABOLIC TROUGH 22

23 Questions?