Integrating Anthropogenic Material Stocks And Flows Into Modern Resource Classification Frameworks

Transcription

1 Integrating Anthropogenic Material Stocks And Flows Into Modern Resource Classification Frameworks Andrea Winterstetter, David Laner, Helmut Rechberger, Johann Fellner Research Center of Waste and Resource Management Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources Workshop Mining the Technosphere Vienna, Austria October 1 st 2 nd, 2015

2 Content 1. Background 2. Goal & Motivation 3. Application of primary resources concepts to anthropogenic resources 4. The case of old landfills, obsolete PCs and in-use wind turbines 5. Conclusion & Outlook A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

3 1. Background Resources : Future economic extraction likely or Reserves : Current economic extraction possible A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

4 UNFC st digit (E): Socioeconomic viability 2 nd digit (F): Technical / project feasibility 3 rd digit (G): Knowledge on landfill s composition UNECE, 2010 A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

5 2. Goal & Motivation Fit anthropogenic resources into UNFC-2009, originally a primary resource classification framework Why? Holistic view of resource availability Information for decisions makers in waste management Feedback for design for recycling Systematic & neutral method needed A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

6 3. Application of a primary resource classification framework to anthropogenic resources A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

7 Geological activity Resource classification Anthropogenic vs. geogenic resources Age of mineral ore deposits: Millions of years Age of minable anthropogenic resources : Typically < 200 years Time Geogenic resources Human activity Anthropogenic resources IN-USE STOCK OBSOLETE STOCK WASTE FLOWS A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Winterstetter Vienna, 2015 et al. 2015a, submitted 7/18

8 Heterogeneity of anthropogenic resources Resource classification State of availability Example: Nd in wind turbines Example: Old landfills IN-USE STOCK OBSOLETE STOCK Yinan Chen WASTE FLOWS George Hotelling Example: E-waste Push vs. Pull situation: Pull : Landfill can be mined for resource recovery Push : Due to immanent pollution threat some landfills must be mined, e-waste flows must be treated in any case (EU law) Winterstetter et al. 2015a, submitted A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

9 Winterstetter et al. 2015b, submitted A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

10 4. Three show cases Obsolete Stock: Old landfill Waste Flow: Obsolete PCs In-Use Stock: NdFeB magnets in wind turbines A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

11 Phases & UNFC axes Goal Influencing factors Availability In-use stock Obsolete stock Waste flows 1. Prospection G Axis First estimates on resource potential Mining / handling condition System Variables Push Pull Type Size Location Composition 2. Exploration G Axis F-Axis Knowledge of extractable & potentially usable materials Technical feasibility & Project status Different options for technologies & project set-ups under specific constraints Extraction methods & technology with specific recovery efficiencies Institutional structures Project status 3.Evaluation E-Axis Socioeconomic viability of extraction & valorization Modifying factors Winterstetter et al. 2015b, submitted A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18 Prices for secondary products Investment & operating costs Costs for external treatment & disposal Avoided costs Subsidies 4. Classification Combination of all criteria & classification under UNFC-2009

12 Prospection & Exploration A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

13 Phases & UNFC axes Goal Influencing factors Availability In-use stock Obsolete stock Waste flows 1. Prospection G Axis First estimates on resource potential Mining / handling condition System Variables Push Pull Type Size Location Composition 2. Exploration G Axis F-Axis 3.Evaluation E-Axis Knowledge of extractable & potentially usable materials Technical feasibility & Project status Socioeconomic viability of extraction & valorization Different options for technologies & project set-ups under specific constraints Modifying factors Winterstetter et al. 2015b, submitted A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18 Extraction methods & technology with specific recovery efficiencies Institutional structures Project status Prices for secondary products Investment & operating costs Costs for external treatment & disposal Avoided costs Subsidies 4. Classification Combination of all criteria & classification under UNFC-2009

14 Evaluation A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

15 Phases & UNFC axes Goal Influencing factors Availability In-use stock Obsolete stock Waste flows 1. Prospection G Axis First estimates on resource potential Mining / handling condition System Variables Push Pull Type Size Location Composition 2. Exploration G Axis F-Axis Knowledge of extractable & potentially usable materials Technical feasibility & Project status Different options for technologies & project set-ups under specific constraints Winterstetter et al. 2015b, submitted A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18 Extraction methods & technology with specific recovery efficiencies Institutional structures Project status Prices for secondary products 3.Evaluation Socioeconomic Modifying Investment & operating viability of factors costs E-Axis extraction & Costs for external valorization treatment & disposal Avoided costs Subsidies 4. Classification Combination of all criteria & classification under UNFC-2009

16 Classification under UNFC-2009 UNECE, 2010 A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

17 5. Conclusion & Outlook Evaluation & classification of different types of anthropogenic resources under UNFC-2009 possible Obsolete stock: Closest to conventional mine In-use stock: New category needed F5? Waste Flow: System boundaries of project Challenges: Define specific evaluation guidelines & comparable criteria analogous with the axes & classes of UNFC-2009 How to deal with the inclusion (monetization) of nonmonetary effects? Common platform for describing & evaluating geogenic & anthropogenic resource deposits A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

18 Thank you for your attention! Contact: Andrea Winterstetter PhD Researcher Tel: andrea.winterstetter@tuwien.ac.at Many thanks to the contributors: David Laner Johann Fellner Helmut Rechberger A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18

19 Literature UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), (2010). United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and Resources ECE ENERGY SERIES No.39. United Nations: New York, Winterstetter, A., Laner, D., Rechberger, H., Fellner, J., Framework for the evaluation of anthropogenic resources: A landfill mining case study Resource or reserve? Resources, Conservation and Recycling 96, Winterstetter, A., Laner, D., Rechberger, H., Fellner, J., 2015a, submitted. Methodology of integrating anthropogenic materials into modern resource classification frameworks. Submitted to Journal of Cleaner Production. Winterstetter, A., Laner, D., Rechberger, H., Fellner, J., 2015b, submitted. Evaluation and classification of different types of anthropogenic resources: The case of old landfills, obsolete computers and in-use wind turbines. Submitted to Journal of Cleaner Production. A. Winterstetter Workshop Mining the Technosphere, Vienna, /18