DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ONE TONNE TENSILE TESTING MACHINE FOR LABORATORY USE

Transcription

1 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ONE TONNE TENSILE TESTING MACHINE FOR LABORATORY USE BY, AKUBUE, JOHN P. CHIDI EM DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA NOVEMBER, 2007

2 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ONE TONNE TENSILE TESTING MACHINE FOR LABORATORY USE BY AKUBUE JOHN P. CHIDI EM A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED TO THE'DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE A WARD OF BACHELOR DEGREE (8. ENG) IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA. NOVEMBER, 2007 II

3 DECLARA TION I, AKUBUE, JOHN P. CHIDI, Hereby declare that this project "design and fabrication of one tonne tensile testing machine for laboratory use", presented in partial fulfilment for the requirement of award of Bachelor of Engineering (B. Eng) degree in an original work. Information obtained from published and unpublished work of others are acknowledge accordingly. III

4 APPRO V AL PAGE This is to certify that this project titled "design and fabrication of one tonne tensile machine for laboratory use" was fully carried out by AKUBUE JOHN P. CHID!. Under the supervision of Prof. M.S Abolarin and submitted to the department of mechanical engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna in partial fulfilment of award of bachelor or degree In engineering (B. Eng) in mechanical engineering. M '. M.S Abolarin ~ LLL '2...<.JDrbate Project supervisor Dr. E Mudiare Date Head of Department External supervisor Date IV

5 DEDICATION I am dedicating this project work to my beloved great, great, great, grand mother, Lolo, Ezinna Nnemurauarah, Catherine Akubue, who had advised, is still advising and will continue to advise me on how to work real hard and also to be responsible in life. Kuwos Mama N'gbagd! v

6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT My deepest and profound gratitude goes first to God Almighty for His Mercies, gui'dance and provision, wisdom and strength, understanding, knowledge, health of mind and body given me through out the course of my study especially while carrying out this project work. Special thanks to my project supervisor, Dr. M.S Abolarin, for his assistance toward the successful completion of my career in the university. My noble recognition and appreciation also goes to my intellectual lecturer in the department of mechanical engineering, FUT Minna for their reactive knowledge impacted to us during our course of study. I am highly indepted to members of my family; Mr & Mrs. M. 0 Akubue, Mr & Mrs. C.A Akubue, Onyebuchi, Chizoba, Ngozi, Onyinye, Charlse, Nnabuchi, Edozie, Ubasinachi, Adaora, John, Anayo, Kingsley, Maxwell, Chinwe, Chijioke and Co. For their sincere love and prayer during my study. I live for you. My appreciation also goes to some wonderful friends; Joseph Ukpong, Awwal, Magnus, Cy, Philip, Ozoemena, Martins, Andy, Domdom, Emeka, Austin, Amadi, Jacob, Adams, Cynthia, Chizzy, Rita, Nene, Emilia, Agatha, Adlyn, Faith, Peace, Uche, Amaka and Co. My warm thanks to my hommies, Jonsola, Flow, J-boy, John Abu, Don P, Jay-P, Ojaree, Ogene, Austin, Zola, Ozone and co. I register my sincere appreciation to my beloved bella, Amauche, for her loving care and prayer throughout the work of this project. VI

7 Finally, this project work will be incomplete if i fail to acknowledge my project colleagues who offered meaningful criticism to the success of the project. God bless you all! vii

8 ABSTRACT This project work concerns a one tonne horizontal tensile testing machine which was designed, fabricated and tested to be lised for testing small diameter metals (6mm - 9mm). Materials used in this project were sourced locally,. The value of, the mechanical properties eg tensile strength, yield strength, percent elongation and percent reduction in area got for a copper specimen were compared with those of standard ASTM A6 values and found satisfactory. VIII

9 ABSTRACT This project work concerns a one tonne horizontal tensile testing machine which was designed, fabricated and tested to be used for testing small diameter metals (6rt}m - 9mm). Materials used in this project were sourced locally,. The value of the mechanical properties eg tensile strength, yield strength, percent elongation and percent reduction in area got for a copper specimen were compared with those of standard ASTM A6 values and found satisfactory. viii

10 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page ii Declaration iii Approval Page iv Dedication v Acknow ledgement vi Abstract viii Table of contents x List of figures xiv List of tables xv N otati onin omenclature xvi CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Aim/objectives of study Relevance of the study Limitation of study ",',., x

11 CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Literature Review Mechanical properties of Engineering Materials Concept of stress Stress-Strain behaviour }\])aelasticity Elastic properties of Materials Plastic deformation Behaviour of material Definition of tensile related terms Tensile Testing Machines ;-13 CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Design analysis and calculation Operation of the horizontal testing machine Power Screw Determination of torque Efficiency of a square threaded screw Stresses in Power screw Bearing Pressure W e1dment Xl