TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Transcription

1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS PAGODA CABLES PVT. LTD. 1/58, STREET NO: 3, VISHWAS NAGAR, SHAHDARA, DELHI (INDIA) TEL/FAX : ,

2 CONTENTS: 1. ABOUT PAGODA 2. PRODUCT RANGE 3. SELECTION OF CABLES 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN 5. DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION. FRLS SHEATHED CABLES. 7. TABLES ON TECHNICAL DATA: TABLE 1 CONDUCTOR RESISTANCE TABLE 2 REACTANCE. TABLE 3 CAPACITANCE TABLE SQ.MM. UPTO 1 CORES, ARMOURED/UNARMOURED CONTROL CABLES. TABLE SQ.MM. UPTO 1 CORES, ARMOURED/UNARMOURED CONTROL CABLES. TABLE SINGLE CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 7 TWO CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 8 THREE CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 9 THREE & HALF CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE FOUR CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 11 TWO CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR ARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 12 THREE CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR ARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 13 THREE & HALF CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR ARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 14 FOUR CORE COPPER CONDUCTOR ARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 15 SINGLE CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE TWO CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 17 THREE CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 18 THREE & HALF CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 19 FOUR CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR UNARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 2 TWO CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR ARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 21 THREE CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR ARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 22 THREE & HALF CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR ARMOURED CABLES. TABLE 23 FOUR CORE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR ARMOURED CABLES. 8. RATING FACTORS. 9. OVERLOAD & SHORT CIRCUIT CAPACITY. FORMULA FOR CALCULATING VOLTAGE DROP. 11. RECOMMENDATION FOR INSTALLATION. 12. RECOMMENDED "PAGODA" CABLE FOR MO TORS. 13. CURRENT FOR AC MOTORS. 14. CONVERSION TABLE. 15. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 1.

3 ABOUT PAGODA. Pagoda Cables Pvt. Ltd. is one of the renowned manufacturers of cables in the Cable dustry in dia. Our range encompasses a large variety of wires & cables including Flexible Cables, Control & Power Cables (Unarmoured & Armoured), Telephone Cables (Unarmoured & Armoured), Submersible Cables, Data Flow Cables, strumentation Cables, Coaxial Cables, Compensating cables and FRLS cables. Our Quality Assurance department performs regular checks on quality of cables online & offline to deliver high quality of cables. Pagoda Cables has established a favorable image in the eyes of people for reliability and coitment. 2.

4 OUR PRODUCT RANGE *Single Core Unarmoured/Armoured Cables upto 3 Sq. conforming to IS:1554 [Pt-I]:88. *Two Core, Three Core, Three & Half Core and Four Core Unarmoured/Armoured Power Cables upto 4 Sq.. conforming tois:1554[pt-i]:88. *Multicore Unarmoured/Armoured Control Cables upto 1 cores in 1.5 Sq.. & 2.5 Sq.. conforming to IS: 1554 [PT-I] : 88. * FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound ed Unarmoured/Armoured Cables SELECTION OF CABLE The following points should be taken into consideration before selecting any particular size and type of cable. [1] The System of Power & Voltage Source where the cable are being used. [2] Conditions of stallation at site. [3] Current Carrying Capacity of the cable. [4] Voltage Drop of the cable. [5] Short Circuit Capacity of the cable. 3.

5 QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN. We have a vigorous Quality Manual Plan comprising testing of incoming material, in line checks during production and final testing. The quality manual program is regularly reviewed to upgrade it. TEST ON RAW MATERIALS Raw materials are procured from approved vendors. Testing on raw material starts from vendor's end. The raw material are received along with the vendor's test report. The following tests conducted to test the raw material/verify the vendor's test report. Our laboratory is equipped with all the instruments to ensure that the various tests required under different specification are conducted before cables are cleared for despatch. Each consignment of cables is despatched to the customer with test report results of tests conducted in our laboratory. The details of tests conducted on raw material, in process and on final stage are given below:- 1.Conductor:- Tests are conducted on conductor as per IS:813:1984. Apart from these tests, if customers requires any other additional test. Those tests are also conducted. i) Conductor Resistance : % with the help of Kelvin Double Bridge for wire up to. diameter. Finer wires by sampling of % on lot basis. ii) Conductor Elongation : % on Tensile Testing machine for wires upto Diameter. Finer wires by sampling of % on lot basis. iii) Solder Bath/Persulphate : % for wires up to. Diameter Finer wires by sampling of ( For Tinned conductors only) % on lot basis. iv) Wrapping Test : % Wrapping is done manually. (For Aluminium Conductor Only) v) Tensile Strength : % on Tensile Testing Machine. (For Aluminium Conductor Only) 2. P.V.C. Compound. Tests are conducted on PVC Compound are as per IS:5831:1984. Apart from these tests, if customers requires any other additional tests. Those tests are also conducted. Sample of every consignment is first run on trial basis and following tests are conducted: - 4.

6 i) sulation Resistance : With Mega Ohms Meter. ii) Elongation : With Tensile Testing Machine. iii) Tensile Strength : With Tensile Testing Machine. iv) Spark Testing : With on line Spark Testers. v) High Voltage Test : With High Voltage Tester. vi) Thermal Stability Test : With Oven & PH Paper. vii) Oxygen & Temperature dex : With Oxygen Test Appartus Specification - ASTM -D 283. [For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound] viii) Smoke Density Test : With Smoke Density Test Appartus Specification -ASTM - D [For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound] ix) HCL Gas Generation Test : With HCL Gas Emission Test Appartus Specification IEC [For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound] TYPE TESTS :- i) Bleeding & Blooming : With Bleeding & Blooming tape and HST Oven. ii) Ageing : With Ageing Oven. iii) Hot Deformation : With Hot Deformation Apparatus. iv) Loss of Mass : With Electronic Balance & Additional Ageing Oven with Air Flow. 3. STEEL STRIP/WIRE:- We procure ISI marked G.I. wire & Strips conforming to IS:3975. However, the following Tests are conducted 5.

7 i) Dimension : % with Micrometer and Vernier Callipers. ii) Tensile Strength : % with Tensile Testing Machine. iii) Dip Test : with Dip Tester. PROCESS IN PROCESS TESTING TESTS a) CONDUCTOR STRANDING 1. Dimension of Conductor. 2. Lay Length & Direction of Lay. 3. Surface and Shape of Conductor 4. D.C. Resistance. b) INSULATION 1. Dimension of Core. [PVC EXTRUSION] 2. sulation. 3. Eccentricity of sulation Wall. 4. Spark Test. c) LAYING OF CORES. 1. Sequence of Cores. 2. Lay Length & Direction of Lay. 3. Laid Up Diameter. 4. Circularity of Cable. 5. High Voltage Test.. Conductor Resistance Test. d) INNER SHEATH 1. Surface. [PVC EXTRUSION] 2. Concentricity Diameter Over ner. 5. High Voltage Test.. Conductor Resistance Test. e) ARMOURING 1. Number & Size of Wire/Strip. 2. Lay Length & Direction of Lay. 3. Dia. Over Armouring. 4. Uniformity & Circularity of Cable. 5. High Voltage Test.. Conductor Resistance Test. f) OUTER SHEATH 1. Surface. [PVC EXTRUSION] 2. Concentricity Overall Diameter. 5 Embossing with requisite formation on outer sheath..

8 All the cables drums leaving "Pagoda" works undergo the following tests at final stage of manufacturer: ROUTINE TESTS i) Conductor Resistance Test ii) High Voltage Test. iii) Armour Resistance Test (For Mining Cable) ACCEPTANCE TESTS i) Conductor Resistance Test ii) Annealing Test [For Copper] iii) Tensile strength Test [For Aluminium] iv) Wrapping Test [For Aluminium] v) of sulation, ner sheath & Outer. vi) Tensile Strength & Elongation Test of sulation & Outer. vii) sulation Resistance Test. viii) High Voltage Test at Room Temperature Test. ix) Oxygen & Temperature dex test [For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound sulation &.] x) Smoke Density Test[For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound sulation &.] xi) HCL Gas Generation Test[For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound sulation &.] TYPE TESTS i) Conductor Resistance Test ii) Annealing Test [For Copper] iii) Tensile strength Test [For Aluminium] iv) Wrapping Test [For Aluminium] v) of sulation, ner sheath & Outer. vi) Tensile Strength & Elongation Test of sulation & Outer. vii) Ageing in air Oven of sulation & Outer. viii) Shrinkage Test of sulation & Outer. ix) Thermal Stability Test of sulation & Outer. x) Hot Deformation Test of sulation & Outer. xi) Heat shock Test of sulation & Outer. xii) Loss of Mass Test of sulation & Outer. xiii) Oxygen & Temperature dex [For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound sulation &.] xiv) Smoke Density Test[For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound sulation &.] xv) HCL Gas Generation Test[For FRLS PVC / FRHF Compound sulation &.] xvi) Test for Armouring Wires/strips. xvii) sulation Resistance Test. xviii) High Voltage Test [Water Iersion & at Room temperature] xix) Flaability Test. OPTIONAL TESTS i) Cold Bend Test. ii) Cold Impact Test. Iii) Armour Resistance Test [for other than Mining Cable] 7.

9 Cable Design & Construction IS:1554(Pt-I) : 88 Armoured and Unarmoured Single Core, Twin Core, Three Core and Multicore Copper or Aluminium conductor PVC sulated & ed cables for Electric supply and control purposes for use on AC voltage upto & including 1 V or DC upto & including V to earth. Conductor: The most acceptable metals for conductors are Copper or Aluminium due to their high conductivity and ductility. Therefore, Conductor material normally employed in PVC Cables are O, H2, or H4 EC grade Aluminium or high conductivity annealed copper or annealed tinned copper conforming in all respect to IS: 813:84. As Copper gets higher affinity with Sulphur, it corrodes in the atmostphere where Sulphur fumes are present. these conditions, tinned copper shall be used. Power Cables are mostly manufactured with Aluminium.Use of Copper has been restricted to Control Cables, Signalling Cables and Mining Cables as per Govt. Directives. The most economic construction for conductor is solid conductor. As area of conductor increases, solid conductor becomes more stiff and hence difficult to handle. this connection Stranded Construction is adopted i.e.made of number of strands, arranged in spiral layers in formations. Shaping of conductor is necessary in making Multicore Cables sizes above. Sq.. aluminium &. in copper conductor to obtain compact and economic design. Here, Stranded Conductors are shaped into a segment of a circle so that when all cores are laid, they form a complete circle. sulation: The PVC covering over conductor is called "INSULATION". It is a specially formulated best quality, high grade of Poly Vinyl Chloride conforming to IS 5831:84 and is applied by Extrusion process only. It is resistant to moisure, oils, alkalies, good dielectric and having high sulation Resistance values, Fire Retarding, Permanent Colours. Properties of General Purpose PVC Compound: S.No. Properties Values 1. Specific Gravity Tensile Strength(N/ ).to

10 3. CompressionStrength Elongation % HardnessRockwell(ShoreA) -. 4 ThermalConductivity 3-4 Cal/Sec/Sq.Cm./1( C/Cm.) 7. SpecificHeat,Cal/ C/gm ThermalResistitvity, C.Cm./W - 9. DielectricConstant,-Cycle 5-. DielectricStrengthKV/ VolumeResistivity Ohm-Cm DissipationFactor,-Cycle.-.15 PVC Compound is made of PVC resin, blended with Plastisizers, Stablizers, fillers, Lubricants, Antioxidant and certain special purpose additives to improve processability Electrical, Mechanical, Thermal and Chemical Propertiesandalsootherspecial requirements. We also provide Heat Resistance (H.R.) PVC Compound Flame Retardent low smoke (FRLS) PVC Compound & Flame Retardent Halogen Free (FRHF) Compund insulation on special requirement. IdentificationofCores: Thesulatedcoresareidentifiedwithacolourscheme as per IS:1554[Pt-I]-1988as follows: NoOfCores CoreColour 1 Red,Black,Yellow Blue or natural (non-pigmented) 2 Red&Black 3 Red,Yellow&Blue. 4 Red,Yellow,Blue&Black. 5 Red,Yellow,Blue,Black&Grey. case of cable exceeding five cores, two adjacent [Counting and direction core] in each layer shall be colored Blue, Yellow and remaining cores grey or Cores can also be identified by numbers printed on that of same colour. case of four cores cables with reduced neutral conductor[usually termed as 3 Core Cable] three main coresarecolouredred,yellowandblueandthereducedneutralcoreshallbeblack. LayingupofCores: Thecoresarelaidupwithasuitablelay. Thefinallayerhasalwaysarighthandlay. ½ 9.

11 ner: nersheathisprovidedoverlaidupofcores. ItisprovidedtogiveCircularShapeofthecableanditprovides beddingfor the armouring. IS:1554(Pt-I) - 88 permits following two methods of applying the ner of thermoplastic material i.e. PVC, Polyethyleneetc., Whichisnotharder than insulation. a) Extrudednersheath : Here the innersheath is provided by extrusion of thermoplastic overthelaidupofcores (b) Tappednersheath : Here theinnersheathis provided by wrapping at hermoplastic tape. Armouring: Armouring material is conforming to IS:3975. order to protect the cable against Mechanical Damages, armouring of steel wire/strip is provided. It provides mechanical protection to inside of cores and it carries earth ReturnCurrent incaseofshortcircuitofacorewitharmour.asperis:1554(pt-i)-88, RoundWirearmouringisprovided incablewherecalculateddiameterunderarmourisupto13. Abovethisthearmouriseithersteelwireorsteelstrip of size 4.X. As strip construction is economical, the manufacture always provides steel strip armouring unlesswirearmouringisspecified. long run of cable and in case of Mines, the round wire armour is must as strip construction provides, higher resistance to Earthfault Current and some times this current may not be sufficient to operate the circuit breaker in caseofearthfault. case of cables for use in mines, theresistanceofarmour shall not exceed that of the conductor of main by more than 33 percent for safety reasons. To achieve this, sometimes tinned hard drawn copper is used along with the galvanised steel Wires/Strips. Sometimes two layers of steel wires are provided to give extra protection. case of Single core armoured cables used in A.C. System, the material has to be non magnetic for armouring as in this case of return current is not passing through the same cable. Hence it will not cancel the magneticlines producedbycurrent.thesemagneticlines whichareoscillatingincaseofa.c.systemswillgiveriseto eddy currents in magnetic armouring and hence armouring will become hot, and this may lead to failure of the cable. Generally hard drawn aluminium wires/ strips are used for armouring in this case. D.C. System, Steel wires/strips armouringisused. Outer : order to protect the cable from moisure and other chemical erosions, a final covering of PVC compound is applied over armouring in case of armoured cable and over inner sheath in case of unarmoured cable called as "Outer ". Sometimes this outer sheath is required to be special compound to resist from termites, acids, fungis, rodentetc., weprovidethesame. IS:1554(Pt-I)-88specifiesnominalthickness and minimum thickness ofoutersheath for Unarmoured cables and minimum thickness ofoutersheath for Armoured Cables. It permits the following types of PVCcompound for sheathing. [i] Outer with type ST1 PVC Compound as per IS: which is suitable for C continuous operation. [ii] Outer with type ST2 PVC Compound as per IS: which is suitable for 85 C continuous operation..

12 stead of above two, we also provide flame Retardent Low Smoke (FRLS) PVC compound & Flame Retardent Halogen Free (FRHF) Compound sheathed cable on special requirement. CodesforCableDesignation: PVC Cables are designed as per the requirement of relevant IS specification. Following is the scheme of nomenclature. A - Aluminium Conductor when first letter of type designation. When type designation does not begin with A the cable has copper conductor. Y - When at first or second place in type designation, it stands for PVC W - Round Steel Wire Armouring. F - Flat Steel Strip Armouring. WW - Steel Double Round Wire Armouring. FF - Steel Flat Double Strip Armouring. YWY means Copper Conductor, PVC insulated, Round Wire Armoured and PVC ed Cable. AYFYmeansAluminiumConductor, PVCsulated, SteelStripArmouredandPVCOutered. PAGODAFLAMERETARDANTLOWSMOKECABLES Power Cable Steel Strip, armoured TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION AS PER IS:1554 IS Specification Control Cable Steel Strip, armoured Conductor : EC grade Aluminium sulation : PVC type AorC ner : PVC type ST1 nor ST2 Armour : Galvanised Steel strip Outer : PVC type ST1 or St Conductor : High conductivity Grade copper sulation : PVC type AorC ner : PVC type ST1 nor ST2 Armour : Galvanised Steel strip Outer : PVC type ST1 or ST2 CLASSIFICATION OF PVC COMPOUND Type Application Max.Conductor A sulation C C sulation 85 C ST1 C ST2 85 C 11.

13 modern Power, Chemical, Fertilizers, Cements Plants etc. and Public Places such as Hospitals, Railway Station, High Rise CoercialComplexes, Theatres, Airportsetc. manypvccablesarebunchedinacableshaftoronacabletrays. caseoffirein thesecables, thefirebecomesselfsustaining. MoreverduetoburningofPVC, adensecorrosivesmokeisemittedwhichmakesfire fighting very difficult, due to poor visibility and toxic nature of gas. HCL contents of the smoke, not only damages other costly equipmentlyingnearby, butalsopenetratestherccandcorrodesthesteelreinforcement. Duetothis, thereisextensivedamage totheproperty. Therefore, phenomenonoffirehasalwaysbeenamatterofseriousconcernandbehaviourofcableunderthefire. The phenomenon of fire has always been a matter of serious concern and the performance of electric cables in fire situation is becoming increasingly important, because every year innumberable persons die in fire and causing disasters to human life and property. vestigations have proved that under fire situations PVC emits large quantities of smoke and corrosive fumesmakingvirtuallyimpossibleforfirefightingandrescueoperations. FRLS PVC SHEATHEDCABLES FRLScablesincorporatesthefollowingfeatures: 1. No fire propogation. 2. Flame Retardancy. 3. Low Acid Emission- Normal cables smoke when combines with air moisture produces large amount of highly corrosive acids imposing threat to life and property while FRLS cables produces less smoke reducing the threat to life and property. 4. Lowsmokeemission. To overcome these problems, "PAGODA" has also successfully developed, tested and manufactured new generation FRLS[Flame Retardent Low Smoke] Cables. These cables with special PVC formulation material prevents the propagation of flame along the length when exposed to fire. addition, these cables emit low smoke and halogen emission is also reduced under fire conditions. These properties help iense fire fighting operation and prevention of further loss to costly equipment to which cablesareconnected. Advantagesof"PAGODAFRLS PVC SHEATHED CABLES" CABLES UnderFireConditions: i) creasedresistancetoignitionrelativeofhigheroxygenindexandtemperatureindex. ii) Volume of smoke and corrosive fumes is minimised because of special composition of protective insulation material, having lowestrateofdecompositionandthuspreventsdamagetoproperty. iii) Duetoemissionoflesssmoke,lowacidemissionandlowtoxicgasemission,damagetopropertyandlossoflifeisminimised makingfirefightingeasy. SPECIFICATION TEST AIM TYPICALVALUES FRLS CABLES ASTM-D 283 Oxygen To determine at room temp, the % dex dex of oxygen needed to burn More than 29 % the insulating material ASTM-D 283 Temperature To determine temp. At which 21% & BICC dex Oxygen in the air will burn Handbook the insulating material. More than 2 C Chp. No. ASTM-D 2843 Smoke To determine the visibility in case More than 4% Density the sulating Material ever catches fire. (Transmission of Light) IEC Acid Gas To determine the amount of Less than 2% Generation Hydro Chloric, Hydro-Flouric and Halogen Acid Gases produced from burning of sulating Material. 12.

14 TABLE - 1 COMPOSITION & MAX RESISTANCE OF CONDUCTOR, CLASS I (SOLID) & CLASS 2 (STRANDED) FOR SINGLE CORE & MULTICORE CABLES. AS PER IS - 813/1984 MINIMUM NO. OF WIRES IN THE CONDUCTOR Class 2 (Stranded) Max. D.C. Resistance at 2 C Ohms/Km. Sq Cu/AI Circular Conductor Non-Compacted Cu AI Circular Compacted or shaped Cu AI Copper Conductor Plain wires Tinned wires Aluminium Conductor

15 REACTANCE TABLE - 2 APPROXIMATE REACTANCE AT HZ. (Ohm/Km.) 1.1 KV PVC & HR PVC CABLES NOMINAL AREA OF CONDUCTOR (SQ. MM.) SINGLE CORE UNARMOURED ARMOURED MULTI CORE

16 CAPACITANCE TABLE - 3 APPROXIMATE CAPACITANCE (MICRO FARADS/KM.) 1.1 KV PVC & HR PVC CABLES. NOMINAL AREA OF CONDUCTOR (SQ. MM.) UNARMOURED SINGLE CORE ARMOURED TWO CORE THREE & HALF & FOUR CORE

17 TABLE - 4 TYPE SQ.MM. MULTI CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS IS: 1554 CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, ARMOURED/UNARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - YY/YWY/YFY PART-I Number of cores of sulation Min. of ner ARMOUR Galvanised Round Steel Wire Diameter Galvanised Flat Steel Strip for Unarmoured Minimum for Armoured Over All Diameter Unarmoured Armoured Weight of Cables Unarm oured Armou red Max. DC Conductor Resistance at 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Ducts Air No. Kg/Km Kg/Km Ohm/Km

18 TABLE - 5 TYPE sq.. MULTI CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS IS: 1554 CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, ARMOURED/UNARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - YY/YWY/YFY PART-I Number oif cores of sulation Min. of ner Galvanised Round Steel Wire Diameter ARMOUR Galvanised Flat Steel Strip thickness for Unarmoured cables Minimum sheath for Armoured cables Unarm oured Over All Diameter Armou red Weight of Cables Unarm oured Armou red Max. DC Conductor Resistance at 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Ducts Air No. Kg/Km Kg/Km Ohm/Km

19 TABLE - TYPE - SINGLE CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - YY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Duct Current Ratings Air Sq. Kg/Km Ohm/Km 2 Cables 3 Cables 2 Cables 3 Cables 2 Cables 3 Cables 1.5* 2.5* 4.*.* * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 18

20 TABLE - 7 TYPE - TWO CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - YY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max DC Conductor Resistance At 2 C Direct in Ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg/Km Ohm/Km 4* * * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 19

21 TABLE - 8 TYPE - THREE CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - YY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max DC Conductor Resistance At 2 C Direct in Ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg/Km Ohm/Km 4* * * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 2

22 TABLE - 9 TYPE - THREE & HALF CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION : COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - YY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner of Outer Approx Overall Diameter Approx Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Current Ratings Resistance at 2 C Main Neutral Direct in Ground Ducts Air Main Neutral Main Neurtral Sq.. Sq. Kg/Km Ohm/km Ohm/km Amps Amps Amps

23 TABLE - TYPE - FOUR CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - YY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km 4* * * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 22

24 TABLE - 11 TYPE - TWO CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED GI WIRE/STRIP ARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED. CABLE CODE - YWY/YFY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner Galvanised Round Steel Wire Diameter ARMOUR Galvanised at Steel Strip Minimum of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km 4* * * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 23

25 TABLE - 12 TYPE - THREE CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED GI WIRE/STRIP ARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED. CABLE CODE - YWY/YFY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner Galvanised Round Steel Wire Diameter ARMOUR Galvanised Flat Steel Strip Minimum of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km 4* * * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 24

26 TABLE - 13 TYPE - THREE & HALF CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, GI STRIP ARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - YFY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area Main Neutral of sulation Main Neutral Minimum of ner ARMOUR Galv. Flat Steel Strip Minimum of Outer Approx Overall Diameter Approx Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance at 2 C Main Neutral Direct in Ground Current Ratings Ducts Air Sq.. Sq. kg/km Ohm/km Ohm/km Amps Amps Amps

27 TABLE - 14 TYPE - FOUR CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED GI WIRE/STRIP ARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED. CABLE CODE - YWY/YFY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner Galvanised Round Steel Wire Diameter ARMOUR Galvanised Flat Steel Strip Minimum of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km 4* * * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 2

28 TABLE - 15 TYPE - SINGLE CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYY IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Direct in Duct Current Ratings Direct in Air Sq. Ohm/Km 2 Cables Cables 2 Cables 3 Cables 2 Cables 3 Cables 1.5* 2.5* 4.*.*.* * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 27

29 TABLE - TYPE - TWO CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS IS: 1554 CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYY PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km 1.5* 2.5* 4.*.*.* * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 28

30 TABLE - 17 TYPE - THREE CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS IS: 1554 CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYY PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km 1.5* 2.5* 4.*.*.* * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 29

31 TABLE - 18 TYPE - THREE & HALF CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYY Cross Sectional Area of sulation of ner of Outer Approx Overall Diameter Approx Weight of Cables IS: 1554 PART-I Max. DC Conductor Current Ratings Resistance at 2 C Main Neutral Direct in Ground Ducts Air Main Neutral Main Neutral Sq.. Sq. kg/km Ohm/km Ohm/km Amps Amps Amps

32 TABLE - 19 IS: 1554 TYPE - FOUR CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYY PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km 1.5* 2.5* 4* * * * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 31

33 TABLE - 2 TYPE - TWO CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, GI WIRE/STRIP ARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYWY/AYFY. IS: 1554 PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner Galvanised Rond Steel Wire Diameter ARMOUR Galvanised Flat Steel Strip Minimum of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg/Km Ohm/Km 1.5* 2.5* 4.*.*.* * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 32

34 TABLE - 21 TYPE - THREE CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS IS: 1554 CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, GI WIRE/STRIP ARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYWY/AYFY. PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner Galvanised Rond Steel Wire Diameter ARMOUR Galvanised Flat Steel Strip Minimum of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also. 33

35 TABLE - 22 TYPE - THREE & HALF CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS IS: 1554 CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, GI STRIP ARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYFY. PART-I Cross Sectional Area Main Neutral of sulation Main Neutral Minimum of ner ARMOUR Galvanised Flat Steel Strip Minimum of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 Main Neutral C Current Ratings Direct in ground Duct Air Sq.. Sq.. Sq.. Sq.. Kg./Km Ohm/Km Ohm./Km

36 TABLE - 23 TYPE - FOUR CORE, VOLTAGE - 1 VOLTS IS: 1554 CONSTRUCTION: ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATION, PVC INNER SHEATHED, GI WIRE/STRIP ARMOURED & OVERALL PVC SHEATHED CABLE CODE - AYWY/AYFY. PART-I Cross Sectional Area of sulation Minimum of ner Galvanised Rond Steel Wire Diameter ARMOUR Galvanised Flat Steel Strip Minimum of Outer Overall Diameter Weight of Cables Max. DC Conductor Resistance AT 2 C Direct in ground Current Ratings Duct Air Sq. Kg./Km Ohm/Km * If required, Cables can be made with stranded conductor also

37 CURRENT RATING in PVC Cable: Current Rating e.g. Current Carrying Capacity of the cable is determined by the maximum permissible conductor temperature and the ambient conditions as far as they are for the dissipation of the heat. Current Rating in various types and size of cable are given in various tables, have been derived IS:391 (Pt-II) 197. The values are dependent on so many conditions like method of laying, ground and ambient temperature, Soil conditions extra.one or all conditions may vary from installation to installation. It is necessary to define all these parameters and to know their effects on current rating quantitatively to work out current rating to any set of conditions: The current ratings given in relevant table are based on the following assumptions: 1. Max. Conductor Temperature - C 2. Ground temperature - 3 C. 3. AmbientTemperature - 4 C. 4. ThermalResistivityofSoil - 1 C. Cm/W. 5. ThermalResistivityofPVCCompound - C. Cm/W.. Depth oflaying[to highest point of - 75 C cable laid direct in ground or to top surface of ducts]. MethodOfstallation: Cable Type Type of stallation Method of stallation. Single Core Cable I] Laid direct in ground 1. Three cables in closed trefoil formation, or 2. Two touching in horizontal formation Ii] ducts 1. Three in trefoil formation, or 2. Two in horizontal formation. Iii] air 1. Three Single Core Cables are installed in trefoil formation touching. 2. Two installed one above the other fixed to a vertical wall. Twin & Multi core Cables stalled Singly. 7. SIZEOFDUCT nerdiameterofduct /1. 8. EFFECT OF GROUPING OF THE CABLES IN AIR - When more than one cable circuit are run simutaneously, there is no effect on current rating upto cable size of. Sq.., provided the minimum clearance between two circuits is 75. The same will apply for higher than. Sq.. cable size if minimum clearance is kept at 1 and provided that numberofcircuitsexceedsfour, theyareinstalledinahorizentalplane. The current rating gives in various tables are based on certain assumed condition described above. actual practice, these conditions may be defferent. Therefore, to determine the current rating at different installation conditions,, the tabulated rating should be multiplied with appropriate 'rating' factors. These rating factors are as follows: 3.

38 RATING FACTORS A) CABLE LAID DIRECT IN GROUND :- i) DEPTH OF LAYING DEPTH OF LAYING SIZE CMS. UPTO. ABOVE ABOVE 3 SQ.MM. SQ.MM. SQ.MM. SQ.MM. UPTO 3 SQ. MM OR MORE ii) FORVARIATIONINGROUNDTEMPERATURE (FOR CABLES LAID DIRECT IN GROUND) GROUND TEMPERATURE IN DEGREE C RATING FACTOR iii) FORGROUPRATINGFACTORS. a) GROUPRATINGFACTORSFORTWINANDMULTICORECABLESIN HORIZENTALFORMATION, LAIDDIRECTIN THE GROUND Numbers SPACING OF CABLES [ CENTRE TO CENTRE] OF CABLE TOUCHING 15CM. 3CMS. 45CMS. CMS GROUP RATING FACTOR NUMBER OF CABLES IN GROUP 37.

39 B) GROUPRATINGFACTORSFORTWINANDMULTICORECABLESIN TIERFORMATION, LAIDDIRECTIN THE GROUND No. of CABLES No. of CABLES No. of TIERS SPACING OF CABLES (CENTE TO CENTRE) TOUCHING 15 CM. 3 CMS. 45 CMS. CMS SPACING OF GROUPS OF CABLES (CENTRE TO CENTRE) TOUCHING 15 CM. 3 CMS. 45 CMS. CMS c) GROUPRATINGFACTORSFOR CIRCUIT OF TWOSINGLECORECABLES SIDEBYSIDE TOUCHING, HORIZENTALFORMATION, LAIDDIRECTIN THE GROUND D) GROUPRATINGFACTORSFORCIRCUITOFTHREESINGLECORE CABLESINTREFOILANDTOUCHING, HORIZENTALFORMATION, LAIDDIRECTINGROUND GROUP RATING FACTOR GROUP RATING FACTOR NUMBER OF CIRCUITS IN GROUP NUMBER OF CIRCUITS (OF THO CABLES) IN GROUP No. of CABLES SPACING OF GROUPS OF CABLES (CENTRE TO CENTRE) TOUCHING 15 CM. 3 CMS. 45 CMS. CMS GROUP RATING FACTOR NUMBER OF CABLES IN GROUP (OF THREE CABLES)

40 iv) FORVARIATIONINTHERMALRESISTIVITYOFSOIL a) RATING FACTOR FOR VARIATION IN THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF SOIL [TWIN& MULTICORECABLESLAIDDIRECTINGROUND] Area of Conductor in Sq.. FOR VALUE OF THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF SOIL IN C m/w b) RATING FACTOR FOR VARIATION INTHERMAL RESISTIVITY OF SOIL [TWO & THREE CORE SIGNLE CABLES LAID DIRECT IN GROUND] Area of Conductor Sq Two Cables Touching, For Value of Thermal Resistivity of Soil C cm/w Three Cables in Trefoil Touching, for Value of Thermal Resistivity of Soil Soil C cm/w

41 B) CABLE INSTALLED IN DUCT :- i) RATING FACTOR FOR DEPTH OF LAYING (TWIN & MULTICORE CABLES IN SINGLE WAY DUCTS) DEPTH OF LAYING [CM.] or more RATING FACTOR ii) FOR VARIATION IN GROUND TEMPERATURE [FOR CABLES IN DUCTS] GROUND TEMPERATURE IN DEGREE C RATING FACTOR iii) FOR VARIATION IN THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF SOIL a) RATING FACTOR FOR VARIATION IN THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF SOIL (TWIN & MULTICORE CABLES SINGLE WAY DUCT) Area of Conductor in Sq.. FOR VALUE OF THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF SOIL IN C cm/w

42 b) RATING FACTOR FOR VARIATION IN THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF SOIL [TWO & THREE SINGLE CORE CABLES LAID DIRECT IN DUCTS] Two Cables in two way ducts, For Value of Three Cables in Trefoil Ducts, For Area of O O Thermal Resistivity of Soil C cm/w Value of Thermal Resistivity of Soil C cm/w Sq.. Sq iv) RATING FACTORS FOR MULTIWAY DUCTS (i) [FOR USE WHEN A MULTI WAY DUCT DOES NOT CONTAIN THE FULL NUMBER OF LOADED ARMOURED CABLES] 3 WAY DUCT WAY DUCT 9 WAY DUCT NUMBER OF LOADED CABLES RATING FACTOR (ii) RATING FACTORS FOR WIRE ARMOURED CABLES IN MULTIWAY DUCTS (To Be Applied rating of Corresponding cables in single way duct to obtain rating for cables in multiway duct) GROUP RATING FACTOR SIZE OF CONDUCTOR IN SQ. 41.

43 v) RATING FACTOR FOR DUCTS IN TIER FORMATION a) GROUP RATING FACTORS FOR TWIN & MULTICORE CABLES IN SINGLEWAY STONEWARE DUCTS AND IRON PIPES IN TIER FORMATION [Formation of Ducts (Pipes)] Spacing of Ducts (Pipes) SPACING SPACING Ducts (Pipes) approximately touching 3 cm 45 cm b) GROUP RATING FACTORS FOR SINGLE CORE CABLES IN TREFOIL STONEWARE DUCTS IN TIER FORMATION [Formation of Ducts] Spacing of Ducts SPACING SPACING Ducts (Pipes) approximately touching 45 cm.7.78 C) CABLES INSTALLED IN AIR i) RATING FACTOR FOR VARIATION IN AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE : AIR TEMPERATURE IN DEGREE C RATING FACTOR ii) RATING FACTOR FOR THREE SINGLE CORE CABLES (AC) IN FLAT FORMATION IN AIR (To be applied to the corresponding rating for trefoil groups in air) 2 NOMINAL AREA OF CONDUCTOR MM RATING FACTOR UPTO & INCLUDING

44 iii) RATING FACTOR FOR MULTICORE LAID ON RACK IN AIR a) WITH SPACING BETWEEN CABLES EQUAL TO DIAMETER OF CABLE. ARRANGEMENT NO. OF RACKS NO. OF CABLES PER RACK d d b) WITH CABLE TOUCHING ARRANGEMENT NO. OF RACKS NO. OF CABLES PER RACK 3 cm

45 "PAGODA" OVERLOAD & SHORT CIRCUIT RATING PVC sulated Cables should not been operated even for comparatively short duration, at a temperature appreciably higher than that permissible for continuous operation, since the PVC insulation is liable to soften at higher temperature and sustain serious damage. It is therefore essential that such cables should be continuously operated at the rated currents given in the tables only if they are suitably protected against excess currents arising out of fault conditions. It is assumed that duration of such faults does not exceed four hours and protection is considered to be adequate if minimum current at which the protective device is designed to operate does not exceed 1.5 times the tabulated rating for cables laid in air and 1.3times the tabulated rating for cables laid direct in ground. If by the nature of the circuit protection, It is not possible to operate the cables at the rated current under the foergoing provisions, the cable required for a given continuous load current should be so chosen as to have that rating of the tables, which will not less than :- a) The given continuous current, and b) for cables in air and in ducts, 7% of the minimum current at which the excess current protection is designed to operate. or For cables laid direct in ground, 77% of the minimum current at which excess protection is designed to operate. Short Circuit Rating The Conductor Size in a cable for an installation is also governed by its abilities to carry short circuit current of the system. Short Circuit Rating are based on the assumption that duration of the short circuit is to small and apparently that there is no transmission of heat, produced during short circuit, through the insulation and the whole of it is absorbed by the conductor. With a high increase in KVA, capacity in power distribution system, cables are expected to carry short circuit to carry short circuit current of high magnitude. Normally rated at C, Ourinsulationmaterial permitashort circuittemperature of C. With high interrupting capacity expected of a cable under short circuit, it is essential that protective fuses in the system are designedtominimisethedurationasfaraspossible. TheShortCircuitRatingcanbecalculatedasunder:- Ish = K X A T Ish: ShortCircuitCurrentinr.m.s. Kilo T : DurationofShortCircuitinseconds. A ; AreaofConductorinSq.. K ; aconstant ForAluminiumwithgeneralpurposePVCsulation-.7 ForCopperwithgeneralpurposePVCsulation-.115 ForAluminiumwithHeatResistingPVCsulation-.8 ForCopperwithHeatResistingPVCsulation

46 SHORT CIRCUIT RATING SHORT CIRCUIT RATING FOR ONE SECOND. CONDUCTOR SIZE ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR WITH GENERAL PURPOSE INSULATION WITH HEAT RESISTING INSULATION COPPER CONDUCTOR WITH GENERAL PURPOSE INSULATION WITH HEAT RESISTING INSULATION SQ.MM. K. AMPS. K. AMPS. K. AMPS. K. AMPS

47 FORMULA FOR CALCULATING VOLTAGE DROP IN A BALANCED 3 PHASE AC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:- VoltageDrop[rms] PerKm. PerPhase[volts] = 3 x K T x K AC X [Max. Continuous Current Rating] X [D.C. Resistance Per phase Per Km.(Ohm/Km.)] Where K = 1+a[T - To] T C a =.393 for Copper a =.4 for Aluminium T C = Max. Conductor Resistance [Degree C] To = 2 Degree C Standard Temperature. K AC = Factor For Converting DC Resistance to AC Resistance. APPROXIMATE VALUES OF K AC FOR 1 VOLTS CABLES ARE GIVEN BELOW:- NOMINAL COPPER ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR AREA CONDUCTOR CONDUCTOR IN SQ.MM. 1.5 to

48 Recoendations For Storage & stallation Of Cables For easy and convenient installation conditions and desired performance, following recoendation are made: i) No drum should be stored one above the other. ii) Drum should be stored in perfectly ground without having any projected hard stones on the ground surface. The drums should be stored preferably in the shed. iii) Drums should be stored and kept in such a way that bottom cable does not get damaged. iv) Drum should be always rotated in the "Direction Arrow Of Rotation"mark on the drum. the absence of any such mark, the drum should be rolled in the direction in the direction same as inside the cable end and opposite that of outside end. v) Loading and Unloading should be done with material handling equipment Only. vi) While laying the cable in a trench the cable ends should be pulled with pulling eye only after mounting of the drum on the jacks. vii) % drums should be checked for continuity and cross continuity tests to ensure that there is no internal damage to the cable during transportation. viii) sulation Resistance should be measured with V Meggar between cores and all the cores to earth [Armour]. ix) After the cables are installed, before coissioning, it should be test for high DC Voltage test. The recoended volts and duration of the test between each core mettalic armour [Earth] at 3KV DC is for 5 minutes. During high voltage test all electrical equipments related to the cable installation must be earthed and adequate clearance should be maintained from the other equipment and from work to prevent flash over. x) Where the cable to be joined with an existing cable, the sequence of cores at two ends to be joined should be in opposite direction i.e. if at one ends it is clockwise direction, at the other end it should be in anticlockwise direction. This is necessary to avoid the crossing of cores during jointing. This will also decide the direction in which the cable is to be pulled. xi) xii) xiii) xiv) Avoid excessively high temperature when sealing of the cable joint of cable. Cool the sealing to avoid C beforepuring. Thecableshouldbe paidofffromthe topofthe cable drum,heldinthenormalposition.sufficientcareshould betakentoprevent twists, accutebendsetc. whilelaying. Thedispositionofcablesupportitsspacingshouldbesuch, astopreventunduestrainordamagetothecable. TheminimumBendingRadiusforCablesshouldnotbelessthanthevaluesshown. Wherererpossible% highervalueshouldbeadopted. i) 8XDiamerterforSingleCoreCable. ii) 12XDiameterformultiCoreCable xv) MaximumPullingTensionduringstallation: - CablehavingAluminiumConductor -3N.Sq.. Max. CablehavingCopperConductor -N.Sq.. Max. 47.

49 RECOMMENDED "PAGODA" CABLE SIZES FOR MOTORS WITH START-DELTA STARTER RECOMMENDED " CABLE SIZES FOR MOTORS WITH DOL STARTERS PAGODA" 415 V Hz KW full load current in Amps Phase Current in Amps Supply Side Motor Side Supply Side Motor Side 3 Phase 415 v Hz HP 415 V, Hz KW Approx full load current in Amps Aluminium (sq..) / / / /4 3/ / / / / /4 1.5/ / / /3 /3 /3 3/4 3/4 4/ 1.5/ / / / / / / / / / / / /4 3/4 Typical Cable Size Aluminium Typical Cable Size Copper Typical Cable Size 3 Phase 415 V HP Copper (sq..) /3 /3

50 CURRENT FOR A/C MOTORS Amps per phase taken by modern induction motors, allowing reasonable efficiencies and power factors B.H.P. of Motor 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 Single Phase Two Phase Three Phase 23 Volts 4 Volts 23 Volts 4 Volts 34 Volts 4 Volts 44 Volts Volts

51 CONVERSION TABLE Multiplier Constant Reciprocal of Constant Miles to Millimeters ( Miles - 1 inch) ches to Centimetres Yards to Metres Miles to Kilometres Sq. ches to Sq. Millimetres Circ. Miles to Sq. Millimetres Circ. Miles to Sq. ches Sq. Yards to Sq. Metres Pounds to Kilograes Tons (2 lbs.) to Kilograes Cwt. to Kilograes Ounces (Avolr) to Graes Gallons (Imp.) to Litres Gallons (Imp.) to Cubic ches lbs./ Yards to lbs./mile lbs./ Yards to-gm./km. lbs./sq. ch to-gm./ 2 Ohms/ Yards to Ohms/Mile OHms/ Yards to Ohms/Km Horse Power to Ft. Lb./Min... Horse Power to Ft. Kilowatts.. Horse Power to Kg.m./Sec.. Watts Ft. lb./min. Watts to Kg.m./Sec. Miles/Hour to Ft./Min. Meters/Sec. to Ft./Min. Land Miles to Nautical Miles x.7854 x x x Temperature : F to C : Subtract 32 and Multiply by 5/9; C to F : Multiply by 9/5 and add 32..

52 GLOSSARY OF TERMS A : AC : Ampere Alternating Current ABRASION : RESISTANCE Ability of a Wire or Cable to resist surface wear. ALLOY : ACCELERATED : AGEING AMBIENT : ALTERNATING : CURRENT[A.C.] AMPERE : ANNEAL : BENDING RADIUS : BREAKDOWN : VOLTAGE BUNCH STRAND : CAPACITIVE : REACTANCE CAPACITANCE : COLOR CODE : CONCENTRIC : STRANDING CONDUCTIVITY : CONDUIT : A Combination of two or more different polymers or metal. Usually combined to make use of different properties of each polymer or metal. A test that simulates long time environmental condition in a relatively short time. Condition existing at a test or operating location prior to to energizing equipments. Electric Current that alternates or reverses polarity continuously. The numbers of alternations per seconds are called as "Cycles" [Hertz or Hz.] A standard unit of current and is defined as the amount of current that flows when One volt of emf is applied across one ohm of resistance. An Ampere of current is produced by one coulomb of charge passing a point in one second. To soften and relieve strains in any solid material such as metal by heating to just below its melting point and then slowly cooling it. Annealing generally lowers the tensile strength of the material, while improving its elongation and flexibility. Radius of curvature that a cable can bend without any adverse effect. The Voltage at which the insulation between two conductor or one conductor & the earth will fail and allow the electricity to conduct energy from one point to another. Conductors twisted together with same lay and direction. The opposition of alternating current due to capacitance of a capacitor or cable. It is measured in Ohms. The ability of dielectric or insulation material between the conductors to store energy when a difference of potential exists between conductors. The unit of Capacitance is Farads. Cable Capacitance is usually measured in Picofarads [pf] Per Mtr. A system of different colours used to identify the components of cables such as Conductor or group of conductors. A group of uninsulated wired twisted together and containing a center core with the subsequent layers spirally wrapped around the core with alternating lay direction to form a single conductor. The ability of a material to allow electrons to flow, measured by current per unit of voltage applied. It is the reciprocal of resistivity. A tube of metal or Plastic through which wire or cable can be run, used to protect 51.

53 the wire or cable from surroundings. CONDUCTOR : CORD : CURRENT LOOP : DC : DIRECT CURRENT : DIELECTRIC : A Substance, usually metal Copper or Aluminium, used to transfer electrical energy from point to point. A very flexible insulated Cable. A two wire transmit/receive interface. Direct Current. Electric Current that flows in one direction only. An sulating [ non conducting] medium when used in signal carrying design. DIELECTRIC LOSS : DIELECTRIC : STRENGTH DIELECTRIC : The Power dissipation in a dielectric as the result of friction produced by molecular motion when an alternating field is applied. The voltage which an insulation can withstand before it break down. A number which indicates the quality of a material to resist holding an electrical charge when placed between two conductors. It is based on a vacuum, which has dielectric constant of 1. CONSTANT : motion when an alternating field is applied. ELECTROSTATIC : EMF : ENERGY : ENERGY : DISSIPATION ELONGATION : FARADS : FERROUS : FLAME RESISTANCE : Pertaining to static electricity, or electricity at rest. Electromotive Force [Voltage] The Capacity of doing work. Loss of energy from a system due to conversion of work energy into undesirable form usually heat. Dissipation of Electric Energy occurs when current flows through a resistance. The increase in length of a wire or cable caused by longitudinal tension. A unit of capacity that will store one coulomb of electrical charge when one volt of electrical pressure is applied. Composed of and/or containg iron. A ferrous metal exhibits magnetic characterstics. The ability of a material not to fuel a flame once the source of heat is removed. FLEXIBILITY : The ability of a cable to bend in a short radius. FRLS : FREQUENCY : GROUND : I : Flame Retardent Low Smoke. The number of times a periodic actions occurs in one second. An electrical connection between the circuit and earth. Symbol used to designate current. 52.

54 IMPEDANCE : The total opposition that a circuit offers to flow the alternating current or any other varying current at a particular frequency. INDUCTANCE : INSULATION : IR DROP : LAY : LAY DIRECTION : LEAKAGE : KILO : KV : KVA : KW : ma : MEGA : MHO : MICRO : The property of a wire which store electrical current in a magnetic field around the wire. It is measured in Henrys. A material having good dielectric properties which is used to separate the conductor from surroundings. The designation of voltage drop in term of current and resistance. The length measured along the axis of wire required for a single strand to make one complete turn about the axis of conductor or cable. a twisted pair cable, the lay length is the distance it takes for two wires to completely twist around each other. The direction of progreesive spiral twist in a cable while looking along the axis of the cable away from the observer. The lay direction can be left or right. The undesirable passage of current over the surface of or through an insulator. 3 One Thousand [ ] Kilo Volts [ Volts.] Kilo Volt Ampere. Kilo Watt. Milli Ampere. Prefix Meaning Million. Unit of Conductance equal to reciprocal of unit of resistance [Ohm]. - Prefix meaning of One - millionth [ ] MICRON : MIL : MILLI : mv : mw : NANO : NOISE : PEAK : Millionth of a Meter. A unit of length equal to one thousand of an ch. -3 Prefix meaning One-thousandth [ ]. Milli Volt. Milli Watt. One Billionth. a Cable or circuit, any extraneous signal which tends to interfere with the signal normally present in or passing through the system. The maximum instantaneous value of a vaying current or voltage. 53.

55 POWER : POWER LOSS : RATED : TEMPERATURE RATED VOLTAGE : REACTANCE : RESISTANCE [DC] : RESISTANCE [AC] : RMS : PVC : STRAND : STRANDED : CONDUCTOR SHEATH : The amount of work per unit of time. It is expressed in Watts. The difference between the total power delivered to a circuit or cable and power delivered by the circuit or cable. The maximum temperature at which an electric component can operate for extended period without loss of its basic properties. The maximum voltage at which an electric component can operate for extended period without undue degration or safety hazards. A measure of combined effect of capacitance and inductance on an alternating current. The amount of such opposition varies with the frequency of current. The opposition offered by a material to flow of current. It is expressed in Ohms. The total opposition that a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current. It is the total effect of resistance, ductance & Capacitance. It is expressed in Ohms. Root Mean Square. Poly Vinyl Chloride. A Single Uninsulated Wire. A Conductor composed of groups of uninsulated wires. Pertaining to Twisted sulated Conductors, the outer protection covering. THERMAL RATING : TENSILE STENGTH : TRANSMISSION LINE : V : VOLTAGE : VOLTAGE DROP : VOLTAGE RATING : VSWR : WALL THICKNESS : WATT : The Temperature in which a material will perform its function without undue Degration. The pull stress required to break a bare wire or insulation. An arrangement of two or more conductors used to transfer signal energy from one location to another. Volts. Electrical Potential or electromotive force expressed in volts. A Voltage loss occurring between any two points in a power transmission line. Such drop, Resistance, Reactance & leakage of the line. The highest rating that may be continuously applied to a cable construction in conformance with the standard or specification. Abbreviation for voltage standing wave ratio. It is the ratio of transferred signal voltage as compared to reflected signal voltage measured along with the length of transmission line. The of sulation or. The unit of electrical Power. 54.

56