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2 Table of Contents About Klein Steel... 5 Processing Capabilities Services Structural Bar Stock & Alloys Tubing & Pipe Plate Sheet Stainless Aluminum Grating, Flooring & Fiberglass Reference Material Index

3 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Notes 2

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8 Klein Steel Founded in 1971, Klein Steel Service Inc., a premier metals supplier and processing center, is the recognized industry leader in the Northeast and one of a few NQA-1 compliant metal service centers nationwide. With a 45-year track record for quality, innovation, performance and customer service, Klein Steel has grown to a 345,000 sq. ft. footprint that supports reliable delivery to customers in NY, PA, MA, VT and CT. Klein Steel provides world-class Just In Time (JIT) inventory and supply management solutions with over 3,500 line items of carbon, stainless steel, aluminum and specialty metals. Klein Steel also offers a full range of value-added processing services from high speed mill and drill to oxy and plasma burning, as well as component manufacturing and kitting for commercial applications, and nuclear commercial-grade dedication materials. Klein Steel is acknowledged as an industry leader having been named the 2015 winner of the Platt s Global Metal Distributor of the Year award, a finalist in 2014, 2015 and 2016 for the Service Center of the Year award from American Metal Market (AMM), a finalist in 2016 for the Advocate of the Year award from AMM, a 2016 finalist for the Most Valuable Employer For Military by CivilianJobs, a 2015 winner of a Rochester Top Workplaces award, a 2015 Rochester Top 100 company, a 2012 recipient of the Rochester Business Ethics Award and winner of the Industry Week Best Plants award in

9 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany The Vision Behind Klein Steel On a day in 1970, a Rochester scrap dealer by the name of Arnold Klein forgot to lower the arms of his truck s rear-mounted loader after making a pickup. As he drove back to the scrap yard, he was surprised when the arms of his loader banged into the Culver Road railroad bridge. The resulting damage was minor, but it did require the replacement of a bent piece of steel channel. Arnold went to every steel distributor in town, only to discover that there was no one who could supply him with a 6-inch 18# ship and car channel. Adding insult to injury, not one of these dealers would take the time to order the piece for a small junkyard. From such humble beginnings are great ideas and enterprises born! Seeing the need for a steel wholesaler that would service customers of all sizes and needs, Arnold Klein and his brother, Chuck, opened Klein Steel Service a year later. From a beginning inventory of only three truckloads stored in a warehouse consisting of three garages, Klein Steel has grown into four facilities in Rochester, Buffalo, Syracuse and Albany, totaling over 360,000 square feet, with world-class, state-of-the-art metal processing equipment and over 11,000 tons of inventory. 8

10 Klein Senior Leadership Joe Klein President & CEO Pat DiLaura Chief Talent Officer Paul LaBella Director, Plant Operations Pauline Malone VP of Procurement Jim Sloan Director, Strategic Operations Bob Valeri Vice President of Sales Michelle Westrich, CPA Chief Financial Officer Andy Yu Director of IT 9

11 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Klein Steel Service Locations Rochester 105 Vanguard Parkway Rochester, NY Phone Toll Free Fax Buffalo 1050 Military Road Buffalo, NY Phone Toll Free Fax Syracuse 1 General Motors Drive Syracuse, NY Phone Toll Free Fax Klein Steel Direct Locations Rochester 105 McLaughlin Road Rochester, NY Phone Fax Albany 44 Tivoli Street Albany, NY Phone Toll Free Fax Buffalo 1050 Military Road, Door #7 Buffalo, NY Phone Fax Syracuse 1 General Motors Drive Syracuse, NY Phone Fax

12 Directions to Klein Steel Rochester From the south and east: Exit 390N/490W at Lyell Avenue (Exit 21) Right onto Lyell Avenue Quick left onto Lee Road at the first light Right onto Emerson Street Right onto Vanguard Parkway From the west: 490E to 390N Exit 390N at Lexington Avenue (Exit 22) Right onto Lexington Avenue Right onto Lee Road Left onto Emerson Street Right onto Vanguard Parkway From the north: Exit 390S at Lexington Avenue (Exit 22) Merge onto Lexington Avenue Right onto Lee Road Left onto Emerson Street Right onto Vanguard Parkway 11

13 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Line Card Carbon Structural Structural Quality A36 A709 Grade 36 A992 High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) A572 Grade 50 A709 Grade 50 Rebar Grade 60 Corrosion Resistant (weathering steel) A588 Angle Galvanized Angle Wide Flange Beam I-Beam Channel Junior Channel Ship & Car Channel Molded Handrail Rebar and Wire Mesh Carbon Sheet & Plate Hot Rolled Pickled & Oiled CS Type B (A1011) 16Ga ½" Cold Rolled A Ga 10 Ga Galvanized Galvannealed CS-B 26 Ga 10Ga Structural Quality A36 A709 Grade 36 Abrasive Resistant AR235 AR360 AR400 AR500 High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) A572 Grade 50 Corrosion Resistant (weathering steel) A606 A588 Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) A516 Grade 70 Hot Rolled Hot Rolled Pickled and Oiled (HRPO) Diamond Tread A786 Tubing & Pipe Mechanical Structural ERW Seamless DOM Square, Rectangular and Round Sch. 40 pipe Sch. 80 pipe Grating, Flooring and Fiberglass Bar Grating Welded Press-Locked Heavy Duty Black Unpainted Galvanized Serrated Smooth Bar Grating Stair Treads Diamond Grip Safety Grip Safety Tread Ladder Rungs Regular and Flattened Expanded Metal Perforated Sheet Expanded Metal Grating Molded and Pultruded Fiberglass Grating Bar Stock & Alloys Hot Rolled A569 A SBQ A1011 Cold Finished 1018 TGP 1045 Shafting Alloy Strip Flat Round Square Threaded Rod Stainless T304 T304L T316 T316L Dual Certified Angle Channel Flat Round Threaded Rod Square Plate Diamond Tread Plate Sheet Expanded Metal Perforated Sheet Bar Grating Diamond Grip Ladder Rungs Square and Rectangular Tubing Round Tubing Pipe Aluminum Heat Treatable Alloys Non-Treatable Alloys Angle Channel Flat Round Square Plate Tool & Jig Plate Diamond Tread Plate Diamond Bright Tread Plate Sheet Expanded Metal Diamond Grip Square and Rectangular Tubing Pipe 12

14 Klein Steel Processing Capabilities High-speed Mill and Drill Line Ocean Avenger PLUS High-speed Mill and Drill Line by Peddinghaus Profiles up to 60' long and up to 48" in height Profiles up to 850 lbs. per linear foot Waterjet 87,000 psi Flow 6024 and 6012 waterjet equipment A dynamic head providing faster, more accurate cutting Cutting any material up to 6" thick Cutting range of 6' wide by 12' long, with three 12' cutting zones Processing to tight tolerances: ± <1" thick ± <2" thick ± >2" thick Laser Two state-of-the-art Bystronic laser cutters: 5.2 and 6.0 kilowatts Tolerances ± 0.010" ± 0.020" depending on thickness Cutting range up to 5' width and 10' length Capabilities range from: ¼" thick for aluminum (no 3003) ¾" thick for stainless steel ⅞" thick for carbon steel Oxy and Plasma Multiple plate burning and plasma cutting tables Cutting range up to 192" wide and 480" long Oxy-fuel burning up to 8" thick mild steel (e.g., A36, A516) Plasma burning up to 1½" thick for carbon and stainless steel and aluminum Tolerances of ±.060" (1/16") for thickness up to 1" and ±.125" (1/8") over 1" thick TrueHole technology for a production pierce of 50 mm (2") for mild steel and 75 mm (3") for stainless steel 13

15 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany CNC Machining Haas GR-712 (Gantry style mill) Working envelope: 7' x 12' x 11" Milltronics RH30 Maximum 60" x 30" x 28" Vertical Lathe Okuma V80R Vertical Lathe Turning any material up to 30" diameter Lengths from 1" to 30" Tolerance ± High edge quality Saws 12 saws across NYS Structural Total saw cutting 21" x 42" Product up to 60' long Length tolerance ±1/16" Squareness tolerance ±1/16" Miter Total saw cutting 12" x 12" Miter sawing up to 60 degrees Length tolerance ±1/16" Squareness tolerance ±1/16" Shear Cincinnati Hydraulic Shear Capacity up to ⅜" thick carbon steel Capacity up to ¼" thick stainless steel Capacity up to ½" thick aluminum Shear accommodates up to 12' width 14

16 KASTO Automatic Storage and Retrieval System A state-of-the-art, high density, KASTO automatic storage and retrieval system is the centerpiece of Klein Steel s inventory management system. 2,350 cassettes, expandable to 4,000 Each cassette stores inventory up to 26 feet long and up to 5½ tons Computer-generated locations Cassettes for stainless steel and aluminum have plastic liners Cassettes for cold finished have wood bottoms to protect material from damage and dripping oil Replacement parts, future cassette pieces, and other items are all stored in the system Extremely fast access and accurate Material tracked by chemistry, heat #, size, and country of origin Customer access to web-based Mill Test Reports 15

17 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Certified Klein Steel All orders from Klein Steel are held to the highest standard. We have developed our quality control program, appropriately named Certified Klein Steel, or CKS, to ensure we consistently deliver the day to completely satisfied customers. CKS procedures begin well before customers order their materials, with our purchasing and receiving departments. We partner with world-class mills and metal providers to accept only top quality prime material into our inventory. When customers order their materials, we ensure our salespeople will be knowledgeable, friendly and able to assist in any way. We pride ourselves in knowing our product and processing capabilities. Furthermore, we realize the importance of turning quotes around quickly. Following the placement of an order, a series of checks and balances ensure materials are processed to exact specifications. This includes precise tolerances and finishing requirements. Finally, CKS encompasses the proper marking, packaging, and delivery of orders, on time, the way we would expect to receive it ourselves. 16

18 Meeting Your Critical Needs Klein Steel has the right people, systems and processes to understand our customers critical needs and offer the right solutions. From simplifying the complexities of your supply chain, handling all of the details, to manufacturing components and shipping ready-to-assemble kits, we're here to serve you best. Speed to market Process control On-time delivery Availability Quality Cost reduction Services Value-added Services Providing you with savings, predictability, availability, ease-of-use, faster response time, flexible sourcing, competitive lead times, reduced risk, managed complexity, greater profitability and more. Cert-to-Web Access Capabilities Customers have access to an online database that provides the ability to review, print and save any of the Mill Test Reports (MTRs) of their shipped material using their Purchase Order, Work Order or Invoice. Component Manufacturing The production of an engineered part (or series of parts) for a customer (e.g., complex, engineered, precision parts that meet exacting specifications). Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) The Klein Steel Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Program for Strategic Partners builds new business models that focus on supply chain systems and processes, rather than traditional price commodity purchasing. Our proven CPI program dramatically reduces costs and increases productivity for our Strategic Partners, which better positions them to compete in the global economy. The end result is increased business opportunities for both the Strategic Partner and Klein Steel. 17

19 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Drafting Working with AutoCAD, MasterCAM and ProNest to match customer requirements for tolerance, features and speed with the most appropriate processing center and machine. Kanban A scheduling system associated with LEAN production with specific customer requirements. The concept identifies what, when and how much to produce a certain product using customer-specific purchasing history and quantities. Kitting The bringing together of different multiple parts that come from multiple processes within the manufacturing warehouse. Kitting is similar to a Bill of Material with a list of random parts. We can provide all different pieces in the quantities you requested in one bucket/skid. LEAN A production method based on increasing efficiency, optimizing the flow of production and eliminating waste. Materials Management Strong, in-house procurement and inventory management expertise that guides materials management decisions for our customers (e.g., forecasting, pricing intelligence, stocking programs, offsite automatic replenishment). 18

20 Nuclear Quality Assurance Klein Steel is proud to be fully compliant with Nuclear Quality Assurance (NQA-1) specifications the world-class quality standard for nuclear applications established by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) as verified year-over-year by an independent auditor. Klein Steel is 10CFR50 Appendix B and 10CFR21 compliant. Sales Engineer Support Education and Process Improvement (CPI, tours, machine capabilities) Lead Time Estimation Outside-the-box thinking about customers parts and processes Part Design Process Selection (i.e., what processing equipment is needed to make the part?) Supply Chain Management The management of metal sourcing and mill capabilities from raw material suppliers to finished goods. Klein Steel can handle everything from regional outsourcing partners to international suppliers and global container shipments. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) An agreement between Klein and the customer to maintain the customers inventory levels within our warehouse. The customer has access to Klein Steel s inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders. 19

21 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Credit Policy Klein Steel appreciates the opportunity to serve you and gladly extends the following credit terms: 1/2% 10 Days Net 30 Days Please note that the discount does not apply to tax or freight and does not apply to payments made with a credit card. We accept Master Card, Visa, American Express and Discover. We do not accept third party or starter checks. Interest may be charged and/or orders held on all past due accounts. There is a $25.00 returned check fee. 20

22 Return Policy Klein Steel Service Inc. is committed to ensuring you receive a quality, on-time product. If we make an error with your order, we will work to make it right, quickly and in the most customer-friendly way possible. To initiate a return request, contact your Inside Sales Team Member either by phone or within 15 business days of delivery of the material. If you do not know the name or contact information for your Inside Sales Team Member, phone and you will be directed to the proper person. When you place an order with us, please ensure that the sizes, quantities, materials, packing and shipping requirements are correct. In addition, please retain your order confirmation for your records until your order is properly received at your facility. If we made a mistake, we will work quickly to correct the error and: Identify the problem and expedite the correct material to you Remove the non-conforming material from your facility in a timely manner Adjust your account appropriately If you ordered the wrong material, we understand. We will work with you to return the material and help you decide on the best replacement material for your needs: Stock Material can be returned if it is in original condition. In this case, the standard Klein Steel Restock Fee will be incurred and your account will be adjusted appropriately. Non Stock Material will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Processed Material that has been processed correctly cannot be returned; call us anyway we want to know and may be able to assist you in correcting the problem. All requests for return of material must be initiated within 15 business days of delivery of material. 21

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24 Structural Quality Steel Structural A36 The most common steel grade for general structural applications and fabrication. It is often used for bolted, riveted and welded applications. A709 (Grade 36) Structural quality carbon steel for use in welded, bolted or riveted construction of bridges and buildings. Most material is certified to bridge specification. Structural Steel Alloy A992 A structural steel alloy used as the industry standard for all structural wide-flange beams (previously known as I-beams). This is the preferred material specification for wide-flange shapes having replaced ASTM A36 and A572 grade 50. Material ductility is well defined and weldability is improved. High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) ASTM A36/A572 (Grade 50) A commonly used high strength, low alloy steel that allows for reduced section thickness and weight in fabrication. It is weldable and moderately formable. A709 (Grade 50) An alloy steel and tougher to machine than plain carbon steel. Machinability of Grade 50 steel is fair. Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel) A588 Initially corrodes when exposed to atmospheric elements, creating a protective layer against further oxidation. It is high strength, weldable and formable, and particularly useful when lighter weight and high durability are needed. Please note, A588 is not recommended for applications exposed to salt water or salt air. 23

25 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Steel Angle Angle Dimensions A: Flange length 1 B: Flange length 2 C: Thickness Bar size angle 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A flange B flange 24 C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8.38 5/8 x 5/8 x 1/8.48 3/4 x 3/4 x 1/ x 3/4 x 1/ x 1 x 1/ x 1 x 3/ x 1 x 1/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 1/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 3/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 3/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 3/ /4 x 1-3/4 x 1/ /4 x 1-3/4 x 3/ /4 x 1-3/4 x 1/ x 1-1/4 x 3/ x 1-1/4 x 1/ x 1-1/2 x 3/ x 1-1/2 x 1/ x 2 x 1/ x 2 x 3/ x 2 x 1/4 3.20

26 Bar size angle 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A flange B flange C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 2 x 2 x 5/ x 2 x 3/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 3/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ /2 x 2 x 3/ /2 x 2 x 1/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 3/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 1/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 5/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 3/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 1/ Most sizes available in multigrade ASTMA36/A572 GR50 Structural angle 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A flange B flange C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3 x 2 x 3/ x 2 x 1/ x 2 x 5/ x 2 x 3/ x 2 x 1/ x 2-1/2 x 1/ x 2-1/2 x 5/ x 2-1/2 x 3/ x 2-1/2 x 1/ x 3 x 3/ x 3 x 1/ x 3 x 5/ x 3 x 3/ x 3 x 1/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 1/

27 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Structural angle 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A flange B flange C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/ /2 x 3 x 1/ /2 x 3 x 5/ /2 x 3-1/2 x 1/ /2 x 3-1/2 x 5/ /2 x 3-1/2 x 3/ /2 x 3-1/2 x 1/ x 3 x 1/ x 3 x 5/ x 3 x 3/ x 3 x 1/ x 3-1/2 x 1/ x 3-1/2 x 5/16* x 3-1/2 x 3/ x 4 x 1/ x 4 x 5/ x 4 x 3/ x 4 x 1/ x 4 x 3/ x 3 x 1/ x 3 x 5/ x 3 x 3/ x 3 x 1/ x 3-1/2 x 1/ x 3-1/2 x 5/16* x 3-1/2 x 3/ x 3-1/2 x 1/ x 5 x 5/ * Lentel angles + Cut from channel; not a rolled section. Most sizes available in 26

28 Structural angle 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A flange B flange C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 5 x 5 x 3/ x 5 x 1/ x 5 x 5/ x 5 x 3/ x 3-1/2 x 5/16 * x 3-1/2 x 3/ x 3-1/2 x 1/ x 4 x 5/ x 4 x 3/ x 4 x 1/ x 4 x 3/ x 6 x 3/ x 6 x 1/ x 4 x 3/ x 4 x 1/ x 4 x 1/ x 4 x 3/ x 4 x x 6 x 1/ x 6 x 3/ x 8 x 1/ x 8 x 3/ x 8 x x 4 x 1/ Most sizes available in multigrade ASTMA36/A572 GR50 * Lentel angles. Cut from channel; not a rolled section 27

29 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Galvanized angle 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A flange B flange C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1 x 1 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 3/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ x 2 x 1/ x 2 x 3/ x 2 x 1/ x 2 x 3/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 3/ x 3 x 1/ x 3 x 3/ /2 x 3-1/2 x 5/ x 3-1/2 x 5/ x 3-1/2 x 3/ x 4 x 1/ x 4 x 3/ x 3-1/2 x 5/ x 5 x 3/ x 3-1/2 x 5/ x 4 x 3/ x 6 x 3/ x 4 x 3/ Most sizes available in multigrade ASTMA36/A572 GR50 28

30 Steel Wide Flange Beam Beam Dimensions A: Depth B: Web thickness C: Flange width D: Flange thickness Steel Wide Flange Beam 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A572/992 Grade 50 Tensile Strength: ksi Yield Point: 65 min. Beam Sizes A depth B web thickness C flange width D flange thickness 4 x 13# x 16# x 19# x 9# x 12# x 15# x 16# x 20# x 25# x 10# x 13# x 15# x 18# x 21# x 24# x 28# x 31# x 35# x 40# x 48# x 12# x 15# x 19# x 22# x 26# x 30#

31 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Steel Wide Flange Beam 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A572/992 Grade 50 Tensile Strength: ksi Yield Point: 65 min. Beam Sizes A depth B web thickness C flange width D flange thickness 10 x 33# x 39# x 45# x 49# x 60# x 14# x 16# x 19# x 22# x 26# x 30# x 35# x 40# x 50# x 58# x 65# x 22# x 26# x 30# x 34# x 43# x 48# x 26# x 31# x 36# x 40# x 35# x 40# x 50# x 44# x 55#

32 Steel Standard Beam (I Beam) Beam Dimensions A: Depth B: Web thickness C: Flange width D: Flange thickness Steel Standard Beam (I Beam) 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A depth B web thickness C flange width D flange thickness 3 x 5.7# x 7.5# x 7.7# x 9.5# x 10.0# x 12.5# x 17.25# x 18.4# x 23.0# x 25.4# x 35.0# x 31.8# x 42.9#

33 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Steel Channel Channel Dimensions A: Depth B: Web thickness C: Flange width Bar Size Channel 20 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A depth C flange width B web thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1 x 1/2 x 1/ /4 x 1/2 x 1/ /2 x 1/2 x 1/ /2 x 3/4 x 1/ x 1/2 x 1/ x 5/8 x 1/ x 1 x 1/ x 1 x 3/ /2 x 5/8 x 3/

34 Standard Size Channel 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A depth x weight per ft. (in. x lb. /ft.) B web thickness C flange width 3 x 4.1# x 5.0# x 6.0# x 5.4# x 6.25# x 7.25# x 6.7# x 9.0# x 8.2# x 10.5# x 13.0# x 9.8# x 12.25# x 14.75# x 11.5# x 13.75# x 18.75# x 13.4# x 20.0# x 15.3# x 20.0# x 25.0# x 30.0# x 20.7# x 25.0# x 30.0# x 33.9# x 40.0# x 50.0# Most sizes available in multigrade ASTMA36/A572 GR50 33

35 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Junior Channel Channel Dimensions A: Depth B: Web thickness C: Flange width Junior Channel 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A992 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A depth x weight per ft. (in. x lb. /ft.) B web thickness C flange width 8 x 8.5# x 8.4# x 10.6# x 14.3# Ship & Car Channel 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A992 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A depth x weight per ft. (in. x lb. /ft.) B web thickness 34 C flange width 3 x 7.1# x 13.8# x 12.0# x 15.1# x 16.3# x 18.0# x 19.1# x 22.7# x 18.7# x 20.0# x 21.4# x 22#

36 Ship & Car Channel 20 and 40 ft. stock lengths ASTM A992 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A depth x weight per ft. (in. x lb. /ft.) B web thickness C flange width 10 x 28.5# x 41.1# x 31.0# x 35.0# x 45.0# x 50.0# x 45.8# Steel Tee Bar Tee Bar Dimensions A: Flange B: Web C: Web thickness Steel Tee Bar 20 ft. stock lengths ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. A flange B web C web thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/4 x 3/4 x 1/ x 1 x 1/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 3/ x 2 x 1/

37 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Molded Handrail Dimensions A: " B: " C: " D: " E: " Molded Handrail 20 ft. stock lengths Designation Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Will Fit # /2" square and 1" square Rebar Grade ft. stock lengths Bar # Diameter Weight (lb./ft.) # # # # # # # Welded Wire Mesh 60 x 120 sheet size Designation Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 6 x 6-10/10 (W1.4/1.4).21 6 x 6-6/6 (W2.9/2.9).41 36

38 Bar Stock & Alloys Bar Stock Properties and Applications Hot Rolled Steel A569 Low carbon, commercial quality. A36 The most common steel grade for general structural applications and fabrication Special Bar Quality (SBQ) Manufactured under strict conditions to minimize surface imperfections, visible cavities and excessive chemical segregation in the material. Special quality bars are used in applications requiring more precise internal and surface qualities than are available in merchant quality bars. A1011 Commercial quality, low carbon steel. It is suitable for many applications where the presence of oxide and normal surface defects are not objectionable Medium carbon, special quality manganese steel with deep and uniform surface hardness. It has better heat treatment and machinability qualities than regular carbon steel. Applications include those requiring strength and toughness, such as gears, shafts, axles and bolts. Merchant Bar Merchant Bar Quality is steel that refers to a lower quality type of carbon steel, where surface condition is not as critical. Merchant bars are typically used in light commercial construction, joist manufacturing, industrial/commercial fabrication, and in the manufacturing process of trailers and other heavy equipment, as well as structural applications involving bending, forming, punching and welding. Our Merchant Bar products can also be used to produce a range of end products such as steel walkways, ornamental furniture, railings and rods. 37

39 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Cold Finished Steel Cold finished bars are produced from special quality hot rolled bars. The bar is cold-reduced for improved tolerances, surface quality, mechanical qualities and machinability Smooth surface, low carbon, medium manganese steel with good hardening, machinability and bending characteristics. It is a lower cost option for applications not requiring the strength of high carbon and alloyed steels Used for the same applications as hot rolled 1141, but with a deeper and more uniform surface hardness Free-machining steel recommended for high-production machining and parts requiring higher strength and durability than regular carbon steels Low carbon steel with fast machining and cutting qualities for moderate production rates. It leaves a smooth machined finish and is used when machinability is more important than strength. 12L14 Low carbon, leaded steel designed for fast machining at high production rates. It has good ductility and surface quality, and is recommended for high-speed automatic screw parts. TGP 1045 Shafting Medium carbon steel with good hardenability, through hardness and wear resistance. Its machinability and weldability are fair. As a turned, ground and polished bar, its size accuracy, concentricity, finish and straightness are all superior to those of regular cold finished material. Furthermore, turned, ground and polished material is produced to eliminate all surface defects. 38

40 Alloy Steels Alloy steel bars are often selected for their combinations of properties not attainable in carbon steel. A wide range of strength, fatigue and wear resistance, toughness and hardenability are available. Note that optimal potential can be reached only through proper heat treatment (HR & CF) Widely used alloyed steel containing chromium and molybdenum for parts requiring high tensile strength and toughness. It may be heat treated over a wide range to achieve the correct balance of hardness, strength and ductility. It may be flame or induction hardened in areas requiring localized hardening. It is a low cost, general purpose alloy often used in track pins, nuts, bolts, shafts and bushings (HR) Same qualities as 4140, with improved hardenability and machinability (HR) Highly alloyed with nickel and chromium, allowing for deep hardening and strength when oil quenched. It is used for heavily stressed parts requiring lasting durability (HR) Fine grain alloy of chrome vanadium steel that is durable and abrasion resistant when heat treated. It has high surface hardness and good machinability. Applications include those exposed to heavy stress and shock including springs, blades, gears and machine components (HR AND CF) General purpose case-hardening alloy of chromium, nickel and molybdenum. It has excellent surface hardenability and a strong core, with good weldability and machinability is also available in the normalized condition. The steel is heated above its critical temperature and cooled to refine its grain size and carbide distribution, reducing subsequent heating times (HR) Case-hardening alloy with very high hardenability, impact resistance and fatigue strength. Applications include those under very high contact stress, shock and impact, including aircraft and helicopter gears. 39

41 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Hot Rolled Strip ASTM A1011 Tensile Strength: 40 ksi Yield Point: 50 ksi Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 40 Thickness x Width (in. x in.) 20 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8 x 1/ /8 x /8 x 5/ /16 x 1/2.32 1/8 x 3/ /16 x 3/4.48 1/8 x /16 x /8 x 1-1/ /16 x 1-1/4.80 1/8 x 1-1/ /16 x 1-1/2.96 1/8 x 1-3/ /16 x 1-3/ /8 x /16 x /8 x 2-1/ /16 x 2-1/ /8 x /16 x /8 x 3-1/ /16 x /8 x 3-1/ /16 x /8 x /16 x /8 x /16 x /8 x /16 x /8 x Hot Rolled Flat ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Hot Rolled Flat Thickness x Width (in. x in.) 20 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/4 x 1/2.43 1/4 x 1-3/ /4 x 5/8.53 1/4 x /4 x 3/4.64 1/4 x 2-1/ /4 x /4 x 2-1/ /4 x 1-1/ /4 x 2-3/ /4 x 1-3/ /4 x /4 x 1-1/ /4 x 3-1/2 2.98

42 Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Hot Rolled Flat Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/4 x /8 x /4 x 4-1/ /8 x /4 x /8 x /4 x /8 x /4 x /8 x /4 x /2 x 3/ /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x 1-1/ /4 x /2 x 1-1/ /16 x /2 x 1-3/ /16 x 1-1/ /2 x /16 x 1-1/ /2 x 2-1/ /16 x /2 x /16 x /2 x 3-1/ /16 x /2 x /16 x /2 x 4-1/ /8 x 1/2.64 1/2 x /8 x 3/4.96 1/2 x 5-1/ /8 x /2 x /8 x 1-1/ /2 x /8 x 1-1/ /2 x /8 x 1-3/ /2 x /8 x /2 x /8 x 2-1/ /2 x /8 x 2-1/ /2 x /8 x 2-3/ /8 x /8 x /8 x 1-1/ /8 x 3-1/ /8 x /8 x /8 x 2-1/ /8 x 4-1/ /8 x /8 x /8 x 3-1/ /8 x /8 x /8 x /8 x 4-1/

43 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Hot Rolled Flat Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 5/8 x x /8 x x /8 x x /8 x x /8 x x /8 x x /4 x x /4 x 1-1/ /4 x 1-1/ /4 x 1-1/ /4 x /4 x /4 x 2-1/ /4 x 2-1/ /4 x /4 x /4 x /4 x 3-1/ /4 x /4 x /4 x /4 x /4 x /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x 2-1/ /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x /4 x /8 x x x 1-1/ x x x x 2-1/ x x 2-1/ /2 x x /2 x x x 4-1/ Most sizes available in multigrade ASTMA36/A572 GR50 42

44 Hot Rolled Round ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min Special Bar Quality Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield: 32 ksi Hot Rolled Round Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/16*.095 1/4*.165 5/16*.260 3/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / * Not certified to ASTM A36 43

45 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Hot Rolled Round Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 4-3/ / / / / / /

46 Threaded Rod * Commercial Quality Plain or Zinc Diameter Threads per in. Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / / / / / / / * Threaded rod also available in stainless steel please see page 97 45

47 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Hot Rolled Square ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 36 ksi min. 20 ft. stock lengths Width Cold Finished Flat Cold Finished Flat: 1018 Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/8.48 1/2.85 5/ / / / / / / Thickness x Width (in. x in.) 12 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8 x 1/4.11 3/16 x 1/2.32 1/8 x 3/8.16 3/16 x 5/8.40 1/8 x 1/2.21 3/16 x 3/4.48 1/8 x 5/8.27 3/16 x /8 x 3/4.32 3/16 x 1-1/4.80 1/8 x /16 x 1-1/2.97 1/8 x 1-1/4.53 3/16 x 1-3/ /8 x 1-1/2.64 3/16 x /8 x /16 x 2-1/ /8 x 2-1/ /16 x /8 x /16 x /8 x /16 x /8 x /4 x 3/

48 Cold Finished Flat: 1018 Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 47 Thickness x Width (in. x in.) 12 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8 x /4 x 1/2.43 1/4 x 5/8.53 3/8 x /4 x 3/4.64 3/8 x 1-1/ /4 x 7/8.74 3/8 x 1-1/ /4 x /8 x 1-1/ /4 x 1-1/ /8 x 1-3/ /4 x 1-3/ /8 x /4 x 1-1/ /8 x 2-1/ /4 x 1-3/ /8 x 2-1/ /4 x /8 x 2-3/ /4 x 2-1/ /8 x /4 x 2-1/ /8 x 3-1/ /4 x /8 x /4 x 3-1/ /8 x 4-1/ /4 x /8 x /4 x 4-1/ /8 x /4 x /8 x /4 x /8 x /4 x /8 x /4 x /8 x /4 x /2 x 5/ /4 x /2 x 3/ /16 x 1/2.53 1/2 x /16 x 5/8.66 1/2 x 1-1/ /16 x 3/4.80 1/2 x 1-3/ /16 x 7/8.93 1/2 x 1-1/ /16 x /2 x 1-3/ /16 x 1-1/ /2 x /16 x 1-1/ /2 x 2-1/ /16 x /2 x 2-1/ /16 x /2 x /8 x 1/2.64 1/2 x 3-1/ /8 x 5/8.80 1/2 x

49 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Cold Finished Flat: 1018 Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 48 Thickness x Width (in. x in.) 12 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/8 x 3/4.96 1/2 x 4-1/ /2 x /4 x /2 x 5-1/ /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x /2 x /8 x /2 x /8 x 1-1/ /8 x ¾ /8 x 1-1/ /8 x /8 x /8 x 1-1/ x 1-1/ /8 x 1-1/ x 1-3/ /8 x 1-3/ x 1-1/ /8 x x 1-3/ /8 x 2-1/ x /8 x 2-1/ x 2-1/ /8 x x 2-1/ /8 x x /8 x x 3-1/ /8 x x /8 x x 4-1/ /8 x x /4 x x /4 x 1-1/ x /4 x 1-1/ x /4 x 1-3/ x /4 x x /4 x 2-1/ /4 x 1-1/ /4 x 2-1/ /4 x 1-3/ /4 x /4 x /4 x 3-1/ /4 x 2-1/4 9.56

50 Cold Finished Flat: 1018 Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Thickness x Width (in. x in.) 12 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/4 x 3-1/ /4 x 2-1/ /4 x /4 x /4 x x 2-1/ /4 x x /2 x x /2 x 2-1/ x /2 x 2-1/ x /2 x /2 x /2 x /2 x /2 x x 3-1/ /2 x x /4 x X /4 x 2-1/ Cold Finished Flat: ft. stock lengths Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/8 x 1-1/ /2 x 1-1/ /8 x /4 x 1-1/ x 1-1/ /4 x /2 x

51 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Cold Finished Round L Cold Finished Round 12 and 20 ft. stock lengths Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8.04 3/ /4.17 5/ /8.38 7/ /2.67 9/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

52 Cold Finished Round 12 and 20 ft. stock lengths Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

53 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Turned, Ground & Polished (TGP) and 24 ft. stock lengths Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) O.D. Diameter Tolerance Plus O.D. Diameter Tolerance Minus 1/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Ask your salesperson about processing capabilities for keyed shafts. 52

54 Keyed Shaft with Standard Keyways Diameter of shaft Key set width x depth (in. x in.) Diameter of set screw 1/2-9/16 1/8 x 1/16 # /8-7/8 3/16 x 3/32 1/4 15/16-1-1/4 1/4 x 1/8 5/16 1-5/16-1-3/8 5/16 x 5/32 5/16 1-7/16-1-3/4 3/8 x 3/16 3/8 1-13/16-2-1/4 1/2 x 1/4 1/2 2-5/16-2-3/4 5/8 x 5/16 5/8 2-13/16-3-1/4 3/4 x 3/8 3/4 3-5/16-3-3/4 7/8 x 7/16 3/4 We can custom key any Cold Drawn Bar. Cold Finished Keystock ft. stock lengths Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8.05 3/ /4.21 5/ /8.48 7/ /2.85 9/ / / /

55 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Cold Finished Square ft. stock lengths Size Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8.05 3/ /4.21 5/ /8.48 7/ /2.85 9/ / / / / / / / / / /

56 Cold Finished Hexagon L ft. stock lengths Size Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/4.18 5/ /8.41 7/ /2.73 9/ / / / / / / / / / / / / /

57 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany 56

58 Tubing & Pipe Carbon Tube and Pipe Properties and Applications Tubing Tubing is a hollow construction material produced to actual outside dimensions. A variety of inside dimensions and wall thicknesses are available to alter its strength. Because it is hollow, tubing is often used for its high strength-to-weight ratio in a multitude of manufactured and structural applications. Mechanical Tubing Conforms to ASTM A513, a low-carbon steel that offers good surface finish and forming qualities. It is produced to exact outside and wall thickness dimensions and used in a variety of manufactured and fabricated applications. Mechanical tubing is not intended to convey fluids or gases. Rather, it is used when strength, surface appearance and dimensional accuracy are needed. Structural Tubing Conforms to ASTM A500, offering a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is easily welded, formed, punched and drilled. As its name suggests, it is used for structural purposes and is not intended to convey gases or liquids, as it has not been pressure tested. Whether a product is denoted as mechanical or structural tubing refers to its size and end-purpose. They are available in the following forms: Types of Round Tubing Electric Resistance Welded The most common way of producing tubing, in which hot or cold rolled sheet is gradually formed until the edges meet and are welded together with an electric charge. Seamless In this process, a solid shape, usually a special quality bar, is pulled over a mandrel while rotating to form a hollow tube. It is then further worked to achieve the desired surface finish, wall thickness and diameter. Through this process, a wide range of outside diameters and wall thicknesses are possible. 57

59 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM) A cold drawn electric resistance welded tube with all flash removed and is checked for soundness of the weld. It is normalized and cold drawn over a mandrel to create a uniform, precise product. DOM tubing exhibits excellent outside and inside diameter concentricity, often making it preferred over seamless tubing. Pipe Pipe is a hollow round material produced to nominal inside dimensions. The pipe s schedule refers to its wall thickness. At Klein Steel, we stock structural pipe, which is not intended for the conveyance of fluids or gases. 58

60 Square Tubing Mechanical Tubing ASTM A513 Ultimate Strength: 87 ksi Yield Point: 72 ksi Includes material with 1/2" - 6" outside dimension and ga., 3/16" wall thickness. Structural Tubing 24 ft. stock lengths 24, 40 and 48 ft. stock lengths ASTM A500 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 46 ksi Includes material with 1-1/2" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga., 1/2" wall thickness. Outside Square Dimension Square Tubing Wall gauge Decimal equivalent Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / / / / / /4 3/ / / / / / /2 3/

61 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Outside Square Dimension Square Tubing Wall gauge Decimal equivalent 60 Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1-1/2 1/ / / / / / /2 3/ /2 1/ / / / / / /2 3/ /2 1/ / / / / / / / / / / /

62 Outside Square Dimension Square Tubing Wall gauge Decimal equivalent Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 6 5/ / / / / / / / / / / / /

63 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Rectangular Tubing Mechanical Tubing ASTM A513 Ultimate Strength: 87 ksi Yield Point: 72 ksi Includes material with 18 ga., 14 ga. wall thickness. Structural Tubing ASTM A500 Tensile Strength: 58 ksi Yield Point: 46 ksi Includes material with 11 ga., 1/2" wall thickness. Outside Dimension (in. x in.) Rectangular Tubing Wall Decimal equivalent gauge 24 ft. stock lengths 24 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1 x 1/ /2 x 3/ /2 x /2 x x x x x x 1-1/ x 1-1/ x 1-1/ /2 x /2 x /2 x 1-1/ /2 x 1-1/2 3/ /2 x 1-1/2 1/ x x x 1-1/ x 1-1/ x 1-1/2 3/ x 1-1/2 1/ x x

64 Outside Dimension (in. x in.) Rectangular Tubing Wall Decimal equivalent gauge 63 Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3 x 2 3/ x 2 1/ x x x 2 3/ x 2 1/ x 2 5/ x 2 3/ x 3 3/ x 3 1/ x 3 5/ x 3 3/ x x 2 3/ x 2 1/ x x 3 3/ x 3 1/ x 3 5/ x 3 3/ x 4 1/ x x 2 3/ x 2 1/ x 2 3/ x 3 3/ x 3 1/ x 3 3/ x 4 3/ x 4 1/ x 4 3/ x 4 1/ x 3 1/

65 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Outside Dimension (in. x in.) Rectangular Tubing Wall Decimal equivalent gauge Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 7 x 4 1/ x 2 3/ x 2 1/ x 2 3/ x 3 3/ x 3 1/ x 3 3/ x 4 3/ x 4 1/ x 4 3/ x 4 1/ x 6 3/ x 6 1/ x 6 3/ x 6 1/ x 2 1/ x 3 1/ x 4 3/ x 4 3/ x 6 3/ x 6 1/ x 8 1/ x 2 1/ x 4 1/ x 8 1/

66 Round Tubing 65 ASTM A500/A513 Ultimate Strength: 87 ksi Yield Point: 72 ksi ASTM A500 GR B Structural 58 ksi Yield Point 46 ksi Welded, DOM Round Tubing Outside Dimension Wall gauge or thickness Decimal equivalent Inside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / / / / / / /8 3/ / / / /4 3/ / / / / / / / / /

67 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Round Tubing Outside Dimension Wall gauge or thickness Decimal equivalent Inside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1-1/ / /4 3/ /4 1/ / /4 5/ /8 3/ / /8 5/ / / / / /2 3/ /2 1/ /2 5/ /2 3/ / / /8 3/ /8 3/ / / / / /4 1/ /8 5/ /8 3/ /

68 Round Tubing Outside Dimension Wall gauge or thickness Decimal equivalent Inside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 2 1/ / /8 3/ /8 1/ /8 3/ / /4 1/ /4 5/ /4 3/ /4 1/ /8 1/ / /2 1/ /2 3/ /2 1/ /4 3/ /8 3/ /8 5/ /8 9/ / / / / /4 5/ /4 1/ /4 3/ / /2 1/ /2 5/ /2 1/

69 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Round Tubing Outside Dimension Wall gauge or thickness Decimal equivalent Inside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3-5/8 1/ /8 3/ /4 3/ / /4 3/ /4 5/ / / / /8 3/ /4 3/ /8 5/ / /2 5/ /2 5/ /2 3/ /4 3/ /4 1/ /4 3/ /4 5/ /2 1/ /4 3/ / /2 3/ /2 5/ /4 3/ /

70 Round Tubing Outside Dimension Wall gauge or thickness Decimal equivalent Inside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 7-1/4 3/ /4 3/ /4 1/ Sch. 40 Pipe 21 and 42 ft. stock lengths ASTM A53 Tensile Strength: 60 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi ASTM A500 Tensile Strength: 62 ksi Yield Point: 46 ksi Nominal Inside Dimension Nominal Wall Thickness Inside Dimension Outside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / / / / /

71 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Galvanized Sch. 40 Pipe ASTM A53 Tensile Strength: 60 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi Nominal Inside Dimension Nominal Wall Thickness Inside Dimension 21 ft. stock lengths Outside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/ / / / Sch. 80 Pipe 21 and 42 ft. stock lengths ASTM A53 Tensile Strength: 60 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi ASTM A500 Tensile Strength: 62 ksi Yield Point: 46 ksi Nominal Inside Dimension Nominal Wall Thickness Inside Dimension Outside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / /

72 Structural Quality Steel Plate A36 The most common steel grade for general structural applications and fabrication. It is often used for bolted, riveted and welded applications. A709 (Grade 36) A structural quality carbon steel for use in welded, bolted or riveted construction of bridges and buildings. Most material is certified to bridge specification. Abrasive Resistant Steel AR235 An economical option for applications requiring longer lasting material than hot rolled carbon steel. Offers smooth-sliding abrasion resistance for the handling of grains, cement, sand and gravel. It is machinable, drillable, punchable and moderately formable. AR360 Has higher hardness than AR235 to withstand abrasive sliding and moderate impact. Applications often include material handling buckets, chutes, hoppers and conveyors. It is machinable, drillable, punchable and moderately formable. AR400 High strength steel with high resistance to sliding and impact abrasion. It is a moderate cost option for mining and abrasive material handling. It has greater formability than AR360, with the same hardness. AR500 Offers the highest strength and through-hardness of the abrasiveresistant steels, allowing for very high abrasion and impact resistance. It is a long-lasting option for liners in material handling and mining applications. 71

73 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Carbon Plate Properties & Applications High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) A572 (Grade 50) A commonly used high strength, low alloy steel that allows for reduced section thickness and weight in fabrication. It is weldable and moderately formable. A709 (Grade 50) An alloy steel and tougher to machine than plain carbon steel. Machinability of grade 50 steel is fair. Grade 50 behaves similar to AISI 8615 alloy steel in regard to machining. Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel) A588 Initially corrodes when exposed to atmospheric elements, creating a protective layer against further oxidation. It is high strength, weldable and formable, and particularly useful when lighter weight and high durability are needed. Please note, A588 is not recommended for applications exposed to salt water or salt air. Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) A516 (Grade 70) Manufactured to strict specifications to endure high pressures and improve notch toughness. It is weldable and fine-grained to withstand extreme temperatures. Diamond Tread Plate A786 Diamond Plate Diamond tread plate is designed with four-way raised lugs, providing traction for foot traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring in areas with slippery materials, such as oil, dirt, grease or water. It is also available in stainless steel and aluminum. 72

74 ASTM A36 Hot Rolled Plate Tensile Strength: 58/80 ksi * Yield Point: 36 ksi min. Hot Rolled Plate [We will custom cut to your required size.] Width x Length (in. x in.) Thickness Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 3/16 24 x /16 36 x /16 48 x /16 48 x /16 48 x /16 60 x /16 60 x /16 60 x /16 72 x /16 72 x /16 96 x /4 24 x /4 36 x /4 36 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 60 x /4 60 x /4 72 x /4 72 x /4 72 x /4 96 x /16 48 x /16 48 x * Depending on thickness of material 73

75 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Hot Rolled Plate [We will custom cut to your required size.] Width x Length (in. x in.) Thickness 74 Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 5/16 60 x /16 96 x /8 24 x /8 36 x /8 48 x /8 48 x /8 48 x /8 60 x /8 60 x /8 72 x /8 72 x /8 96 x /16 48 x /16 96 x /2 24 x /2 48 x /2 48 x /2 48 x /2 60 x /2 72 x /2 72 x /2 96 x /2 120 x /8 48 x /8 48 x /8 48 x /8 60 x /8 72 x /8 96 x /8 120 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x

76 Hot Rolled Plate [We will custom cut to your required size.] Width x Length (in. x in.) Thickness 75 Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 3/4 60 x /4 72 x /4 96 x /4 120 x /8 48 x /8 96 x x x x x x x /8 48 x /8 96 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 96 x /8 48 x /8 96 x /2 48 x /2 48 x /2 96 x /8 48 x /8 96 x /4 96 x /8 96 x x x /4 96 x /2 48 x /2 60 x /2 96 x /4 48 x

77 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Hot Rolled Plate [We will custom cut to your required size.] Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 2-3/4 96 x x x /2 48 x /2 96 x x x x x x x x x x Hot Rolled Pickled & Oiled Plate ASTM A36 Tensile Strength: 58/80 ksi * Yield Point: 36 ksi min. Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 3/16 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /8 48 x /8 60 x /2 48 x [We will custom cut to your required size.] * Depending on thickness of material 76

78 Abrasive Resistant Plate AR235 Brinnell Hardness: 200/250 AR360 Brinnell Hardness: 360 min. AR400 Brinnell Hardness: 400 nominal AR500 Brinnell Hardness: 500 nominal [We will custom cut to your required size.] Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) 3/16 48 x /16 96 x /4 48 x /4 96 x /8 48 x /8 96 x /2 48 x /2 96 x /4 48 x /4 96 x x Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 77

79 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Plate ASTM A572 Tensile Strength: 65 ksi Yield Point: 50 ksi min. Corrosion Resistant Plate ASTM A588 Tensile Strength: 70 ksi Yield Point: 50 ksi min. Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 3/16 96 x /4 96 x /8 96 x /2 96 x /8 96 x /4 96 x /8 96 x x /4 96 x /2 96 x /8 96 x /4 96 x x We will custom cut to your required size. 78

80 Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) Plate Grade 70 ASTM A516 Tensile Strength: 70/90 ksi Yield Point: 38 ksi min. Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/4 96 x /16 96 x /8 96 x /2 96 x /8 96 x /4 96 x /8 96 x x /8 96 x /4 96 x /8 96 x /2 96 x /4 96 x x /2 96 x x We will custom cut to your required size. 79

81 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Diamond Tread Plate * Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 14 ga. 48 x ga. 48 x /8 48 x /8 48 x /8 60 x /16 48 x /16 48 x /16 60 x /16 72 x /16 72 x /16 96 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 60 x /4 72 x /4 96 x /8 48 x /8 48 x /8 48 x /8 60 x /8 96 x /2 48 x /2 48 x /2 96 x /4 96 x x * Please see page 99 for T304 stainless diamond tread plate and page 119 for 6061 and 3003 aluminum diamond tread plate. [We will custom cut to your required size.] 80

82 Carbon Sheet Properties and Applications Sheet Hot Rolled Sheet CS Type B (A1011) Low carbon, commercial-quality steel that is soft enough for moderate bending and ductile enough for moderate drawing. It is used for applications in which surface appearance is not essential. Pickled And Oiled (A1011) Mill oxide is removed from the sheet with an acid pickling solution, improving surface appearance and finishing quality. It holds paint and enamel well. Cold Rolled Sheet A1008 Has closer thickness tolerances and higher surface quality than hot rolled pickled and oiled sheet. Its matte finish is suitable for paint, enamel or lacquer. It is formable and ductile enough for moderate drawing. Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel) A606 High strength, low alloy steel with high resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Used for applications in which high strength and lower weight are needed, particularly those exposed to atmospheric elements. It is weldable and formable. 81

83 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Galvanized Sheet CS-B and G60 Has a durable, protective zinc coating to provide superior corrosion resistance. It can be formed, cold drawn and stamped without damaging the protective coating or impairing its protective qualities. Galvannealed Sheet CS-B and A90 Heat treated after a zinc coating is applied to form a zinc-iron alloy. This provides for additional corrosion resistance over galvanized sheet and makes it more scratch-resistant. It is suitable for painting or finishing without further preparation. The protective coating will not be damaged by bending and simple forming. 82

84 Sheet Thickness Tolerances * Hot Rolled, Hot Rolled Pickled & Oiled, Cold Rolled Gauge Decimal Equivalent HR/HRPO Tolerance Range Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) CR * Based on 48" wide sheets 83

85 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Galvanized Sheet Thickness Tolerances Gauge Decimal Equivalent Tolerance Range Galvanized Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 )

86 Hot Rolled Sheet CS Type B (A1011) Gauge Decimal Equivalent Width x Length Weight per sq. ft. (in. x in.) (lb./ft. 2 ) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

87 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Pickled & Oiled Sheet CS Type B (A1011) Gauge Decimal Equivalent Width x Length (in. x in.) 86 Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 3/16" x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cold Rolled Sheet CS Type B (A1008) Gauge Decimal Equivalent Cold Rolled Sheet Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) x x x x x x x x x

88 Gauge Decimal Equivalent Cold Rolled Sheet Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

89 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Galvanized Sheet Gauge Decimal Equivalent Width x Length Weight per sq. ft. (in. x in.) (lb./ft. 2 ) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

90 Galvannealed Sheet Gauge Decimal Equivalent Width x Length Weight per sq. ft. (in. x in.) (lb./ft. 2 ) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

91 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Perforated Sheet Perforated sheets are commonly used for ornamental purposes and applications requiring ventilation such as machine guards, screens, strainers and filters. Hole Diameter Staggered Centers Gauge Decimal Equivalent 48" x 120" sheet size % open area Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/8 3/ % /8 3/ % /8 3/ % /32 3/ % /4 3/ % /4 3/ % /4 1/ % /8 9/ % /8 9/ % /2 11/ % /2 11/ % 2.60 Also available in stainless steel, as shown on pages 104 and

92 Stainless Steel Properties and Applications Stainless T303 Includes sulfur to improve machinability over T304. It is corrosion resistant to atmospheric elements, as well as many chemicals, dyes and foods. It used for machining applications in which formability is not essential. T304 The most common austenitic grade of stainless steel, offering good corrosion resistance to atmospheric, industrial and many chemical elements. It is formable, weldable and typically used for applications in food processing, kitchen appliances, architectural work and chemical containers. T304 is non-magnetic and not hardenable through heat treatment. T304L Low carbon variation of T304 for improved weldability. It is interchangeable with T304, but preferred for welding jobs, particularly those with heavy gauge parts. T316 A chrome-nickel steel with superior corrosion resistance to atmospheric, chemical and industrial elements. It is often used in marine applications, cooking applications, paper processing and applications involving corrosive chemicals. It is typically non-magnetic, unless cold-worked. T316L Low carbon variation of T316 for improved weldability. It is interchangeable with T316, but preferred for welding jobs PH A high strength stainless steel with excellent hardness and corrosion resistance. It is used for high-strength fittings, valves, bolts and medical instruments. 91

93 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany 18-8 An iron-based alloy that contains a nominal 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Super corrosion resistant, non-magnetic and hardenable only by cold working. 416SS Includes phosphorus and sulfur to improve machinability. Highest machinability of stainless grades. Maximum corrosion resistance is obtained by hardening and polishing. Magnetic in all conditions. 440C Capable of acquiring the highest hardness of any of the corrosionresistant steels through heat treatment. It is magnetic in all conditions and used for instrument bearings, nozzles and valves. Welding is not recommended. Diamond Tread Plate Diamond tread plate is designed with four-way raised lugs, providing traction for foot traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring in areas with slippery materials such as oil, dirt, grease or water. It is also available in carbon and aluminum. 92

94 Stainless Angle Angle Dimensions A: Flange length 1 B: Flange length 2 C: Thickness T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi A flange B flange 20 ft. random stock lengths C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/4 x 3/4 x 1/ x 1 x 1/ x 1 x 3/ x 1 x 1/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 1/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 3/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 3/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ x 2 x 1/ x 2 x 3/ x 2 x 1/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 1/ x 3 x 1/ x 3 x 3/ x 4 x 1/ x 4 x 3/

95 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Stainless Channel Channel Dimensions A: Depth B: Flange width C: Web thickness T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi A depth B flange width 20 ft. random stock lengths C web thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 2 x 1 x 1/ x 1-1/2 x 3/ x 1-1/2 x 1/ x 2 x 1/ x 1.9 x

96 Stainless Flat T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi * T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi Stainless Flat 12 ft. stock lengths Thickness x Width Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8 x 1/2.23 1/8 x 3/4.32 1/8 x /8 x 1-1/4.54 1/8 x 1-1/2.66 1/8 x /8 x 2-1/ /8 x /8 x /16 x 1/2.32 3/16 x 3/4.50 3/16 x /16 x 1-1/4.83 3/16 x 1-1/ /16 x /16 x /16 x /16 x /4 x 1/2.44 1/4 x 3/4.67 1/4 x /4 x 1-1/ /4 x 1-1/ /4 x /4 x 2-1/ /4 x * Stainless flats 5/8" and thicker are True Bar. 95

97 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Stainless Flat 12 ft. stock lengths Thickness x Width Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/4 x /4 x /4 x /4 x /16 x /8 x 3/4.96 3/8 x /8 x 1-1/ /8 x 1-1/ /8 x /8 x 2-1/ /8 x /8 x /8 x /8 x /2 x 3/ /2 x /2 x 1-1/ /2 x 1-1/ /2 x /2 x 2-1/ /2 x /2 x /2 x /2 x /8 x 1-1/ /8 x /8 x /4 x 1-1/ /4 x /4 x 2-1/ /4 x /4 x

98 Stainless Flat 12 ft. stock lengths Thickness x Width Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1 x 1-1/ Stainless Round 1 x 1-1/ x x 2-1/ x x x T303 Tensile Strength: 90 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi 17-4 Tensile Strength: 160 ksi Yield Point: 145 ksi 440C Tensile Strength: 110 ksi Yield Point: 65 ksi A416 Tensile Strength: 75 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi Stainless Round Diameter ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8.05 3/ /4.17 5/ /8.38 7/ /2.67 9/ / / / / / / /8 5.05

99 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Stainless Round 12 ft. stock lengths Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1-1/ / / / / / / / / / / / /

100 Stainless Threaded Rod ft. stock lengths Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi Diameter Threads per in. Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / / Stainless Square 12 ft. stock lengths T303 Tensile Strength: 90 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi Width Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/4.21 3/8.48 1/2.85 5/ / /

101 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Stainless Hexagon T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi 12 ft. stock lengths Width Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/4.18 3/8.41 1/2.74 5/ / / Stainless Plate Dual-certified T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi T304L Tensile Strength: 75 ksi Yield Point: 30 ksi T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi T316L Tensile Strength: 75 ksi Yield Point: 30 ksi Stainless Plate Width x Length (in. x in.) 3/16 48 x /16 48 x /16 60 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 60 x /4 72 x /16 48 x /16 60 x /8 48 x /8 48 x /8 60 x /16 60 x /2 48 x Thickness 100 Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 )

102 Stainless Plate Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/2 60 x /16 60 x /8 60 x /4 60 x /8 60 x x x /4 60 x /2 60 x /8 60 x /4 60 x x /2 60 x Stainless Diamond Tread Plate T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) 1/8 48 x /16 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) Please see page 80 for carbon diamond tread plate and page 119 for 6061 and 3003 aluminum diamond tread plate. 101

103 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Stainless Sheet T304 2B * T304 Polished T316 Stainless Sheet Decimal Width x Length Weight per sq. Gauge Tolerance Equivalent (in. x in.) ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x * A 2B finish is annealed, pickled and bright cold rolled. Special size orders are available. 102

104 Stainless Sheet Decimal Width x Length Weight per sq. Gauge Tolerance Equivalent (in. x in.) ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) x x x x x x x Stainless Flattened Expanded Metal Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal that has been cold rolled, leaving a flat and smooth surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by approximately 5% and the width remains the same. Style Size of openings Width x Length Size of strands Width x Thickness 48" x 96" sheet size Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/2 # x x /2 # x x /2 # x x /4 # x x /4 # x x Please see page 138 for carbon and aluminum flattened expanded metal. 103

105 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Stainless Perforated Sheet Perforated sheets are commonly used for ornamental purposes and applications requiring ventilation such as machine guards, screens, strainers and filters. T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi Hole diameter Staggered centers Gauge Perforated sheet with round staggered centers. Decimal equivalent 48" x 120" sheet size % open area Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/16 1/ % /32 5/ % /8 3/ %.92 1/8 3/ % /8 3/ % /16 5/ % /4 3/ % 1.52 Please see page 90 or 139 for carbon steel perforated sheet. 104

106 Stainless Welded Bar Grating: 19W4 T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi Bearing Bar (in. x. in) Thickness x Depth Panel Size (in. x. in) Width x Length Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 3/16 x 1 36 x in. and 1-1/2 in. stainless steel saddle clips are available for anchoring bar grating. Please see pages for carbon steel welded bar grating. Special size orders are available. Stainless Diamond Grip Grating Features and benefits include: Serrated edges around diamond-shaped openings provide slip resistance under slippery conditions Rounded corners reduce the possibility of stress cracks across saddles or at the side of channels under various loading conditions Self-cleaning due to resilience of walking surface 12 ft. stock lengths Lightweight design provides for a high strength-toweight ratio Width Gauge Height Weight per ft. (ga.) (lb./ft.) 11-3/4 x 16 x

107 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Stainless Safety-Tread Ladder Rungs Safety-Tread ladder rungs can be used for new vertical ladders or as an overlay for existing ladder rungs. They have traction buttons in 3- or 4-hole design, providing a safer alternative to pipe or flat bar ladder treads. 5 ft. stock lengths Allowable loads and deflections: C = concentrated load at center of span (lb.) D = deflection resulting from concentrated load All concentrated loads include a safety factor of 1.67 Width Safe load span Weight No. of Rung 16" 18" 20" 24" per ft. holes C D C D C D C D (lb./ft.) 3 1-5/ /

108 Stainless Square Tubing T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi Outside Dimension Wall gauge or thickness 20 ft. random stock lengths Decimal equivalent Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) / / / / /2 3/ / / / / T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi 20 ft. random stock lengths Outside Dimension Wall gauge Decimal equivalent Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1-1/

109 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Stainless Rectangular Tubing T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi Outside Dimension (in. x in.) Wall gauge or thickness 20 ft. random stock lengths Decimal equivalent Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1-1/2 x 1/ x x x x x 2 3/ x x 2 3/ x 2 1/ T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi 20 ft. random stock lengths Outside Dimension (in. x in.) Wall thickness Decimal equivalent Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 4 x 2 1/

110 Welded Stainless Round Tubing T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi Outside Dimension Wall gauge Decimal equivalent Inside Dimension 20 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / / / / / / / / /

111 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Seamless Stainless Round Tubing T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi T316 Tensile Strength: 80 ksi Yield Point: 35 ksi Outside Dimension Wall gauge Decimal equivalent Inside Dimension 20 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / / / / Sch. 40 Stainless Pipe T304 Tensile Strength: 85 ksi Yield Point: 34 ksi Nominal inside dimension Nominal wall thickness Inside Dimension 20 ft. stock lengths Outside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/ / / /

112 Stainless Turned, Ground & Polished (TGP) T316L Stainless Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) O.D. Diameter Tolerance Plus 12 and 24 ft. stock lengths O.D. Diameter2 Tolerance Minus 5/ / / / mm / mm / mm / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / a

113 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) O.D. Diameter Tolerance Plus O.D. Diameter2 Tolerance Minus 6-1/ / Ask your salesperson for sizes available in T303, T410, T416, 17-4 and 20CB b

114 Aluminum Properties and Applications Aluminum Heat Treatable Alloys 2024 High-strength aluminum alloyed with copper. It has fair workability and corrosion resistance, with limited formability. It is used when optimal strength-to-weight ratios are required, such as aircraft and medical uses A general-purpose alloy with good formability, weldability and corrosion resistance. Typical uses include those requiring welding or brazing, structural applications, marine applications and transportation equipment An aluminum alloy with high quality surface finish. It is readily formed and welded, although its machinability is only fair. Applications include furniture, architectural and ornamental uses. Non-Heat Treatable Alloys 3003 Alloyed with manganese to increase strength over commercially pure aluminum (1100), but it is not as strong as commonly used grade It has excellent workability and is readily welded or brazed. Its machinability is fair, improving at higher tempers and increased speeds. Applications include those requiring higher strength than commercially pure aluminum, including drawing, spinning, food and chemical containers, heat exchangers and sheet metal work A high strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy with good workability and weldability. It is not recommended for brazing or soldering applications, however. Machinability is fair and may require additional set-up. It is used for fuel tanks, refrigerator components, utensils, bumpers, and pressure vessels. 109

115 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Diamond Plate Diamond plate is designed with four-way raised lugs, providing traction for foot traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring in areas with slippery materials, such as oil, dirt, grease or water. 110

116 Aluminum Angle Angle Dimensions A: Flange length 1 B: Flange length 2 C: Thickness 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi A flange B flange C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) A flange B flange 25 ft. stock lengths C thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/ x 2 x 1/8.58 3/4 x 3/4 x 1/ x 2 x 3/ x 1/2 x 1/ x 2 x 1/ x 1 x 1/ x 2 x 3/ x 1 x 3/ /2 x 2-1/2 x 1/ x 1 x 1/ x 2 x 1/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 1/ x 3 x 1/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 1/ x 3 x 3/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ x 3 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 3/ x 4 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ x 4 x 3/ x 1-1/2 x 1/ x 4 x 3/ Ultimate Strength: 27 ksi Yield Point: 21 ksi A flange B flange C thickness 16 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/

117 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Aluminum Channel Channel Dimensions A: Depth B: Flange width C: Web thickness 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi A depth C web thickness B flange width 25 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 2 x x x x x x Ultimate Strength: 27 ksi Yield Point: 21 ksi A depth B flange width C web thickness 16 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/4 x 3/4 x 1/ x 1/2 x 1/ /4 x 1-1/4 x 1/ /2 x 1/2 x 1/ /2 x 1-1/2 x 1/ /4 x 1 x 1/ /4 x 1-3/4 x 1/ x 1 x 1/

118 Aluminum Flat 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi ft. stock lengths Aluminum Flat Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/8 x 1/2.08 3/8 x /8 x 3/4.11 3/8 x 1-1/4.56 1/8 x /8 x 1-1/2.66 1/8 x 1-1/4.18 3/8 x /8 x 1-1/2.22 3/8 x 2-1/ /8 x /8 x /8 x 2-1/2.37 3/8 x 3-1/ /8 x /8 x /16 x 3/4.17 3/8 x /16 x /8 x /16 x 1-1/2.33 3/8 x /16 x /2 x 3/4.45 3/16 x /2 x /16 x /2 x 1-1/4.75 1/4 x 1/2.15 1/2 x 1-1/2.88 1/4 x 5/8.20 1/2 x 1-3/ /4 x 3/4.23 1/2 x /4 x /2 x 2-1/ /4 x 1-1/4.38 1/2 x /4 x 1-1/2.44 1/2 x 3-1/ /4 x 1-3/4.53 1/2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x 2-1/2.75 1/2 x /4 x /2 x /4 x 3-1/ /8 x /4 x /8 x 1-1/4.91 1/4 x /8 x 1-1/ /4 x /8 x /4 x /8 x /8 x 1/2.23 3/4 x /8 x 3/4.34 3/4 x 1-1/2 1.35

119 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Aluminum Flat Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/4 x x /4 x 2-1/ x /4 x x /4 x /4 x 1-1/ /4 x /4 x /4 x /2 x x 1-1/ /2 x x x 2-1/ x 2-1/ x x x ft. stock lengths 2024 Ultimate Strength: 68 ksi Yield Point: 47 ksi Aluminum Flat Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/2 x 1-1/ x x 1-3/ /2 x x x x 2-1/ x /4 x x 8-1/ x

120 Aluminum Round 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi 12 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. Weight per ft. Diameter Diameter (lb./ft.) (lb./ft.) 3/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ft. stock lengths 2024 Ultimate Strength: 68 ksi Yield Point: 47 ksi Diameter Weight per ft. (lb./ft.)

121 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Aluminum Square 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi 12 ft. stock lengths Outside Weight per ft. Outside Weight per ft. dimension (lb./ft.) dimension (lb./ft.) 1/ / / / / / / / / ft. stock lengths 2024 Ultimate Strength: 68 ksi Yield Point: 47 ksi Outside dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) / Aluminum Hexagon 12 ft. stock lengths 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi Width Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1/2.26 5/8.40 3/

122 Aluminum Sheet Nominal thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

123 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Aluminum Plate 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi 3003 Ultimate Strength: 22 ksi Yield Point: 21 ksi 5052 Ultimate Strength: 33 ksi Yield Point: 28 ksi Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 3/16 48 x /16 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /8 48 x /2 48 x /8 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x x x /4 48 x /2 48 x x Aluminum Tool & Jig Plate ±.005 thickness and 25 rms finish Thickness * Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/4 48 x /8 48 x /2 48 x /8 48 x /4 48 x x /2 48 x x * Aluminum plate up to 1-1/2" thick is available saw-cut to size. 118

124 Aluminum Diamond Tread Plate 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi * Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/8 48 x /4 48 x /4 48 x /8 48 x /8 48 x Aluminum Diamond Brite Tread Plate 3003 Ultimate Strength: 22 ksi Yield Point: 21 ksi Thickness Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/8 48 x /8 48 x /8 60 x /16 48 x /16 48 x /4 48 x * Please see page 78 for carbon diamond tread plate and page 99 for T304 stainless diamond tread plate 119

125 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Aluminum Regular Expanded Metal Strand width Strand thickness Regular expanded metal is sheet that has been stretched into a rigid open mesh to allow for extra strength and air flow. Style Openings Width x Length Size Strands Width x Length 48" x 96" sheet size Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/2 # x x /2 # x x Aluminum Flattened Expanded Metal Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal that has been cold rolled, leaving a flat and smooth surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by approximately 5% and the width remains the same. Style Openings Width x Length Size Strands Width x Length 48" x 96" sheet size Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/2 # x x /2 # x x /4 # x x /4 # x x /4 # x x

126 Aluminum Expanded Metal Grating Strand width Strand thickness Expanded metal grating is produced from heavier plate than regular expanded metal. It has larger diamonds and is usually used for walkways and platform. Style (lb./ft.) Openings Width x Length Size Strands Width x Length 60" x 144" sheet size Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) x x Please see page 138 for carbon steel expanded metal grating. Aluminum Square Tubing 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi Outside square dimension Wall thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) Outside square dimension 24 ft. stock lengths Wall thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/4 1/ /2 1/ / / /4 1/ / /2 1/ / /2 3/ / / / /

127 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Aluminum Diamond Grip Grating Features and benefits include: Serrated edges around diamond-shaped openings provide slip resistance under slippery conditions Rounded corners reduce the possibility of stress cracks across saddles or at the side of channels under various loading conditions Self-cleaning due to resilience of walking surface Lightweight design provides for a high strength-toweight ratio 12 ft. stock lengths Width Thickness Height Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 7 x.080 x /2 x.080 x /4 x.080 x Please see page 130 for carbon steel diamond grip grating and pages 105 and 131 for stainless steel diamond grip grating. 122

128 Aluminum Rectangular Tubing 24 ft. stock lengths 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi Outside dimension (in. x in.) Wall thickness Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 1-1/2 x 1 1/ x 1-1/2 1/ x 2 1/ x 2 1/ Sch. 40 Aluminum Pipe 6061 Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi Yield Point: 40 ksi Nominal Inside Dimension Nominal Wall Thickness Inside Dimension 21 ft. stock lengths Outside Dimension Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 3/ / / / /

129 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany 124

130 Grating, Flooring & Fiberglass Factors to Consider When Ordering Grating 1. Type of grating (welded, riveted I-bar or pressure lock) 2. Bearing bars (width and thickness) Spacing (center to center) Surface (smooth or serrated) 4. Finish (painted black *, galvanized or bare) 5. Banded trim or structural 6. Span (direction of bearing bar run: measure opening of area allowing for ¼" clearance) 7. Width 3. Cross bars (twisted, smooth rod or flat) Size (diameter for round bar or width & thickness for flat bar) 8. Material (carbon, aluminum, stainless or fiberglass) Spacing (center to center) Line-up (crossbars in line with one another or random from panel to panel) * Please note, painted black refers to a protective coating applied for transport and should not be considered a finish coat 125

131 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Welded Bar Grating 19W4 15W2 We stock welded steel bar grating, a cost-efficient and easy-to-install option. The bearing bars are resistance welded to the cross bars, creating a one-piece constructed panel. It provides a rigid and flat walking surface, most often used for walkways, platforms, drainage covers and ventilation grates. Serrated bar grating is available for additional slip resistance in environments requiring secure footing. Bar grating is available in carbon steel, aluminum and stainless steel. Those products denoted painted black have a protective coating applied for transport, which should not be considered a complete finish coat. In partnership with our vendors, we will help you with the design details of your project. 126

132 19W4 Painted Black * Welded Bar Grating Bearing Bar (in. x in.) Thickness x Depth Panel Size (in. x in.) Width x Length Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/8 x 1 24 x /8 x 1 36 x /8 x 1 36 x /8 x 1-1/4 24 x /8 x 1-1/4 36 x /8 x 1-1/2 24 x /8 x 1-1/2 36 x /16 x 3/4 36 x /16 x 3/4 36 x /16 x 1 24 x /16 x 1 24 x /16 x 1 36 x /16 x 1 36 x /16 x 1-1/4 24 x /16 x 1-1/4 24 x /16 x 1-1/4 36 x /16 x 1-1/4 36 x /16 x 1-1/2 24 x /16 x 1-1/2 36 x /16 x 1-1/2 36 x /16 x 2 36 x /4 x 1 24 x /4 x 1 36 x /4 x 1-1/4 36 x /4 x 1-1/2 36 x /4 x 1-1/2 36 x * Please note, painted black refers to a protective coating applied for transport and should not be considered a finish coat 127

133 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Serrated 19W4 Painted Black * Welded Bar Grating Bearing Bar (in. x in.) Thickness x Depth Panel Size (in. x in.) Width x Length Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 3/16 x 1 36 x /16 x 1-1/4 36 x in. and 1-1/2 in. stainless steel saddle clips are available for anchoring bar grating. 19W4 Galvanized Welded Bar Grating Bearing Bar (in. x in.) Thickness x Depth Panel Size (in. x in.) Width x Length Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/8 x 1-1/4 24 x /8 x 1-1/4 36 x /8 x 1-1/2 24 x /8 x 1-1/2 36 x /16 x 1 24 x /16 x 1 36 x /16 x 1-1/4 24 x /16 x 1-1/4 36 x /16 x 1-1/2 36 x /16 x 1-1/2 36 x * Please note, painted black refers to a protective coating applied for transport and should not be considered a finish coat 128

134 Bar Grating Stair Treads We stock welded steel stair treads, widely used in industrial and commercial applications for their strength and ease of installation. They have steel checker plate nosing, providing added strength and a visible edge for safety. They are a self-cleaning, skid-resistant and economical choice. 19W4 Painted Black & 19W4 Galvanized Bearing Bar (in. x in.) Thickness x Depth Tread Size (in. x in.) Width x Length 3/16 x 1 9-3/4 x 24 3/16 x 1 9-3/4 x 30 3/16 x 1 9-3/4 x 36 3/16 x 1-1/4 9-3/4 x

135 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Diamond Grip * Grating Features and benefits include: Serrated edges around diamond-shaped openings provide slip resistance under slippery conditions Rounded corners reduce the possibility of stress cracks across saddles or at the side of channels under various loading conditions Pre-galvanized for corrosion resistance and protection from atmospheric elements Self-cleaning due to resilience of walking surface Lightweight design provides for a high strength-toweight ratio Carbon Diamond Grip Grating 12 ft. stock lengths Weight Weight Width Gauge (ga.) Height per ft. (lb./ft.) Width Gauge (ga.) Height per ft. (lb./ft.) 4-3/4 x 14 x 1-1/ /4 x 14 x 1-1/ /4 x 12 x 1-1/ /4 x 14 x x 14 x 1-1/ /4 x 12 x 1-1/ x 14 x /4 x 12 x x 12 x 1-1/ /4 x 14 x 1-1/ x 12 x /4 x 14 x /2 x 14 x 1-1/ /4 x 12 x 1-1/ /2 x 14 x /4 x 12 x /2 x 12 x 1-1/ x 14 x /2 x 12 x x 12 x * Diamond grip grating is also available in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled (HRPO) steel 130

136 Stainless Diamond Grip Grating 12 ft. stock lengths Weight per ft. Width Gauge (ga.) Height (lb./ft.) 11-3/4 x 16 x Aluminum Diamond Grip Grating 12 ft. stock lengths Width Gauge (ga.) Height Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 7 x.080 x /2 x.080 x /4 x.080 x Diamond Grip Carrier Plate Carrier plates are used in the fabrication of stair treads. They fit onto the ends of the tread to create an anchor for stair treads other than stock sizes. Width x Height (in. x in.) 7 x 2 9-1/2 x 1-1/2 11-3/4 x 2 131

137 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Safety Grip Features and benefits include: Embossed traction buttons provide superior slip resistance in all directions and weather conditions. Large debossed holes provide maximum drainage of debris and allow up to 50% free air opening. Self-cleaning due to resilience of walking surface. Pre-galvanized for corrosion resistance and protection from atmospheric elements. 12 ft. stock lengths Lightweight design for a high strength-to-weight ratio. Long life span, requiring little maintenance. Galvanized Safety Grip 12 ft. stock lengths Width Gauge (ga.) Depth Weight per ft. (lb./ft.) 5 x 13 x 1-1/ x 13 x 1-1/ x 13 x 1-1/ x 13 x 1-1/ x 11 x x 13 x 1-1/ x 11 x x 11 x Safety grip is also available in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled (HRPO) steel. 132

138 Safety-Tread Plate Safety-Tread Plate has perforated dimples, providing excellent slip resistance in all conditions. It is a longlasting, cost-effective flooring option and can be easily formed to custom shapes. Safety tread plate is stocked in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled (HRPO) steel. Gauge Length Width Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) x x

139 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Safety-Tread Ladder Rungs Safety-Tread ladder rungs can be used for new vertical ladders or as an overlay for existing ladder rungs. They have traction buttons in 2-, 3- or 4-hole design, providing a safer alternative to pipe or flat bar ladder treads. Our carbon steel Safety-Tread ladder rungs are stocked in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled (HRPO) steel. Allowable loads and deflections: C = concentrated load at center of span (lb.) D = deflection resulting from concentrated load All concentrated loads include a safety factor of 1.67 Pickled & Oiled 5 ft. stock lengths Width Safe load span Weight No. of Rung 16" 18" 20" 24" per ft. holes C D C D C D C D (lb./ft.) 2 1-1/ / / Stainless 5 ft. stock lengths Width Safe load span Weight No. of Rung 16" 18" 20" 24" per ft. holes C D C D C D C D (lb./ft.) 3 1-5/ /

140 Regular Expanded Metal Strand width Strand thickness Regular expanded metal is sheet that has been stretched into a rigid open mesh to allow for extra strength and air flow. Carbon Regular Expanded Metal Style Sheet size Size of openings Size of strands Weight per sq. ft. Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/4 #20 48 x x x /4 #18 48 x x x /2 #16 48 x x x /2 #13 48 x x x /4 #16 48 x x x /4 #13 48 x x x /4 #10 48 x x x /4 #9 48 x x x /4 #9 60 x x x /2 #16 48 x x x /2 #13 48 x x x /2 #9 48 x x x /2 #9 72 x x x /2 #6 48 x x x Aluminum Regular Expanded Metal Style Sheet size Size of openings Size of strands Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/2 # x x x /2 # x x x

141 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Flattened Expanded Metal Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal that has been cold rolled, leaving a flat and smooth surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by approximately 5% and the width remains the same. Carbon Flattened Expanded Metal Sheet size Size of openings Size of strands Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) Style Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness 1/4 #20 48 x x x /4 #18 48 x x x /2 #20 48 x x x /2 #18 48 x x x /2 #16 48 x x x /2 #16 48 x x x /2 #13 48 x x x /2 #13 48 x x x /4 #16 48 x x x /4 #13 48 x x x /4 #13 48 x x x /4 #9 48 x x x /4 #9 48 x x x #16 48 x x x /2 #16 48 x x x /2 #13 48 x x x /2 #9 48 x x x /2 #9 72 x x x Stainless Flattened Expanded Metal 48" x 96" sheet size Style Size of openings Size of strands Weight per sq. ft. Width x Length Width x Thickness (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/2 # x x /2 # x x /2 # x x /4 # x x /4 # x x

142 Aluminum Flattened Expanded Metal 48" x 96" sheet size Style Size of openings Size of strands Weight per sq. ft. Width x Length Width x Thickness (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/2 # x x /2 # x x /4 # x x /4 # x x /4 # x x U-edging for Expanded Metal ft. lengths Number Width Opening #401 1 x 1/4 #402 1 x 1/8 #404 3/8 x 1/16 137

143 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Expanded Metal Grating Expanded metal grating is produced from heavier plate than regular expanded metal. It is formed like a truss so that every inter-connecting strand acts as a structural member, distributing load stress in several directions across the supporting frame. It has larger diamonds than regular expanded metal and is usually used for walkways and platforms. Carbon Expanded Metal Grating Style Sheet size Size of openings Size of strands (lb./ft. 2 ) Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness 3 48 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x.312 Aluminum Expanded Metal Grating Style Sheet size Size of openings Size of strands (lb./ft. 2 ) Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness 2 60 x x x

144 Perforated Sheet Perforated sheets are commonly used for ornamental purposes and applications requiring ventilation such as machine guards, screens, strainers and filters. Carbon Perforated Sheet Hole Diameter Staggered Centers Gauge Decimal Equivalent 48" x 120" sheet size % open area Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/8 3/ %.90 1/8 3/ % /8 3/ % /32 3/ %.74 1/4 3/ % /4 3/ % /4 1/ % /8 9/ % /8 9/ % /2 11/ % /2 11/ % 2.60 Stainless Perforated Sheet T304 48" x 120" sheet size Hole diameter Staggered centers Gauge Decimal equivalent % open area Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1/16 1/ % /32 5/ % /8 3/ %.92 1/8 3/ % /8 3/ % /16 5/ % /4 3/ %

145 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Molded Fiberglass Grating Fiberglass grating is strong, light weight and corrosion resistant making it excellent for use in harsh environments. All molded stock is fire retardant, impact-resistant and easy to install. It is a cost-effective, practically maintenance-free alternative to metal grating. It is available in green polyester, orange vinylester and safety yellow polyester varieties. It can be supplied with either a grit or meniscus surface. USDA approved, extra fire retardant and conductive gratings are also available. Height Width x Length of openings (in. x in.) Width x Length of panel (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft. 2 ) 1 1 x 4 36 x x 4 48 x /2 x 1-1/2 48 x /2 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 36 x /2 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 48 x x 2 48 x Hardware & Accessories for Fiberglass Grating Stainless steel hold down, saddle and connector clips in G, J, M and U types Stainless steel nuts, bolts and washers Fiberglass wedge hold down clips Fiberglass curb angle, pedestals and elastomeric pedestals Fiberglass nuts and bolts Fiberglass Structurals Klein Steel can provide technical information on and order fiberglass structurals, gratings, stair treads, hardware and accessories. Angles Beams Channels Curb Angles Fiberbolt Flats Handrail Ladder Rungs Pipe Plate Rounds Round Tubing Square Tubing 140

146 Reference Material Sheet Thickness Tolerances Aluminum Sheet Thickness Tolerance (Inches +/-) Nom. Thick. By alloy group and width range Thru , 3003, 1100, 3003, , 5052, , 5052, , 5086, , 5086, , 3003, 5005, 5052, 5083, 5086,

147 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Hot Rolled HR P&O Cold Rolled Galvanized Tolerances shown are for 48" wide sheets. Weights are based on ordered thickness at lbs. per square foot per inch thick. Hot Rolled, HR P&O, Cold Rolled Galvanized Gauge Dec. Tolerance Range Lbs. per Dec. Tolerance # Equiv. HR, P&O CR sq. ft. Equiv. Range Lbs. per sq. ft

148 Hot Rolled, HR P&O, Cold Rolled Galvanized Gauge Dec. Tolerance Range Lbs. per Dec. Tolerance # Equiv. HR, P&O CR sq. ft. Equiv. Range Lbs. per sq. ft Stainless Sheet/Gauge Sheet Width, Inches Thickness Handmill Inches Under, incl. Gauge 48 max Over.1875 to & to to to to to to & to to to to to to to to to to

149 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Force/Stress Basic unit is pascal (Pa) commonly expressed in mega pascals (MPa). Note: 1,000,000 Pa = 1 MPa 1 pascal = newton per square meter 1 pound force (lbf) = newton (N) 1 pound force per square foot (lbf/ft 2 ) = pascal (Pa) 1 kilogram force (kgf) = newton (N) 1 pound per square inch (psi) = mega pascals (MPa) 1 ft. lb. = Joule 1 Joule =.7376 ft. lb. To convert Multiply by To convert Multiply by psi to MPa MPa to lbf/in ksi to MPa kgf/mm 2 to MPa MPa to psi MPa to lbf/in MPa to ksi N/mm 2 to MPa lbf/in 2 to MPa MPa to N/mm Prefixes Micro - one millionth Deca - 10 times Myria - 10,000 times Mega - 1,000,000 times 144

150 Decimal Equivalent Chart Fraction Decimal Equivalent Metric Equivalent (mm) Fraction Decimal Equivalent Metric Equivalent (mm) 1/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

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152 Millimeter Inch Equivalents mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in Metric = # / 25.4 = inches mm inches = # x

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154 Index Abrasive Resistant Grades Abrasive Resistant Plate Alloy Steels Aircraft quality Bars... 48, 52, 53 Aluminum Angle Bars , 116 Channel Diamond grip grating , 131 Diamond tread plate Expanded metal Expanded metal grating Flat Flattened expanded metal , 137 Flattened expanded metal grating Hexagon Pipe Plate Rectangular tubing Regular expanded metal Round bar Sheet Square bar Square tubing Tool & jig plate Tread plate Tubing Angles Aluminum Carbon Stainless Bar Grating Carbon , 128 Galvanized Stainless Stair treads Welded Index 149

155 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Bars Alloy steel Aluminum , 116 Cold finished Hot rolled... 41, 42 Stainless Turned, Ground & Polished Beams I Beam Wide flange Bevel cutting Burning Carbon Perforated sheet Carrier Plate Diamond grip Certified Klein Steel Channel Aluminum Bar Size Ship & car Stainless Standard... 31, 32 CNC Machining Cold Finished Flat Hexagon Keystock Round bar Square bar Cold Rolled Sheet Component Manufacturing Continuous Process Improvement Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel)... 21, 79 Corrosion Resistant Plate Credit Policy Diamond Grip Carrier Plate Diamond Grip Grating Aluminum , 131 Carbon

156 Stainless , 131 Diamond Tread Plate Aluminum Carbon Stainless Directions... 6 DOM Tubing Drafting Expanded Metal Aluminum , 135 Carbon regular Flattened , 120, 136 Grating Grating, aluminum Regular , 135 Stainless flattened U-edging Fiberglass Grating Grating hardware & accessories Structurals Flat Alloy steel Aluminum Cold finished Hot rolled Stainless Flattened Expanded Metal Aluminum Carbon Stainless Galvanized Angle Bar grating Pipe Safety grip Sheet Stair treads Galvannealed Sheet

157 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Grating Aluminum, expanded metal Bar , 128 Diamond grip Expanded metal Galvanized bar Molded fiberglass Handrail Hexagons Aluminum Cold finished Stainless High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Plate High-speed Mill and Drill Line Hot Rolled Half round Plate Plate, Pickled & Oiled Sheet Square I Beams Kanban KASTO Automatic Storage and Retrieval System Keyed Shaft Keystock Kitting Ladder Rungs Safety-Tread Safety-Tread, stainless Laser LEAN Locations... 5 Machining Materials Management MC Channel Mechanical Tubing Milltronics Miter Cutting Molded Fiberglass Grating

158 Molded Handrail Oxy and Plasma Perforated Sheet Carbon Stainless Pickled & Oiled Ladder rungs Plate Sheet Pipe Aluminum Carbon... 67, 68 Galvanized Stainless Plasma Cutting Plate Tool & jig Plate Abrasive resistant Aluminum Corrosion resistant Diamond tread High strength low alloy (HSLA) Hot rolled Pickled & Oiled Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) Stainless Stainless diamond tread Plate Safety-Tread Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) Processing Capabilities Rebar Rectangular Tubing Aluminum Carbon Stainless Return Policy Round Bar Aluminum Cold finished

159 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Hot rolled Stainless Turned, Ground & Polished Round Tubing Carbon Drawn over mandrel (DOM) Mechanical Stainless , 108 Structural Safety Grip Galvanized Safety-Tread Ladder rungs Plate Stainless ladder rungs Sales Engineer Support Sawing Shearing Sheet Aluminum Cold rolled Galvanized Galvannealed Hot rolled Perforated... 88, 139 Perforated stainless Pickled & oiled Polished stainless Stainless Thickness tolerances Ship & Car Channel Square Bar Aluminum Cold finished Hot rolled Stainless Square Tubing Carbon Stainless Stainless Angle

160 Bar grating Channel Diamond grip grating , 131 Diamond tread plate Flat Flattened expanded metal , 136 Half round Hexagon Ladder rungs , 134 Perforated sheet , 139 Pipe Plate Rectangular tubing Round bar Round tubing , 108 Sheet Square Bar Square tubing Threaded rod Tread plate Stair Treads Standard Beam Strip Hot rolled Structural Quality Steel... 21, 69 Structural Saws Structural Steel Alloy Structurals Aluminum , 112 Carbon Fiberglass Stainless... 91, 92 Supply Chain Management Tee Bar Threaded Rod Carbon Stainless Tolerances Sheet thickness

161 TF: Rochester Buffalo Syracuse Albany Tool & Jig Plate Aluminum Stainless a, 108b Tubing Aluminum , 123 Drawn over mandrel (DOM) Mechanical... 55, 57 Rectangular... 60, 123 Rectangular stainless Round Round stainless , 108 Square... 57, 122 Square stainless Structural... 55, 57 Turned, Ground & Polished Bar U-edging Value-added Services Vendor Management Inventory Vertical Lathe Waterjet Welded Bar Grating Welded Wire Mesh Wide Flange Beam , Klein Steel Service, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Klein Steel Service is a registered trademark of Klein Steel Service, Inc. Other trademarks are registered by their respective owners. 156

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