Hydraulic Extrusion Presses

Transcription

1 Hydraulic Extrusion Presses

2 Hydraulic Extrusion Presses Presses used for the production of tubes, solid rods, hollow sections, wire, and cable sheathing in nonferrous metals By Ernst Miiller Duisburg With 189 Illustrations Springer-Ver lag Berlin/ Gottingen/ Heidelberg 1961

3 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / All rights reserred_ This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced ill any form withuut written permission of the publisher by Springer-Verlag OHG_, Berlill!G6ttingeujHeidelberg 1961 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1961

4 Preface The wide variety of hydraulic presses used for the manufacture of tubes, cable sheathing, rods, profiles, and wire in nonferrous metals has gone through an extraordinarily interesting development which commenced about 50 years ago after the advent of high-tensile hot working steels and has since adapted itself to the steadily growing demands of the metalworking industry. This development has especially been promoted in Germany where many of the old presses are still in use for the extrusion of rods and tubes in heavy metals, and lead, already decades ago, to the construction of hydraulic presses which rank among the largest equipment built for noncutting shaping of metals. This book, therefore, draws in the main upon the German development, giving an account of the advances made in extrusion technique and press design and presenting to the reader the sum of the experience gathered. A great number of very instructive works dealing with the technological aspects in the extrusion of metals and the results obtained in metallurgical investigations has been published. These, it is true, contain important reference material regarding the design of presses and press tooling, but very few of them give a detailed description of the development and calculation of the machines or the requirements to be met by presses and tooling, so that the present book is to fill a gap in the existing literature. This volume not only brings a comparative description of presses, press drives, press controls, auxiliary equipment, and tooling, but also indicates details of design and calculation which are the result of practical experience. In order to limit the scope of this book, such auxiliary equipment as runout and cooling beds, extrusion pullers, materialhandling equipment, stretchers, bar breakers, cable take-up stands, wire coilers, etc., has been excluded. Special presses as used for cold extrusion, extrusion of special alloys, etc., and steel extrusion presses will receive separate treatment in a later, enlarged edition. In his work the author has been generously assisted by many companies at home and abroad whose names are mentioned in the text and to all of whom he extends his thanks. He is especially indebted to his associates Dipl.-Ing. A. HERTL and Dd. E. LOHMANN who translated the book. It is hoped that this volume will be accorded a good reception by the metalworking industry and that it will supply valuable information to all readers. Duis burg, ~Iay 1961 E. Muller

5 Contents Page CHAPTER I: PRESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LEAD PIPES AND WIRE.... a) Lead Pipe Presses b) Lead Trap Presses c) Lead 'Vire Presses... 9 d) Solder Wire Presses CHAPTER II: PRESSES FOR THE MANUFACTt:RE OF LEAD AND ALUMINUM CABLE SHEATHING a) Lead Cable Presses for Charging of Liquid Metal b) Lead- and Aluminum Cable Presses for Billet Extrusion c) Continuous Lead- and Aluminum Cable Sheathing Presses Charged with Molten Metal or Solid Billets CHAPTER III: PRESSES FOR THE EXTRUSION OF PRO.FILES, WIRE AND TUBES OF HEAVY- AND LIGHT METALS a) Horizontal Presses for Direct Extrusion b) Horizontal Presses for Direct and Indirect Extrusion c) Horizontal Combined Rod and Tube Extrusion Presses d) Vertical Combined Rod and Tube Extrusion Presses... " CHAPTER IV: RATING AND DESIGN RULES FOR ROD AND TUBE EXTRUSION PRESSES a) Determination of Piston Forces b) Hydraulic Pressures c) Nomenclature of Tools and Tool Steels d) Upsetting of Billet e) Piercing and Extrusion of Billet f) Dies and Die-Holders g) Piercing Mandrels and Mandrel-Holders... " 158 h) Containers i) Container Heating Systems j) Extrusion Rams k) Die-Carriers, Lateral Die Slides and Rotating Die-Holders I) Counterplatens m) Cylinder-Platens n) Columns ) Movable Crossheads... _... _... " CHAPTER V: DRIVE SYSTEMS a) 'Yater-Hydraulic Pressure Pumps b) Oil-Hydraulic Pressure Pumps c) Pressure 'Vater Accumulators... _

6 CHAPTER VI: HYDRAULIC CONTROLS a) Hand-Lever Controls b) Motor-Driven Controls for Remote-Controlled and Automatic Operation CHAPTER VII: PACKINGS, PIPINGS, VESSELS, AND FITTINGS a) Packings for Stationary Components (Flanges etc.) b) Packings for Sliding Components (Pistons etc.) c) Pipings and Accessories CHAPTER VIII: PRACTICAL EXAMPLES a) Stresses of a Hydraulic Cylinder (Fig. 185) b) Calculation of the Four Columns of a 2,500-Ton Tube and Rod Extrusion Press (Fig. 186) c) Calculation of a Cable Sheathing Press d) Calculation of a Tube and Rod Extrusion Press e) Dimensions and Shrinkage Allowances of a 3-Part Container (Fig. 188) 248 INDEX