Rice Production Practices in Malaysia in. Shuhaimen Ismail

Transcription

1 Rice Production Practices in Malaysia in Relation toghg Emissions Shuhaimen Ismail

2 Rice Production Practices in Malaysia in Relation to GHG Emissions Introduction ti Emission contributors: Area Water regime Fertilizer applictions Straw management Rice GHG inventroy Support needed Summary

3 Introduction Geography Total area: 328,600 km 2 Peninsular Malaysia 131,600 km 2 Sabah 73,700 km 2 Sarawak 123,300 km 2 Coastline: 4,675 km Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak

4 Geography Ml Malaysia is a coastal nation Coastal areas are home to more than 60% of the total population Most coastal regions are low lying, areas that are less than m above the highest h tide, or are within 100m inland of the high water mark, would be especially ill vulnerable to sea level lrise.

5 Malaysia Climate The climate of Malaysia is typical of the humid tropics Relatively uniformtemperatures throughout the year Mean temperature in the lowlands ranges between 26 C and 28 C Although the annual variation of the daily mean temperature t may be small (about (b t2 C to 3 C) the diurnal variation may be as large as 12 C.

6 Malaysia Climate Seasonal variations in climate are more evidently marked by rainfall patterns closely mirror changes in the monsoon winds blowing at different times of the year. The Northeast monsoon is dominant from November to March, bi bringing i moisture it and more rain. Between June and September, the Southwest monsoon winds blow. Over 3,550 mm of rainfall a year are being recorded in the lowlands.

7 Rainy Season

8 Rainy Season

9 Malaysia Land Cover Land Cover Category Area (ha.) Total Area (ha) % Peninsular Sarawak Area /Sabah Forests 5,800,540 10,050,900 15,851, Croplands 5,225,930 5,156,420 10,382, Waterbodies 83,794 30, , No Data 2,058,540 4,630,530 6,689,

10 Rice Production Area Item Rice Parcel (ha) 440, , ,990 Planted Area (ha) 666, , ,525 Total Paddy Production ( 000 ton) 2,314 2,375 2,453 Average Yield (kg/ha) 3,471 3,514 3,845 Total Import (Rice 000 ton) , ,043.0* * (Jan June) Planted area > rice parcel > double cropping in irrigated areas

11 Rice Production Practices in Malaysia in Relation to GHG Emissions A. Rice Parcel (ha) B. Planted Area (ha) Total 2009 Main Season 08/09 Season Off Season 09 Total 425, , ,990 Peninsular Malaysia 320, , ,920 Granary Area 204, , ,246 Sabah 46,826 46,826 46,826 Sarawak 58,244 58,111 58,244 Total 608, , ,527 Peninsular Malaysia 515, , ,230 Granary Area 391, , ,346 Sabah 34,594 22,460 12,134 Sarawak 58,274 58,

12 Malaysia Rice Granary Areas Granary Year Established Project Area Hectarage (ha) Agriculture Area Rice Area MADA , ,501 96,558 KADA ,500 64,555 31,464 Krian Sg. Manik ,282 30,560 28,488 Barat Laut Selangor ,199 82,044 19,701 Seberang Perak ,307 16,437 8,529 KETARA ,736 65,828 5,110 Kemasin Semerak ,350 46,560 5,560 Pulau Pinang ,636 67,095 10,138 Incentives Skim Baja Padi Kerajaan Persekutuan Subsidi Harga Padi (GMP) Harga Minimum Terjamin Insentif Pengeluaran Padi Insentif Peningkatan Hasil Rate 2 beg baja urea, 5 beg baja campuran masing-masing seberat 20kg bagi setiap ekar sawah RM setan metrik bersih dipintu kilang RM Upah Bajak pada kadar maksimum RM sehektar dan input pertanian (racun dan baja) maksimum RM sehektar RM bagi setiap 1 tan metrik peningkatan hasil bersih dipintu kilang berbanding tahun sebelumnya (tahun asas)

13 Water Regimes Irrigation Continously flooded Subjected to flooding Subjected to drying Rainfed Continously flooded Subjected to flooding Subjected to drying

14 Rice Variety Rice variety MR 219 MR 220 MR 232 MR 185 MR 211 Maturation: days

15 Irrigated Area

16 Drying Rice field

17 Crop Establishment Crop Establishment Direct seeding (95%) Wet seeding Dry seeding Volunteer seeding Transplanting (5%) Manual transplanting Mechanical ltransplanting ti Direct seeding: lengthen the duration of rice field under flooded conditions

18 Fertilizer application Fertilizer N kg/ha P 2 O kg/ha K 2 O kg/ha No organic amendment added

19 Straw Management Harvesting 95% by mechanical harvestor

20 Straw Management In rainfed areas Mostly left To rot in the field edof removed ed for other uses In irrigated double cropping areas Burned to clear the field for coming season

21 Rice GHG Inventory Tier 1 Activity data Area and production Assumptions on water regimes, straw management EF Thailand (INC & NC2) Current works establishing local emission factors

22 Support needed Capacity building Developing local EF GHG analytical techniques V&A assessment Mitigation studies and options

23 Summary Malaysia geography is vulnerable to CC particulary sea level rise and extreme climatic events Rice double cropping, inadequate farm water control, direct seeding rice establishment and burning of rice straw enhanced GHG emission from rice field Capacity building and establishment of local baseline data are ungently needed

24 Thanks You