Rabbit production and organization in Italy
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1 China Italy ASIC Meeting on Rabbit Science September 13, 2010, Legnaro (Padova), Italy Rabbit production and organization in Italy Prof. Gerolamo Xiccato Department of Animal Science University of Padova, Italy
2 Rabbit meat production China 44% Others 9% Italy 19% Germany Checz 3% Republic 3% Egypt 6% France 7% Spain 9% Italy is the 2nd producer of rabbit meat ( t per year, FAO)
3 Rabbit meat production Italian statistics Slaughtered rabbit Live weight Carcass weight Meat consumption (x 1000 t) (x 1000 t) (kg/person) FAO 155 millions ISTAT 26 millions Avitalia 67 millions Commerc. + rural estimate 100 millions The Italian production is overestimated by FAO and underestimated by ISTAT and Avitalia
4 Rabbit farms and rabbit does Rabbit farms: - rural (less than 20 does): 100, ,000 - medium ( reproducing does): 5-6,000 - intensive (200-10,000 reproducing does): 2,000-2,500 Number of reproducing does: - rural: 500,000-1 million does - medium: 5-600,000 does - intensive: million does
5 Distribution of rabbit farms Rabbit farm density
6 The Italian production system a) Theoretical interval between kindlings: 6 weeks kindling AI weaning kindling AI weaning kindling fattening fattening b) Theoretical interval between kindlings: 7 weeks kindling AI weaning kindling AI weaning fattening fattening
7 Technical and economic results of rabbit farms in Veneto Controlled farms, n 48 Reproducing does, n 1216±805 Culling rate of reproducing does, % 87.4±17.8 Average kindling to kindling interval, d 56.5±5.9 Fertility, % 76.8 ±6.0 Kindling/doe/year, n 6.52 ±0.53 Mortality during fattening, % 7.1 ±2.2 Sold rabbits/doe/year, n 43.7 ±6.7 Average live weight, kg 2.65 ±0.11 Feed conversion 3.82 ±0.19 (Xiccato, 2005)
8 Rabbit production chain feed industry genetics farmers slaughter houses retailing
9 Genetics Reproducing does in commercial farms are obtained as: - in-farm reproduction or cross of hybrids: 60-70% - commercial hybrids (parents, grand parents): 30-40% Available hybrids: - France: Hyplus-Grimaud (30-40%), Hyla 15-20% - Italy: Martini (30-35%), local selection and pure breeds (ANCI-AIA)
10 Feed industry Production of compound feeds for rabbits: t feed industries of different sizes with a continuous production - Mostly feed industries are not integrated with breeders: 70% of the volume - Only two feed industries (Veronesi and Martini) has developed an integrated system with rabbit farmers: 30% of the volume
11 Vertical integration of the rabbit production chain Main producers of compound feeds (Veronesi e Martini) Producers of genetics (Martini) Breeders Slaughterhouse controlled by the feed industry Retailing
12 Rabbit meat is sold: Retailing - 40% through the mass retailer organization (50% as whole carcasses, 50% cut-up and processed products) - 40% through traditional butchers (80% as whole carcasses) - 15% through others markets (local markets, direct sales, self-consumption) - 5% through canteens, restaurants, agro-tourism (mainly as frozen products)
13 Price of rabbits in Italy (market of Verona) The price (live weight) is highly variable and represents the major problem of the rabbit production The average production cost is 1.80 /kg 2,50 /kg live weight 2,00 1,50 1, , Week
14 Contracts of full integration (vertical) Compound diets, reproducing animals, medications, technical assistance Withdrawal of animals is guaranteed Period: 1-3 years or more Price of meat/kg: based on the work and energy cost and equipment annual costs. Changes in feed intake, health status, live weight, dressing out percentage. Building, equipment, energy, work and management of the farm
15 Contract of product withdrawal Withdrawal of animals is guaranteed (by industries both controlling or not slaughterhouses) Period: 1 year Price of meat/kg: week average value at the market of Verona. Possible negative or positive corrections Compound diets, reproducing animals, medications, environmental control, animal losses Conditions: all diets, or at least the fattening diet, from the feed industry in contract
16 Organizations of rabbit breeders Coniglio Veneto: 400 associates, 20% of the national production; Others associations: in different Regions, to improve the technical level and to get better conditions for selling the product (too small) Avitalia: guarantees the interest of poultry and rabbit breeders through various actions
17 Conclusions Few official information available on the Italian rabbit production system Great individualism and weak integration of the production chain, with several individual rather than collective agreements Increasing integration of the Italian production chain with different contracts between feed companies and breeders (full integration, withdrawal) The lack of cross-professional agreements (especially with mass retailers - superstore) fails to reduce variation of the market price
18 Acknowledges Dr. Andrea Frabetti, Martini Group Dr. Claudio Maniero, Coniglio Veneto-Avitalia Dr. Andrea Zuffellato, Veronesi Group
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