Building good climate services for adaptation: Lessons learned

Transcription

1 Credit for images: Climate Knowledge Brokers Manifesto, Florian Bauer and James Smith (2015). Building good climate services for adaptation: Lessons learned COP22, Marrakesh, 16 November, 2016 Panelists: Facilitator: Katiuscia Fara World Food Programme Graham Clarkson - University of Reading Amy Barthorpe WeFarm Xolisa Ngwadla - CSIR Richard Jones - UK Met Office Sukaina Bharwani Stockholm Environment Institute Aaron Atteridge Stockholm Environment Institute

2 What are climate services? Climate services is an emerging field that aims to bridge the gap between climate science, policy and practice. Involves the timely production, tailoring, translation and transformation of climate information Packaging information to ensure that the most relevant knowledge is effectively communicated, easily accessed and interpreted.

3 Response to various challenges

4 Climate Service users national decision-makers technical advisors sectoral planners city and district-level authorities businesses (global to local) households farmers

5 Heatwave Plan for England Public Health England wrote the plan for: The NHS, local authorities, social care, and other public agencies. Professionals working with people at risk Individuals, local communities and voluntary groups Heath-Health Watch System 1 June-15 September

6 Rapid urban growth in a changing climate Decision maker: Urban planner for a fast-growing city Decision context: Planning for big changes in development paths and climate trends with limited resources to address them. Time-scale: 5-40 years Examples of information needed: How will climate change affect our city infrastructure? Who and what will be most impacted, and how can I find out? What will these changes mean for our current rates of growth and development? Will the infrastructure investments we are making now withstand these changes? Who has the missing data I need to answer these questions? How reliable is the data I already have? 6

7 How do we deliver this? Ideally climate services draw on a variety of sources from scientific research, meteorological, hydrological and climate models, to practical experience and local / indigenous knowledge. They should also involve the process of co-producing knowledge. Building the necessary skills and capacities of different user groups to integrate climate information in their decision-making. Using intermediary organisations or knowledge brokers to do the translating, tailoring, packaging and communicating. adding value to the information for users.

8 SEI Initiative on Climate Services Major gaps Inability to identify and understand user needs Relationship-building and lack of feedback between users and providers Misinterpretation of climate information

9 SEI Initiative on Climate Services Taking an integrated holistic approach Narrowing the climate information usability gap - moving from useful usable and actionable information and the processes required to do this. - This will be achieved through research on the effectiveness of different methods of co-exploration and co-production, decision-making methods, communication and capacity building. - E.g. innovative use of learning labs to bring decision-makers and climate scientists together to co-explore climate information needs.

10 SEI Participatory Framework for Climate Services (PFCS) A research framework will be developed for: the improved design, use and interpretation of climate services applying a user-oriented, decision-driven and science-informed approach. This will also be translated into online guidance with training and capacity building for users, intermediaries and providers. This is being supported by a community of climate services research and practice on weadapt and its online space, Using climate information

11 Sweden SMHI, Rossby Centre, Swedish Forest Agency, HazardSupport, Mistra- SWECIA Burkina Faso CDSF Nigeria CDSF Ethiopia CDSF, ACPC Rwanda ARCOS Thailand Mekong SERVIR, SUMERNET Vietnam VIMHEN, Mekong SERVIR, SUMERNET Philippines PAG-ASA Zambia FRACTAL, CDSF, CEEZ Malawi FRACTAL, CDSF, City of Blantyre Kenya City Council of Nairobi Tanzania CDSF, Sokoine University Mozambique FRACTAL, City of Maputo, University Eduardo Mondlane Indonesia BMKG, Udayana University, IPB Namibia FRACTAL, City of Windhoek, University of Namibia Zimbabwe FRACTAL, City of Harare South Africa FRACTAL, City of Cape Town, Durban and ethekwini Botswana FRACTAL, City of Gaborone

12 Climate Services at WFP Building long-term resilience and food security Katiuscia Fara, WFP Climate Services Advisor November, 2016

13 WFP AND CLIMATE CHANGE

14 Responding to the climate challenge Climate services are crucial to WFP climate resilience work better climate information for planning, early warning and informed early action are essential for achieving food security and building resilience WFP is both a producer and user of climate information Translation of complex climatic information into easy-to-understand information that is accessible and actionable to help governments and vulnerable communities

15 WFP and climate services o WFP Seasonal monitor o Early Warnings - short-term and seasonal weather hazard information to field staff o Global and National level Analysis work o GFCS Adaptation Programme for Africa initiative - in Tanzania and Malawi o SAPARM - piloting the use of custom grazing maps developed through the LEAP platform in Ethiopia o R4 Rural Resilience Initiative o FoodSECuRE - early action by using seasonal climate forecasts to trigger funding for community-level activities

16 A Window into the Future

17 WFP work climate services

18 FoodSECuRe responding to El Nino Strengthening farmers resilience before climate shocks occur through early action Photo: WFP/Vanessa Vick

19 WFP experience with climate services Needs & lessons learnt Need to strengthen dialogue between the generators and users of climatic information Better understanding of climate change impacts on nutrition and food security Better understanding of users needs - different users need different information and at different times/scale

20 Lessons Learnt It starts with the users how do they make decisions? Gaps in basic CS provision at community level need for information that is reliable & easy to understand Traditional knowledge remains central for decision making, but it is becoming increasingly unreliable. Farmers trust farmers first Importance of taking into account gender, cultural norms

21 You need an in integrated approach Increase Resilience through: Reduced losses Adaptive capacity Flexibility

22 ..more lessons Learnt Partnerships are key it is not a one organization job Formal processes or mechanisms are needed to inform CS and enable a two-way dialogue Importance of co-production of knowledge and information: need to create space for this to happen Monitor and evaluate uptake and usefulness is crucial

23 Thank you! World Food Programme

24 Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture PICSA Graham Clarkson, Peter Dorward, Roger Stern

25 Zimbabwe Tanzania Kenya Malawi Ghana Rwanda Lesotho

26 PICSA Climate Information Historical Records Forecasts Farmers Challenges Opportunities Options Crops Livestock Livelihoods The Farmer Decides Participatory Decision Making Tools Options by Context

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28 1100 Dodoma: Annual Total rainfall Annual rainfall (mm) Year

29 Farmers compare and decide which options to try

30 Some initial results In Ghana 97% of farmers had made changes in either their crops, livestock or livelihood enterprises In Rwanda 97% of female farmers stated that they felt better able to cope with bad seasons following the training In Balaka, Malawi, 88% of trainees had shared the PICSA training with their fellow farmers Continuing to learn and adapt approach

31 Impact Through qualitative work farmers are able to describe impacts such as: Paying for children s school fees Enough food for the family all year Animals are healthy Increased income Able to look after myself and not rely on others Invest profits in agriculture, livestock and livelihood Able to store food to cover for the next season Improved social status in household and community My family is happier

32 Thank you Graham Clarkson

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34 500 million smallholder farmers worldwide

35 Remote, isolated & highly susceptible to the effects of climate change 2 problems Reach & Communication

36 Until WeFarm Using SMS to harness the power of the crowd

37 This is Victor His tea farm is being attacked by a pest he s never seen before

38 He sends a SMS free to the WeFarm number WeFarm s smart, crowd-sourcing technology gets his question to other WeFarm users that can help

39 This is Doris A tea farmer in Uganda who receives the question She s dealt with this pest for 20 years. Who better to share useful advice?

40 users interactions since 2015

41 Monthly Active Users 22 % 45% Questions Answered 78% 77% 90 Day Retention 77 % 85 %

42 Resilience through grassroots innovations El Niño Case Study Terrace their land so as to guide their soil against soil erosion. John Construct boreholes to harvest excess water which we can use during dry season Michael Plant short term crops e.g beans, peas that do well in heavy rains Rosemary

43 Actionable insights through real-time data

44 What are farmers already talking about Famers as information providers: over 90% of our weather related questions are proactive

45 Climate services and climate information for adaptation 1 Dr. Richard Jones Science Fellow, Climate Information: Met Office Hadley Centre Visiting Professor, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford Crown copyright Met Office

46 Development and delivery, what have we learnt? From Science to Service: A continuous dialogue between users, producers and intermediaries RESEARCH Past/future weather/climate Translational Science Service Development Service Delivery CUSTOMER This needs to happen at the scale relevant to the user spatially from local to national to regional temporally from daily to seasonal to multi-decadal

47 Building climate resilience in the Pyanj River Basin, Tajikistan climate related disasters include heavy rain induced mudlfows and floods Unstable hill-sides prone to mudflows and landslides Community-level vulnerability Land suitable for cultivation prone to flooding

48 Predictions of increases in heavy rainfall used to justify adaptation funding in Tajikistan Graphs show range of increase in heavy rainfall in climate models assessed in IPCC AR5

49 Lusaka-FRACTAL dialogue to define city burning issues Theme champions propose 8 city problem topics for discussion e.g. Greening Lusaka; Urban flooding; Institutions and practice Participants from Lusaka and FRACTAL split into 4 groups for two sets of 1 hour discussions to unpack the proposed burning issue Summary of relevant aspects of city issues: physical/institutional attributes; impacts; relevance of climate; entry points for action etc.