Development of a Web GIS based Decission Support System for Agriculture Crop Monitoring System

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1 Indexed in Scopus Compendex and Geobase Elsevier, Chemical Abstract Services-USA, Geo-Ref Information Services-USA ISSN , Volume 05, No. 04 (01) August 2012, P.P Development of a Web GIS based Decission Support System for Agriculture Crop Monitoring System D. B. SURESH BABU 1, V. MADHAVA RAO 2 and I. V. MURALIKRISHNA 3 1 Centre for Spatial Information Technology (CSIT), JNTUH, Hyderabad 2 C-GARD, National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD), Hyderabad IST JNTU, Hyderabad dbsureshbabu@gmail.com Abstract: The success of planning for developmental activities depends on the quality and quantity of information available on both natural and socio-economic resources. It is, therefore, essential to devise the ways and means of organizing computerized information system. These systems must be capable of handling vast amount of data collected by modern techniques and produce upto date information. Remote Sensing technology has already demonstrated its capabilities to provide information on natural resources such as crop, land use, soils, forest etc on regular basis. The role of remote sensing and GIS in agricultural applications can be broadly categorized into two groups inventory/mapping and management. While remote sensing data alone is mostly used for inventory, crop acreage estimation, crop condition assessment, crop yield forecasting, soil mapping, etc purposes, the management related activities like irrigation management, cropping system analysis, precision farming, etc. needs various other types of spatial, physical and Environmental information. The later needs to be integrated with remote sensing data wherein the functionality of GIS will be used. In the present study, techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) have been used to monitor and map the Sugarcane crop at farm level. The Quick bird data of 60 cm resolution was acquired. It is geometrically corrected and Georeferenced for subsequent processing and analysis using Digital Image Processing (DIP) and GIS. Using various Customized tools available in GIS, a web based system is developed for monitoring the sugarcane after the preparation of Thematic layers at the farm level. This monitoring system helps the decision makers to take appropriate decisions in order to increase the crop production and other activities related to the crop. The Web GIS helps the non technical users to access the information and take appropriate measures to improve the crop production. With the development of these userfriendly monitoring systems the technology can be made available to common man apart from the Scientific Community. Keywords: Customized Web GIS Based Application, Land Use Planning, Ground Water, Agriculture crop monitoring system, Yield Information, DSS for Agricultural Information, etc., 1.0 Introduction: Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy, contributing about 40 percent towards Gross National Product (GNP) and providing livelihood to about 70 per cent of the population. Hence with an accurate and timely information one can increase the crop growth, acreages, yield of the crop and Crop growth conditions in countries like India to improve the food security and distribution system. Pre-harvest estimates of crop production are needed for guiding the decision makers in formulating optimal strategies for planning, distribution, price fixation, procurement, transportation and storage of essential agricultural products. Advance forecasting about crop condition and crop production has a strong bearing on national economy as well as day-to-day life of the masses.the sugar and onion crises of late 90's showed that a faulty crop forecasting system could create havoc for the government and the public. The space borne remote sensing and GIS Technology has been providing information for many agricultural applications, such as identification and area estimation of short duration and marginal crops grown in fragmented land holdings, detection of crop stress due to nutrients, diseases and quantification of its effect on crop yield. There is a strong need to develop methodologies for improving crop yield models, retrieval of agro-met and canopy parameters, quantification of soil loss, damage assessment and generation of information on moisture and nutrient status of soil sub-surface horizons, in order to achieve the best crop yield. In order to bridge these gaps, the use of WEB GIS and Spatial data base generated through the high resolution satellite imagery will be used for generating the # Copyright 2012 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.

2 832 D. B. SURESH BABU, V. MADHAVA RAO and I. V. MURALIKRISHNA processing and analytical techniques, that would enable integration of ground based parameters with the satellite data. To study the advantage of using the space technology and information technology in crop monitoring and management of various activities involved in achieving a better yield, a study is being done using high resolution satellite data with the use of information technology to create a web GIS application for monitoring the crop production with special emphasis on sugar cane crop. Scope of the Study: The present study is conducted on the land allotted for sugar plan by the concerned authorities is considered for Micro level Planning. The Management of the sugar plant is responsible for attaining high Productivity in Sugar Crop by providing Quality Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Loans etc. to the farmers and implementation of the necessary measures to improve the crop productivity. The management needs to do meticulous field wise observations to achieve the above mentioned features and hence they maintain a Hierarchy. In this hierarchy the field officer who is at the field level is responsible for two to three villages reports to the Area Manager, who looks after a particular area and he/ she in turn reports to the Deputy Sugar cane Agricultural Officer and he/she reports to the Chief Sugarcane Agricultural officer. There is a huge communication and management deficiency within the hierarchy. The wide spread crop area and the levels of hierarchy makes the monitoring very difficult. Due to lack of planning and monitoring for regular water feeding, use of fertilizers and pesticides at the field level reducing the crop productivity. Transportation of the harvested sugarcane to the Sugar plant is a tedious process which is done manually. Managements are not able to keep the old records or History of the Sugarcane fields as they are maintained manually. Crop productivity can be increased by following proper farming techniques with the use of Soil Maps, slope maps, Ground water maps etc.,.. which people are not following with lack of awareness. Proper monitoring system is not available to monitor Field assistants who work in the Sugar plants. All These Issues are due to the Lack of Proper Online Management System: In India Sugar, Tobacco, Palm Oil and Cotton Industries are dependent on Agricultural Productivity. The proportional increase in Crop Productivity increases the profitability of these industries. Limited land availability for Agricultural procedures hampering the Crop Productivity. This scenario can be addressed with two options. 1. Increase the Crop production by adopting an alternative Technical Method. 2. Scientific monitoring of the Crop in the available land. In this case we are emphasizing on the second option for increasing the crop productivity which is otherwise known as Scientific Field Monitoring System. This monitoring system can be best applicable to all Agricultural based industries. A case study is done for the Sugar Industry whose productivity is dependent on the Sugarcane plantation. The proposed System will be used for forecasting the crop production, Identifying the Fields, which are ready for harvesting, need for the use of fertilizer, and application of water, transportation and canal facilities etc for all the Fields and also to get field wise reports like, Delay in providing water to the crops and use of fertilizers in the field at the appropriate time. This technology is effectively used for monitoring the crop production and yield information of crop pertaining to the total land belongs to the Client. This system caters to the needs like obtaining higher productivity, less over heads, Data mining for long term planning, improving the efficiency of the agricultural practices, transparency between the management and staff and enhances the utilization of available resources. These objectives can be achieved effectively with the use of Remote Sensing Technology coupled with GIS techniques Objectives: 1) To Generate a System to monitor the crop Production Using WEB GIS Tools. 2) To generate the natural resources thematic layers like LULC, Ground Water, Soil and slope for the Study Area and make use of Online Study. Study Area: Zaheerabad Mandal, Medak, A.P., INDIA Methodology: The field wise spatial Map is prepared using high resolution Satellite data. Revenue map of the study area is geometrically corrected using the imagery with the help of ground control points collected from the study area using GPS and information regarding each survey number is gathered using the field survey. Information system is developed by integrating the above data with spatial data. Web based Spatial decision support system is generated by customizing the spatial date using Visual Basic,.net and JAVA for better planning and management of the harvested crop.

3 Development of a Web GIS based Decission Support System for Agriculture Crop Monitoring System 833 Results and Discussions: 1.With the help of this WebGIS technology one can enhance the conventional monitoring system which is mostly dependent on either oral or telephonic conversation which leads to miscommunication and hence makes delay in decision by higher authorities. With the development of this real time monitoring system it is possible to have a continuous monitoring of the current field locations and supervisors also. The proposed system contains two major components of Geographic Information system. The static data contains details of the allotted field area mapping in the WebGIS Spatial data base. The Dynamic data contains the particulars of the Sugar fields allotted to the Sugar Plants. The proposed system will p The Proposed system can populate the realistic situation to the decision makers by taking inputs from the above data. The system is designed to have a separate login for different users. Administrators can login through their login and users can login with their login. The total field area allocated for sugar plant can be accessed through the admin login privileges. Number of users can login to the system with the user privileges. The Administrators are only having the authority for creating new ID s to managers, field supervisors and other authorized persons. The Proposed Approach for System: Generally In every Sugar Industry the typical Organization Hierarchy will be followed like, Administration, Chief Cane Managers, Managers, Supervisors, Field Supervisors and Etc Admin Login: From the Given WEB Site ADMIN can Login like, New User ID Creation: Number of new user IDs can be created by administrator log in. Field Supervisor Login: With the Supervisor login, the Supervisor of the Sugar Plant can supervise the total spatial view of the area allotted for the Supervisor. The above developed system gives information about the farmer name, date of sowing, fertilizer used date, date of watering the field,

4 834 D. B. SURESH BABU, V. MADHAVA RAO and I. V. MURALIKRISHNA other crop related data. This reduces the errors committed by individuals in communicating the information to the higher authorities who requires information of all the above data before taking any major decisions. Field History: From the SDSS the history related to every field can be analyzed. For example, the dates in which the fertilizer is used and watering of the fields done can be known. The delay or laxity in watering or usage of fertilizer in the field by the farmer can be known with this SDSS system. This system provides information regarding the dates for watering and the fields which should be undergo watering. The same applies for usage of fertilizer to the field. gives a perfect and authenticated information regarding the farmer name, the requirements for the farm land, type of the crop cultivating in that farm land etc,, to the field supervisor and helps them in improving their performance in work and reduces delay in generating reports. Delay Reports: Delay in Water Application Manager Login: Delay in Fertilizer Application With the help of this login the Manager can see the total view of the Area allotted for the Sugar Plant. The route to the study area is developed by overlaying the road routes to the study area from the satellite imagery onto the map. This gives an advantage to find the nearest route to a particular area and SDSS can also find an alternate route in case of any problem with the shortest route. This DSS package provides information regarding the identification of a selected field and to know the status like the farm areas that are near to harvest, what are the farm lands that are in need of watering, in need of fertilizer etc., avoiding lack of communication that occurs usually with traditional monitoring systems. This Delay in Water and Fertilizer Application

5 Development of a Web GIS based Decission Support System for Agriculture Crop Monitoring System 835 Fields Ready for Cutting Facilities provided by Decision Support System for Agriculture Crop Monitoring: Easy to use and Access the Data Getting Online information about Fields and yield etc., Easy to know the performance of Filed Supervisors. Easy to know the History of each and every field. Real time feeling of visiting the actual field visit/site visit to the management. Reduces the Delay in application of water, Fertilizers and Etc.,. Transparency in Crop growth and land activities with High productivity and low overheads. Transparency to the management in cost control. Transparency for Planning of application of water from cannels,route planning for transportation of crop after yielding to the Sugar plant and Etc., Easy to Maintain the Fields belongs to particular Sugar Plants. Easy to get the status of Each and every Filed, so that total allotted land status of each and every stage of the Crop. Route map to reach the location. Faster response and optimum utilization of available resources. Getting the Online status of each and every stage of the Crop in particular field. Summary of Delay Report to Sugar Plant Management: The system provides continuous monitoring on crop activities and facilitates dynamic planning of strategies to meet the changing requirements of the crop or Sugar plant activities with respect to the impedance of the implementation of planned strategies. The scope for the enhancement in the system is much more as the advancement of the web technology. The databases can be made available for all the concerned authorities through Internet and intranet facilities. This connectivity definitely enhances the mutual cooperation of the authorities to accomplish the task with more efficiency. 5. Conclusion: WEBGIS is an essential tool for effective communication, preparedness, and acts as a guiding tool for Sugar Plant management at the time of decision making. This offers an enhancement for the existing manual system to avoid the human error in making the decisions to enhance the crop production and also provides continuous monitoring of the crop and field activities and operations. With the effective utilization of the advantages provided by the WEBGIS spatial database the efficiency in the planning and implementing activities can be improved. Need for the System: The proposed System will be used for, 1. Better operation and maintenance of Sugar plant Management. 2. Acts as a Better decision tool for Management in maintaining crop lands. 3. To maintain the records available at different hierarchy at one place with Better record keeping. 4. Enhance the Decision making more better and Transparent. 5. For Online maintenance of Sugar plant. 6. To Access and use of the Data Easily. 7. To Get Online information about Fields & Efficiency of the fields yielding & etc., 8. To get the performance of Filed Supervisors. 9. To get the History of each and every field. 10. To give feel like actual Filed / Site Visit to the Management. 11. To Reduce the Delay in application of water, Fertilizers and Etc. 12. To get the Transparency in Crop growth. 13. To get High productivity with low overheads. 14. To get the Transparency in total land activities. 15. To have a better Planning regarding watering of the crop and for route planning to transport the harvested crop to the Sugar plant. 16. To get the status of each and every crop land with in the allotted land, status of each and every stage of the Crop. 17. To get the Route map to reach the location. 18. To get Faster response and optimum utilization of available resources. 19. To get the Online status of Each and every Stage of the Crop in particular field. 20. To get the Delay Reports from Filed about Field activities.

6 836 D. B. SURESH BABU, V. MADHAVA RAO and I. V. MURALIKRISHNA Bibliography: Anselin, L. (1990). What is special about spatial data Alternative perspective on spatial data analysis. In Spatial Statistics: Past, Present and Future, edited by D.A.Griffith, Monograph #12, Institute of Mathematical Geography. 1. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems- Lillisand and Keefer. 2. GIS Development magazines of August 2003 and October Upton, G.J., and Fingleton, B. (1985). Spatial data analysis by example, volume 1: Point pattern and quantitative data. Wiley, Toronto Singapore, Brisbane. Acknowledgements: The authors are like to take this opportunity to express their profound gratitude to Sri Damisetty Srinivasa naidu, Chairman, DBS Institute of Technology, Kavali and Sri. Thota Subharayudu, Managing Director, M/S. Suchan Infotech Ltd, Hyderabad, India for giving this opportunity to publish this paper. We are also extremely indebted to Dr.V.Madhava Rao, Head Centre on Geoinformatics Application in Rural Development (C- GARD), NIRD, Hyderabad, India, Prof. I.V. Murali Krishna Retd Professor, CSIT, JNTU, Hyderabad, India,Dr.Kesava Rao, C-GARD, NIRD, Hyderabad, T.Phanidra Kumar C-GARD, NIRD, Hyderabad, G.Wara Prasad, Hyderabad and Sailaja Gannavarpu, Hyderabad for their kind cooperation and suggestions. References: [1] A DSS is an Integration of Web-Based Programs, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Capabilities and Databases.(Bernard, A.et.al,2003) [2] Web Based Systems, Client can use any internet- Connected computer or web enabled Mobile Phone or PDA to gain Real time Access to the data.(david,h.2006) [3] Web GIS has the Potential to share data, provide easy access for users with limited GIS Knowledge. (Mathlyalagana,V.et.al,2004) [4] Land Use and Land Cover Mapping Madurai District, Tamilnadu, India Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques (International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering (ISSN Number : ) Vol No.: 1, Issue No : 1,Year / month : 2010, Page No.s : 91 To 100 ) [5] WebGIS for Planning Infrastructural Facilities at Village Level (Map india 2010, Jan-2010) [6] Managing land use/cover data harmonized to support land administration and environmental applications in Turkey (Scientific Research and Essays (ISSN Number : ) Vol No.: 5, Issue No : 3,Year / month : Feb -2010, Page No.s : 275 To 284)