R.G. GUPTA Wholesale Markets in Delhi 1985

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2 WHOLESALE MARKETS IN DELHI Published By DELHI AGRICULTURAL MARKETING BOARD

3 iii FOREWORD Ever since I took over as Executive Councilor Development with regulation of wholesale markets as one of the subjects under my charge, I have spend considerable time trying to improve these markets in terms of up gradation of environment, in terms of standard of sanitation, hygiene, proper parking of vehicles, availability of other community facilities, namely banks, water piao, pavements of foot paths, flood lights etc. I am glad to see that the Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board, with the help of various marketing committees, has produced a document worth mentioning on the caption of Wholesale Markets in Delhi. The document is a comprehensive one and gives details of projects executed, and to be executed over the next years. The document can be used as a guideline for future. The document is first of its kind and has been prepared keeping into view the two Master Plans of Delhi, other Planning principles and after making studies of other markets in the country. Various photographs depict the correct state of affairs. I hope, with the help of the document, DAMB will further upgrade the image of various wholesale markets of Delhi and will construct new markets, so that the public at large is benefited. My sincere acknowledgements are due to the persons who have worked in preparing this report. October 1985 Prem Singh Executive Councilor (Development)

4 v PREFACE Delhi Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1976 came into force in 1976, to provide for the better regulation of the purchase, sale storage and processing of agriculture produce in the UT of Delhi and for matters connected therewith or incidental there. Delhi, being the Capital of the country, has several major markets of agriculture produce catering not only to the requirements of the population of Delhi but also serving as a major distribution centers for the entire North West of the country. However, at the time, the Act came into force, only three markets namely the food grain markets at Narela and Najafgarh and the fodder market at Zakhira were under regulation. Subsequently the fruit and vegetable market at Azadpur and the grain market at Shahdara were also brought under the purview of the regulation. Since then proposals have been formulated for the regulation of a few more markets such as the huge grain market at Naya Bazar, Rui ki Mandi and Medganj, the Hides and Skin market, and the Mawa Market near the Old Delhi Railway Station. Currently the board is constructing a new Grain Market at Najafgarh and has made many improvements to the existing Grain Market at Narela. The Board does not feel quite content with its achievements so far, keeping in view the vast potential in this field. With this end in view, a project team was constituted, on the suggestion of the Executive Councilor (Dev.), to prepare a perspective plan for establishment of markets of agriculture produce. Most of the markets in Delhi are located in congested areas and require to be shifted in accordance with the provisions contained in Delhi s Master Plan. One of the constraints before the Board in establishing new markets is the availability of land. The Board does not have a free hand in taking a decision about the location of new markets. The Master Plan of Delhi lays down the land use for practically every inch of land in Delhi and the plans of the Board have to fit in with the provisions in the Master Plan. The project team has come up tithe proposals for establishment of markets in different areas of Delhi which are contained in Chapter 12 of the report. A total of 223 hectare of land of land is proposed to be utilized in establishing the new markets. The task is gigantic one, involving an expenditure of about Rs. 30 crores during the 7 th Five Year Plan, Rs. 40 crores in the 8 th Five Year Plan and Rs. 50 crores in the 9 th Five Year Plan. It is hoped that with the establishment of the proposed new markets, congestion in the city will reduced, all the areas of Delhi would be properly served, the producer will get a more remunerative price for his produce, trade would be carried out in a more modern and scientific way and in healthy and hygienic conditions, and the consumer too would be ultimately benefited. The proposals made in the report might require a few modifications in the light of the provisions of the Second Master Plan for Delhi, when finalized. I am extremely grateful to the Lt. Governor and the Executive Councilor (Development) who have always evinced a keen interest in the functioning of the Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board and without whose guidance this report would not have been possible. I am also thankful of the members of the Project Team and Particularly to Shri R.G. Gupta, Director (City Planning) DDA, who also acts as the Planning Consultant to the Board, for drafting this report. A.H. Scott Chairman DAMB

5 STRUCTURE OF DELHI AGRICULTURAL MARKETING BOARD A.H. Scott Chairmen S.L. Bansal Member Shivender Singh Member Dr. Murari Lal Member L.C. Jain Member Rajinder Kumar Sharma Member Santosh Kumar Member Kalyan Singh Member Mahender Singh Member Prabhu Dayal Member B. Prasad Member Secretary OFFICERS OF PROJECT TEAM 1. A.H. Scott, Chairman, Delhi Chairman Agricultural Marketing Board 2. B. Prasad, Secretary, Delhi Agricultural Member Marketing Board 3. Balbir Singh, Administrator, Agricultural Member Produce Market Committee, Azadpur 4. S.K. Chopra, Executive Engineer Member Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board 5. R.G. Gupta, Director City Planning, DDA Member Secretary Director Traffic & Transport Planning, DDA Planning Consultant, DAMB

6 vii LIST OF MAPS Subject PAGE 1 National Capital Region 4 2 Movements of goods in and out of Delhi Location of major wholesale markets in National Capital Region and other Counter Magnets Location of wholesale markets as envisaged in the first Master Plan of Delhi and in the new draft plan of Delhi Principles of planning a wholesale market Physical Planning of wholesale market Lay out plan of proposed grain market at Najafgarh Lay out plan of Okhla fruit and vegetable market Tentative plan of fodder market at Mangolpuri Concepts plan of wholesale markets at Gazipur Location plan of wholesale markets at Narela Location plan of the Complex on G.T. Karnal Road Lay out plan of existing fruit and vegetable market at Azadpur Daily of trucks in Azadpur mandi from different states (October 1984) Daily departure of trucks from Azadpur Mandi to different states of India (October 1984) Tentative proposal of Azadpur expansion Location of Proposed Markets Location and number of wholesale shops in urban areas of Delhi Location and number of wholesale shops in the Walled City and adjoining areas. 87

7 viii LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Subject PAGE 1 Phool Mandi, Daryaganj showing the narrow entry/exit for different modes of vehicles A small fruit and vegetable market at Shahdara showing 30 congestion. 3 Fruit and Vegetable market at Jheel Khuranja most of the trade 31 is on right of ways of the road. 4 Tilak Nagar fruit and vegetable market with utter confusion Najafgarh grain market proposals showing different 33 blocks for traders and a multi storeyed block with different types of facilities. 6 Fruit and vegetable market at Okla. beautiful market in 36 appearance. 7 Grain market at Shahdara not a single approach road is 39 wide enough to take load of goods and vehicles. 8 Existing fodder market at Zakhira due to improper location it 41 is being shifted. 9 Wholesale mandi at Narela a view of entrance to the mandi Azadpur market part of the carriageway has been used by trucks 53 waiting for entry to the existing mandi. 11 Azadpur market intermixing of slow and fast moving vehicles Azadpur market part of the road used by informal sector Azadpur market entry of the market is crowded Azadpur market another example of traffic chaos at the gate Intermixing of different types of structures Azadpur market Unauthorized and improper use of parking lots Azadpur market addition of unauthorized structures in the front of the planned market. 56

8 ix SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS The Project report on Wholesale Markets in Delhi has been dealt with in four parts. Part one is about population of Delhi, National Capital Region and projections of the same for the end of the century as well as for 2010 A.D. Position has been shown with relation to number of wholesale shops in different Planning Divisions as well as movements of goods in and out of Delhi via major road routes. In this part, policy at National Level, Provisions in the 6 th Five Year Plan as well as outline of National Capital Region have been given alongwith a brief description of Delhi Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, Part two of the Project Report consists, provisions of the first Master Plan as well as of the second draft master plan of Delhi along with zoning regulations and principles of planning of wholesale markets. Part three describes position of all the existing wholesale markets, newly constructed market at Nazafgarh and planning of new markets. Part four is for the proposals of construction of new markets over the next years. Summary of 12 chapters of the Project Report has been given in the following paragraphs. Number of these paragraphs corresponds to the number of paragraphs in various chapters. 1.1 Population of Delhi by the end of the century and 2010 A.D. will be 12.8 million and 20 million respectively against the present population of 7.3 million. Area of National Capital Region is 30,000 sq.km. with 20 priority towns including ring towns Area of Delhi Metropolitan area is 3000 sq.km. and of union territory of Delhi about 1500 sq.km. 1.2 Delhi is a major distribution centre of wholesale trade in the urban limits of Delhi. There are 12,027 shops dealing with agricultural wholesale trade with a concentration of 58 per cent in the Walled City and the adjoining areas. 1.3 With regard to wholesale trade, Delhi has a history of more than 150 years. 2.1 The last quarter of the century is concerned for more and more attention for marketing, trade and improvements in institutional framework. 2.2 In the 6 th Five Year Plan of the country, stress was laid for more and more construction of wholesale markets and regulations of commodities on scientific lines. 3.1 In the approved 1973 document of National Capital Region, decentralization of wholesale commodities and markets was proposed not only to priority towns but to other Counter Magnets too. 4.1 Delhi Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act 1976 is for better regulation of the purchase, sale, storage and process of the Agricultural produce and establishment of markets in the union territory of Delhi, with regard to 105 items. So far Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board is able to regulate few markets for limited commodities, but expected to add some others. 4.3 In 7 th, 8 th, and 9 th Five Year Plans a total out lay of Rs.120 crore with an average expenditure of Rs. 8 crore per annum has been proposed. With this amount most of

9 x the required markets can be planned, developed and constructed. This out lay is about double the present day amount. 5.0 Provisions of the First Master Plan have been given and observed that present day requirements for various wholesale markets are many times than envisaged sometimes in Provisions of the draft modified master plan of Delhi of have been given. 7.0 Chapter seven regarding principles of planning a wholesale market is very important and should be studied before starting planning of any of the wholesale markets. 8.0 Chapter eight gives the details of all the existing markets already constructed / being constructed with para 8.1 for Phool Mandi, Daryaganj; para8.2 For fruit and vegetable market at Shahdara Bholanath Nagar; para 8.3 for Jheel Khuranja; para 8.4 for Tilak Nagar; para 8.5 for Nazafgarh grain market; plan 8.6 for Okla. fruit and vegetable market, 8.7 grain market at Shahdara; para 8.8 fodder market at Zakhira, para 8.9 fodder market at Mangolpuri; para 8.10 wholesale market at Gazipur; para 8.11 wholesale market at Narela; para 8.12 fruit and vegetable market at Gazipur. 9.0 It is a chapter written comprehensively giving the details of existing fruit and vegetable market at Azadpur as well tentative plan of expansion of Azadpur market. This chapter can also be taken as guideline for preparation of other wholesale market plans of Delhi Chapter ten describes the position of wholesale markets in the Walled City of Delhi, regarding number of commercial establishments, number of workers in commercial uses operating in the capital of the country The last chapter which is the most important gives details of the proposals for years with a total out lay of Rs. 120 crore and an average expenditure of Rs. 8 crore per annum, for VIIth, VIIIth & IXth Five Year Plans Proposals regarding location of wholesale markets: Proposals have been formulated commodity wise as well as location wise taking into consideration locations of existing markets, area of each proposed market, position of availability of land and physical and fiscal planning. A Few assumptions: (i) Cost of acquisition of land has been taken at the rate of Rs. 15 lakh per hect. (ii) Cost development of the market has been taken at the rate of Rs 15 lakh per hect. (iii) Cost of construction of various buildings has taken at the rate of Rs per sq.mtr. (iv) 50 percent of total floor area shall be constructed by DDMB, including buildings of various community facilities. (v) Priorities of location of markets along with cost of development.

10 xi Name of market Area in hect. Priorities (Five Year plan) Acquisition & development in Rs. Crore a) Fruits and Vegetable Markets 1. Expansion of Azadpur 15 7 th Madanpur Khaddar, 30 7 th 9.0 (including kela siding) 3. Loni Road 4 7 th Nazafgarh Town 2 8 th Narela 8 8 th Mehrauli 2 8 th Gazipur 20 8 th Nawada/Kirari 10 9 th 3.0 Suleman 9. C.B.D. Shahdara 4 9 th Shastri Park 4 9 th 1.2 Sub Total b) Grain Markets Najafgarh town th & 8 th 3.6 Madanpur Khaddar th 6.0 Narela th 3.6 Gazipur th 6.0 Nawada/Kirari th 6.0 Suleman North of Wazirabad Road th & 9 th 6.0 Mehrauli th 1.2 Sub Total c) Fodder Markets Mangolpuri th 1.5 Gazipur th 1.2 Najafgarh th 0.6 Madanpur Khaddar th 1.5 Sub Total Grand Total Cost of acquisition and development of 223 hect. Of land at the rate of Rs. 30 lakh per hect. Comes to Rs crore.

11 xii d) Cost of construction of various structures in wholesale markets. A wholesale market will consist of different facilities namely restaurants, dhabas, rest houses for farmers and laborers, dispensaries, enquiry offices, post office, banks security posts at suitable points, public conveniences, water huts, dhalaos, small retail markets, parking lots, parks playgrounds and open spaces, blocks for traders, auction platforms and other necessary amenities and facilities. Total volume of construction in any wholesale market will be to the extent of 60 FAR. On this basis, total floor area in various markets which are in 233 hect. will be 233 X 60 percent = lakh sq.mt. Assuming that 50 percent of the floor area will be constructed by DAMB and the balance by individual traders to whom plots will be allotted or auctioned, total cost of construction at the rate of Rs sq.mt. will be Rs.100 crores. e) Total cost of the Project Cost of acquisition and development of land including construction of 50 percent of floor areas will be = Rs Rs. 100/ = Rs crores. Out of the total provision of Rs. 167 crores, it is proposed to develop and construct market to the extent of Rs. 120 crores up to end of century. R.G. Gupta Director City Planning, DDA Director Traffic & Transportation Planning, DDA Planning Consultant, DAMB October 1985

12 xiii CONTENTS Foreword Preface Structure of Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board Officers of Project Team List of Maps List of photographs Summary of Recommendations and Conclusions PAGE iii v vi vii vii viii ix PART I GENERAL Chapter1: Introduction Area and Population of Delhi Catchments Area with Regard to Movement of Goods on Roads in Delhi Historical Growth of Wholesale Markets 7 Chapter2: Policy at National Level Broad Division of Economy of Wholesale Market in the Present Century Provisions in 6 th Five Year Plan 8 Chapter 3: Policy at National Capital region Level 9 11 Chapter 4: Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board Setting up of the Marketing Board Structure and Functions of the Board Statement Showing Details of Income and Expenditure for the Preceding Five Years and Projections for the 7 th, 8 th and 9 th Five Year Plans DAMB 13 PART II DELHI MASTER PLANS AND PLANNING Chapter 5: Provision in the First Master Plans of Delhi: Fruit and Vegetable Markets Food grain Markets Fodder Markets Dry Fruit Market 17 xiv

13 Chapter 6: Provisions as in the Draft Modified Master Plan of Delhi: Regional Distribution Markets Regional cum Local Distribution Markets 18 Chapter 7: Principles of Planning of Wholesale markets PART III PRESENT POSITION OF WHOLESALE MARKETS Chapter 8: Position of Existing Markets in Delhi (Excluding Azadpur) Phool Mandi, Darya ganj Fruit and Vegetable Market at Shahdara Bholanath Nagar Fruit and Vegetable Market at Jheel Khuranja Tilak Nagar Fruit and Vegetable Market Grain Market at Najafgarh Town Okla. Fruit and Vegetable Market Grain market at Shahdara Existing Fodder Market in Zhakira Proposed Fodder Market at Mangolpuri Wholesale Markets at Gazipur Grain Market at Narela Fruit and Vegetable Market at Azadpur 48 Chapter 9: Azadpur Fruit and Vegetable, Including its Expansion Planning of the Existing Market Comprehensive Surveys Conducted by Central Road Research Institute for Azadpur Market Principle of Designing Azadpur Market Extension Proposals of Expansion 62 Chapter 10: Wholesale Market in the Walled City Commercial Use in Walled City Conclusions Drawn from Various Surveys of Commercial Use Conducted from Time to Time by Various Organisations Outline of Proposals for Wholesale Markets Surveys of Grain Market at Naya Bazar, Rui Mani and Med Ganj Area Area Required for Shifting of Grain Market from the Walled City 71 Chapter 11: Position of Other Commercial Markets in Delhi 11.1 Provisions in the Master Plan of Delhi 11.2 Retail Fruit and Vegetable Markets in Delhi

14 xv Chapter12: A Perspective Plan of Wholesale Market in Delhi 2001 A.D Background Population of Delhi Proposals Regarding Location of Wholesale Markets 80 Annexure I: Planning Division wise Distribution of Wholesale Shops in Urban Delhi Annexure II: Zoning Regulations in the First Master Plan and in the New Master Plan of Delhi and Items of Research 88

15 PART I GENERAL

16 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Area and population of Delhi Delhi is a super metropolitan city. Its population as per 1981 census was 6.5 million which would by the end of 1990 go up to 9 million, and 12.8 million by the end of the century. The total area of union territory of Delhi is 1483 square kilometers and is spread out from North to South and east to West in a length and width of 35 kms. and 40 kms. Delhi is surrounded by Delhi Metropolitan Area, which is spread over 3000 sq. kms. With ten towns, namely, Narela, Sonepat, Loni, Ghaziabad, Sahibabad. NOIDA, Faridabad, Ballabgarh, Gurgoan and Bahadurgarh. Then there is the area called the National Capital Region as shown in the Map1. The entire area has 20 priority/ring towns, namely Sonepat, Panipat, Meerut Modinagar, Hapur, Ghaziabad, Sikandrabad, Bullandshahar, Khurja, Palwal, Faridabad, Ballabgarh, NOIDA, Loni, Gurgoan, Bahadurgarh, Narela, Sahibabad, Rewari and Alwar. It is surprising to note that growth of Delhi is the maximum in the country. In the last eight decades it has grown by 26 times. This is the city which has maximum number i.e. 7.5 lakh fast moving vehicles and 14.3 lakh cycles. By 2010 A.D. there is likely to be 28 million passenger trips per day. Population of Delhi, by A.D. is expected to reach 20 million, and the consumption of fruit and vegetable per day will be about 12 million kilograms against present consumption of 3.5 million kgs. per day. It is also very important to note that Delhi has and will have an equal amount of transit trade also. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to prepare plans of development and construction of wholesale markets of essential commodities. Delhi agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation)Act came into force in 1976 to regulate the purchase, sale, storage and processing of agricultural produce and the establishment of markets for agricultural produce in the union territory of Delhi and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 1.2 Catchment area with regard to movement of goods on roads in Delhi 1981 Delhi is a major distribution centre for the entire North West India for a number of commodities. There are 32 major items dealt with in different wholesale markets of Delhi. Name of commodities, number of shops of each commodity and shops per lakh population have been in table No.1. Details regarding distribution of wholesale shops Planning Division wise and in various zones of Walled City have been given in Annexure No.1 and Maps No. 18 and 19. 3

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18 (i) Names of commodities, number of shops in each and No. of shops/lakh population Sl. No. Commodity No. of Wholesale Shops Total Per lakh population 1. Fruit and Vegetable General merchants and kiryana Food grains Other food materials Dry fruits and spices Oil, Ghee etc Pan, Bidi, Cigarettes Fodder and straw Seeds Cotton Others (ii) Movements of goods from and to other States Delhi is the centre of wholesale trade not only for the local population of Delhi or for National Capital Region, but fort the entire North West part of the country. Fruits in Delhi are brought from Afghanistan, Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, Punjab, Utter Pradesh, Bombay, Jaipur, Himachal Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh and large quantities go out to places like Kanpur, Luck now, Bareli and parts of Northern and Southern India. Food grains are produced from Haryana, Utter Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Punjab and go back in large quantities to Utter Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Madras and Karnataka. Fodder is procured from Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan and transported back to Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar. Dry fruits, spices and herbs are procured from Iran, Afghanistan, Jammu & Kashmir, South India, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat and transported back to Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, Rajasthan and Western Utter Pradesh. (iii) Movement of goods in and out of Delhi Majority of the goods coming in and going out of Delhi are via roads and not by railways. As per surveys conducted by DDA in 1981 the position in this behalf was as under and as shown in the Map No. 2. 5

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20 Trucks per day Name of route Fruit and vegetable Other commodities In Out In out N.H N.H N.H N.H N.H Loni Road Historical growth of wholesale markets Delhi has been a major centre for wholesale trading activities not only since the partition of the country but for more than a century. In the last two decades the number of shops in the walled city of Delhi has increased by more than three times the force increased to six times. The first market of hardware was established in Chawri Bazaar in 1840, second market of wholesale trade in dry fruits, spices, herbs in Khari Baoli in 1850 and Phool Mandi at Darya Ganj in In the early nineties wholesale markets of fur, skin, wool and cloth were started in Motian Khan, Bahadurgarh Road, Chandni Chowk and Nai Sarak respectively. In the present century before the partition of the country, all the wholesale markets of Delhi were located in the walled city and in its adjoining areas. Food grain in 1905 in Naya Bazaar, Med Ganj and Rui Ki Mandi; cotton in 1913 in Med Ganj; bicycles, tyres and tubes in 1921 on Esplanade Road; (Chandni Chowk); Glass sheets in 1924 in Fatehpuri and Desh Bandhu Gupta Road; Hosiery in 1930 in Sadar Bazar; Iron scraps, junk, old motor parts and machinery in 1933 on Mundey Wala Road; Fruit and vegetable in 1943 in Old Subzi mandi; timber in 1945 on Desh Bandhu Gupta Road and Teliwara and medical and surgical instruments in 1947 in Bhagirathi Place. 7

21 CHAPTER 2 POLICY AT NATIONAL LEVEL 2.1 Broad division of economy of wholesale markets in the present century Agriculture marketing is an important aspect of Indian economy, and to ensure a better price to the producer and check wastage of agricultural commodities, it is necessary that processing, storage and trading in agricultural commodities should be on modern and scientific lines. The existing wholesale markets require to be improved; organized and new markets should be planned in a scientific manner to rehabilitate the old markets and should also be capable of accommodating trade which is growing rapidly. 2.2 Provisions in the Sixth Five Year Plan There are at present 4452 regulated markets in the country compromising 1906 principal markets and 2546 sub-markets yards. In addition, there are about 22,000 hats. In the Sixth Five Year Plan of the country, the main thrust was laid on the following three factors:- - Further expansion of the regulated markets system in terms both, of more markets and commodities to be brought within the scope of regulations. - Strengthening and streamlining the arrangements for enforcement and inspections, to ensure a regulated system of open auctions, trading practices and margins of inter-mediaries (commission agents); and - Development of rural markets and mandies and establishments of rural markets in areas where such facility is not available within a reasonable distance. 8

22 CHAPTER 3 POLICY AT NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION LEVEL The idea of planning and development of National Capital Region was initiated in early 1960 s. In the first Master Plan of Delhi, it was envisaged that ring towns, Narela, Ghaziabad, Loni, Faridabad, Ballabgarh, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Sonepat in a total area of 8520 hectares would be developed according to a plan to be prepared for the entire region. The first plan of National Capital Region was approved in 1973 by an Advisory Board under the Chairmanship of Minister of Home Affairs. These proposals could not be implemented due to non-existence of any legislation with regard to development of the National Capital Region and less cooperation from adjoining states. Recently in 1985, the National Capital Region Planning and Development Act has come into force and the proposals which will be formulated now by the Authority will be implemented by other States including the Union Territory of Delhi. As shown in Map No.1 of National Capital Region, the total area of the Region is about 30,000 sq. kms. with Delhi as the Mother City with twenty Ring towns and priority towns. Planning and development of the wholesale markets in Delhi cannot be done in isolation and it is very necessary that some of the trades should be shifted from the Mother city of Delhi to other Ring towns and priority towns of the Region. In the first document of 1973 of National Capital Region, action was proposed under the following four heads: - In certain trades, the trade transaction function may continue within Delhi, but the material handling such as, warehousing etc. should be located in the regional priority towns, specially in cases where commodity is being produced in the regional town itself. - Selected trades may be decentralized totally from Delhi. - In Delhi, in some cases there is a case for urban renewal. It is desirable that certain trades which are performing urban functions should be allowed to expand by improving the facilities on the existing sites or in decentralized sites within urban area. - In the regional towns, the infrastructure should be improved or created in terms of accessibility by rail and road, truck terminal facilities, communication facilities, commercial warehousing facilities, residential accommodation and social infrastructure for the population. Keeping the above criteria in view, urban centers were proposed for different types of trades as given under. It would be seen that decentralization of trades was 9

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24 proposed not only in priority towns of National Capital Region but outside too. This has been shown in Map No.3 Fruits and vegetable - Faridabad, Sonepat, Alwar, Meerut Dry fruits, spices and herbs - Khurja, Rewari Food-grains - Hapur, Meerut, Rewari, Khairatal Oils - Hissar, Meerut, Alwar Fur, Skin and Wool - Alwar, Panipat, Saharanpur Fodder - Rohtak, Rewari, Khurja Pulses - Khurja, Rewari, Hapur 11

25 CHAPTER 4 DELHI AGRICULTURAL MARKETING BOARD 4.1 Setting up of Marketing Board In Delhi, the Government of India passed the Delhi Agricultural Produce, Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1976 for better regulation of the purchase, sale storage and processing of the agricultural produce and establishment of markets in the Union Territory of Delhi. In the Act 105 items have been covered which have been categorized into fourteen categories:- - Animal husbandry products - Apiculture - Cattle feeds - Condiments. Spices and others - Fibers - Fruits - Grass and Fodder - Sugar, Gur, Sugarcane, Khandsari, Shakkar - Narcotics - Oilseeds - Pisciculture - Pulses - Vegetables - Cereals 4.2 Structure and Functions of the Board (i) The Administrator shall, for the purposes of this Act, establish a Board to be known as the Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board consisting of a Chairman, to be nominated by the Administrator, and twelve other members, of whom four shall be officials and eight nonofficials, to be nominated by the Administrator in the following manner, namely;- (a) The Director (Agriculture Marketing) and three other officials representing, respectively, the Agriculture Department, the Co-operative Department and the Animal Husbandry Department, of the Delhi Administration, shall be the official members. 12

26 (b) The non-official members shall be- - Two agriculturists, being members of the Market Committees; - One member representing the organizations of farmers; - One progressive agriculturist of Delhi; - One member representing traders and commission agents licensed under section 34; - One member representing the co-operative societies; and - Two members representing the interests of consumers, of whom one shall be a member of the Metropolitan Council of Delhi. (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) The Director shall be ex-officio Secretary of the Board. The Board shall be a body corporate by the name aforesaid, having perpetual succession and a common seal, with powers, to acquire and hold property, and to contract, and shall, by the said name, sue and sued. Every non-official member shall hold office for a period of three years. The Administrator may remove from office any non- official member of the Board who has become subject to any of the disqualifications. A casual vacancy caused by death, resignation or removal of a member, or otherwise in the Board shall be filled by fresh nomination. The Administrator shall exercise superintendence and control over the Board and its officers and may call for such information as he may deem necessary. The Board may, with the approval of the Administrator, delegate any power to its Chairman, Secretary or any of its other officer. The Board may, with the approval of the Administrator, delegate any power to its Chairman, Secretary or any of its other officer. Provided that the person to whom such power is delegated shall function under the superintendence, direction and control of the Board. 4.3 Statement showing details of income and expenditure for the preceding five years and projections for the 7 th, 8 th and 9 th Five Year Plans- D.A.M.B. Income (in lacs) Expenditure Following outlay is proposed for the Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Five Year Plans. Seventh Five Year Plan - Rs.30.0 crore Eighth Five Year Plan - Rs crore Ninth Five Year Plan - Rs crore. 13

27 PART II DELHI MASTER PLANS AND PLANNING

28 CHAPTER 5 PROVISIONS IN THE FIRST MASTER PLAN OF DELHI: In the first master plan of Delhi which came into enforcement on 1 st September, 1962, following provisions about different types of wholesale markets were made: 5.1 Fruit and Vegetable Markets Following three markets in a total area of 14 hectares were proposed. The first two locations are not feasible, while at the third, the market has been constructed. 1. Old Subzi Mandi hectares 2. Sarai Rohilla hectares 3. Okhla hectares 5.2 Food grain Markets It was proposed that offices of wholesale dealers in food grains may continue on G.B. Road and in Naya Bazar. Some of these may be located in Teliwara area, when it is properly redeveloped. However, it was suggested that storage of food grains should take place only in areas earmarked for the purpose in different directions of Delhi. Retail trade in food grains may also continue in Naya Bazar. So far no progress in this regard has been made. 5.3 Fodder Market The masters plan provided that this may be retained near Daya Basti on Najafgarh Road i.e. at Zakhira. Now, however, this is being shifted to Mangolpuri. 5.4 Dry Fruit Market This will continue in its present locations off Church Mission Road and may be adequately enlarged. So, far no action has been taken. Total area proposed in the first master plan of Delhi for these wholesale markets was 23.2 hectares with the break-up as fruit and vegetable in 14 hectares, food grains in 6 hectares, dry fruits in 0.8 hectares and fodder in 2.4 hectares. As per present day projections, area required for such markets is 8 to 10 times more. 17

29 CHAPTER 6 PROVISIONS AS IN THE DRAFT MODIFIED MASTER PLAN OF DELHI: Delhi Development Authority in April 85 published draft master plan of Delhi for inviting objections and suggestions on different proposals including wholesale markets. Following are the provisions made in the draft plan. 6.1 Regional Distribution Markets Regional wholesale markets along with warehousing and truck terminal facilities are proposed to be developed on the major entry routes to Delhi as given below: - in the East near Patparganj and on Loni Road - in the South near Madanpur Khader - in the South-west in Urban Extension - in the North in Urban Extension To bring in decentralization in the wholesale trade, new markets specially requiring large extensive spaces should be located in the towns of Delhi Metropolitan Areas as given below: Ghaziabad - Iron and Steel Faridabad - Motor parts and machinery and iron and steel Gurgaon - Motor parts and machinery and building material Kundli - Fruit and vegetable, timber and building material Loni - Building material and timber Further, Ambala and Saharanpur have been suggested as suitable locations for large wholesale markets for apple. 6.2 Regional-cum-Local Distribution Markets Delhi, in fact, is one metropolitan city and has become an agglomeration of large urban pockets. Eleven secondary wholesale markets as Regional-cum-local markets are proposed as on next page. 18

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31 (i) Following are the six wholesale markets in present urban areas of Delhi:- Sub-Central Business District - Shahdara Okhla - South Delhi Rohtak Road District Centre - West Delhi Shivaji Place District Centre - West Delhi Wazirpur District Centre - North Delhi Rohini District Centre - North-West Delhi (ii) Five wholesale markets each of 10 hectares for 40 lakh population have yet to be located. Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board has prepared proposals for wholesale markets as per details given in Chapter 12. Location of wholesale markets as envisaged in the first master plan of Delhi and in the new draft plan of Delhi has been shown in Map 4. Details regarding zoning regulations in the First Master Plan and Second draft Master Plan are given in Annexure 2. 20

32 CHAPTER 7 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING OF WHOLESALE MARKETS The planning of a modern wholesale market of agricultural produce is a highly technical job and calls for particular expertise in several disciplines. Planning of such markets is more difficult in comparison to planning of residential, industrial or shopping complex. The lay-outs, designs and physical structures are required to be matriculously worked out with reference to the specific needs of a particular market. The need is for simple, low-cost, functional markets and not imposing edifices of concrete and glass. Too heavy an investment will mean heavy rentals which invariably are passed on to producers and consumers who call ill-afford them. The planning and designing of a new market needs to be taken up after thorough examination of the requirements of each market. GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN The following criteria must always be uppermost in the mind of the market designer given due consideration in the final designs:- and - The need for functionality of layout and design to enable case of operation, optimization of product flows, adequate protection of product and people, and maximum flexibility for future development. - The need for economy of design in order to optimize the initial cost. - The need for proper hygiene provisions in respect of both product and people. - The need to adopt the layout and designs to local conditions. - The desirability of structures in which maintenance requirements are minimized. - The need for incorporation of adequate security and safety provisions. The following broad principles may be adopted while planning of such markets. These principles have been explained in Map No.5 and physical planning of a whole sale market in Map No.6. - For a properly planned market there is necessity of adequate water for smooth flow of sewage in sewer lines. In many of the cases sewers are chocked due to mixing of garbage into sewers. - Garbage disposal is difficult in a wholesale market especially in fruit and vegetable market. For this, it is proposed that incinators should be installed in one corner of the complex. To keep sewer lines clean they should be flushed periodically with ample quantity of water. - Location of the market should be at such a place where both the transport routes, roads and railway are available. 21

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35 - While planning a market due care should be taken for its expansion. - Plan of a market should be prepared taking into consideration the requirements of next 30 to 50 years. - For a super metropolitan city, one market would not be adequate. In such cases, as in Delhi, large markets should be established in different directions on the main transport routes. - Proper parking spaces for light and heavy vehicles should be earmarked. - There should be some green buffer between the market and the adjoining areas so that either of two is not distributed from each other. - A fruit and vegetable market is a small city in itself, so should have all types of community facilities, as listed below. - A small shopping centre with adequate number of shops and restaurants. - Post Office and telegraph office. - Police Station or police post - Dispensary - Parking areas for different types of vehicles - DTC bus queue shelter - Fire Station - Public toilets at appropriate places - Check post with weighing facilities - Farmers rest house - Water trough for animals - Drinking water facilities - A wholesale market should be attractive in itself and for this the entire area should be properly landscaped. Shady trees should be grown along the main roads, segregating regional traffic. Tree plantation m ay be done in parking lots also. 24

36 PART III PRESENT POSITION OF WHOLESALE MARKETS

37 CHAPTER 8 POSITION OF EXISTING MARKETS IN DELHI (EXCLUDING AZADPUR) In the first chapter of the report, it was stated that there are 32 major commodities dealt with in various wholesale markets. Out of these 32, only 14 are concerned with Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board. As per surveys conducted by the Delhi Development Authority in 1981, there were 24,600 wholesale principal yards and sub-yard under the control of Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board. Name of Principal yard Sub-yard New Subzi Mandi Azadpur Subzi Mandi, Shahdara, Subzi Mandi, Jheel Khuranja Kelasiding Azadpur Fodder Market, Zakhira Hari Nagar Ashram Nangloi Kishan Ganj Regulated Najafgarh but not. Sarai Pipalthala notified Shahdara Grain market, Narela - Grain market, Najafgarh - Grain market, Shahdara - Data has been compiled for all the principal market yards in terms of area in hectares, amount of incoming and outgoing goods, number of vehicles in peak hours, number of shops with sizes, license fee collected per year and during the last five years, position of utilities and services, availability of community facilities, namely dispensary, police post, bank, fire post, shops of eatables, rest house for traders, drivers and conductors, marketing committees office and conference hall to discuss various problems,and type of environment available in the adjoining areas. Positions of these markets and some other important markets have been explained in this chapter in terms of right-ups, maps and photographs. 27

38 8.1 Phool Mandi, Darya Ganj Daryaganj market is a centrally located secondary market serving a limited geographical area in the heart of Delhi of great importance because of its dense population. This market was established some time in The movement of goods in this market is dominated by trucks followed up non- motorized mini-loads, tempos and horse carts. The market is characterized by the fact that it is practically inaccessible by trucks. As a result, the overwhelming majority of produce items entering the market are carried inside by head loads from trucks stationed (most often illegally) in the vicinity of the market. Another salient feature of this market is that a growing share of the market business is conducted outside the market premises on both sides of the one way lanes of the city streets. The market draws its supplies from Azadpur Mandi and also directly from producing areas, mainly from out of the states. About 25 to 30 per cent of the produce is believed to come from Azadpur Mandi while the balance 70 to 75 per cent input is coming from the green belt areas in the immediate vicinity of Delhi like Buland Shahar, Hapur, Meerut and Ghaziabad etc. 28

39 This market serves a great number of people at moderate cost. This produce is physically carried out of the market by coolies. It is difficult to count number of people rushing out and as such difficult to evaluate the overflow. The peak hours of trade in this market are 4.00 A.M. to 9.00 A.M. There are about 22 commission agents and 200 to 300 small traders operating in this market. Another 100 small traders are estimated to be doing their trade outside the market premises. The location of this market is totally unsuitable from planning point of view and this market is a bottleneck for the traffic. The Delhi Development Authority under its development programmes has developed a new Fruit and Vegetable Marketing complex at Okhla where the Daryaganj market would be shifted. The Daryaganj market has since been denotified. 29

40 8.2 Fruit and Vegetable Market at Shahdara-Bholanath Nagar It is by and large a vegetable market, specially a sugar cane market. The market is hardly in an area of one hectare divided by a road connecting G.T. Shahdara road with Bholanath Nagar. The market derives its most of the supplies from outside the state and hardly 8 per cent of the produce from within Delhi. The market serves a population of 2.5 lakhs. 30

41 8.3 Fruit and Vegetable Market at Jheel Khuranja This is a market of old fashion. Most of the shopkeepers sell their produce by using right of ways of the roads. It derives 95 per cent of its produce from Delhi and hardly 5 per cent from adjoining states. From planning and environmental point of view, the location of this market is totally unsuitable and hardly any infrastructural facility exists there. 31

42 8.4 Tilak Nagar Fruit and Vegetable Market As per surveys conducted by Market Planning and Design Centre, Ministry of Agriculture this market supplies fresh fruit and vegetables to a substantial population of West Delhi. Total weekly inflow is of about 500 tons. It derives about 75 per cent of its supplies from the outside states and only about 25 per cent from green- belt areas of Delhi. It serves about 1.5 lakh population. 32

43 8.5 Grain Market at Najafgarh Town Najafgarh town is situated in the West of Delhi about 25 kilometers from Connaught Place with present population of about 25,000. The town is more than one century old. The town lacks proper infrastructure and community facilities. At present the Najafgarh grain mandi is functioning inside the town market area. The present space inside the market for trading of grains has also thrown the entire functioning of the town market unto chaos. No facilities worth the name are feasible to be provided in the market. The Delhi Development Authority has identified the Najafgarh town as a growth centre based on its potentialities, modalities and other important factors and has prepared a perspective plan of 15 years to develop this township for a population of 50,000. In the proposed plan of DDA, an area of about 12 hectares for a grain market has been earmarked. 33

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45 The Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board has already acquired a piece of land measuring 4.5 hectare in the first phase, for shifting the trade of the existing market. There is also a proposal to develop a small fruit and vegetable market in an area of about 2 hectares and a fodder market in an area of about 2 hectares. These two markets will also be planned and developed by Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board. The first phase of development of the new wholesale regulated grain market on Bahadurgarh Road has already begun according to a scientifically designed and approved layout plan. Lay out plan of the first phase has been given in Map No.7 In the plan following number of shops-cum-god owns of various sizes have been provided:- Shops 6m x 27m = 13 Nos. = 162 m Shops 6m x 21m = 41 Nos. = 126 m m Shops 6m x 10m = 24 Nos. = 60 m m Small shops 3m x 9m = 22 Nos. = 27 m m Small shops 3m x 6m = 28 Nos. = 18 m 128 Nos. Most of the shops have facility of walkways and open auction platforms in the front. A large building of eight storeys has been proposed to accommodate different types of administrative offices, restaurants, banks, dispensary, telephone exchange, fire post, police post, conference room, retiring room, stores etc. Provision of electric service stations, pump house, under ground and over head water tanks, septic tanks and soak pits have been made besides a water trough and a small veterinary dispensary. In the centre of the complex, a large covered auction platform of size of 30m x 60m has been proposed. Adequate amount of parking areas and greeny have been provided in the plan. Comparatively the existing grain market lacks different facilities and amenities. 35

46 8.6 Okla. Fruit and Vegetable Market This market has been planned and designed by DDA under its own development programme. DDA prepared layout plans of Okla. fruit and vegetable market sometime in late seventies. The Project has been recently completed and the market is expected to start functioning soon. Area of the project is 9 hectares with 5 hectares for fruit and vegetable market. Balance area of 4 hectares has been used for master plan green and zonal plan roads. Land use break up (Area in sq.meters) Fruit and vegetable market platform 16,128 Wholesale shops 3,200 Mashakhors 1,360 Auction platforms 3,200 Tea stalls 192 Toilet blocks 128 Public hydrants 512 Ramps and platforms 5,536 Bank plots 720 Electric sub station 146 Cold storage plots 4,770 Roads and parkings 28,366 36

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48 In the complex 48 plots each of size 64 sq.mtrs. of the dimension 4 x 16 meters have been developed. Structures on these will be three storey high and can be used for the purpose of storage on the ground floor, offices on the first floor and residences on the second floor. 240 units each of 4m x 4m i.e. 16 sq.mtrs. have been constructed for mashakhors. There are three large auction platforms which are supposed to be used for auctioning of produce. The lay out plan of this market is shown in Map No.8. Analysis of this market: Constructed basement below mashakhor shops can be used only after giving a proper entry to it. Vehicular approach to the auction platforms will be difficult. Fruit and vegetable market is very good from aesthetic point of view. 38

49 8.7 Grain Market at Shahdara This is a market of the old fashion functioning in crowded streets and bazaars of old Shahdara town. The location of this market is totally unsuitable from planning point of view and no facilities worth the name are feasible to be provided. Daily arrivals in terms of bags are between 130 to 150, out of which 90 per cent of the bags are sold on the same day. There are 50 shops each of size 3.5m x 12m and all of them are privately owned. The market is totally devoid of infrastructural facilities like approach, parking, auction platform, public conveniences and services. (i) Per trip fee collected in the last years Year Amount (in rupees)

50 (ii) Market fee collected in the last years (iii) License fee collected in the last years

51 8.8 Existing Fodder Market at Zakhira The market is an old market located in an area of about 2 hectares. In fact it is a general market having 104 shops each of 4.5m x 9m. Besides, fodder trade, automobile repair units, plastic mini units, general merchandize shops are functioning in this mandi. Daily arrivals of fodder in the market is of 2800 qtls. and is sold on the same day. In the first master plan of Delhi, there was a proposal to retain this market at the same place but now due to construction of a long fly over on the two railway lines one from Delhi to Rohtak and the second from Delhi to Rewari, the market is being shifted at Mangolpuri. (i) Per trip fee collected in the last years Year Amount

52 (ii) Market fee collected in the last years (iii) License fee collected in the last years

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54 8.9 Proposed Fodder Market at Mangolpuri A plot measuring about 5 hectares has been earmarked by the Delhi Development Authority in the north of railway line from Delhi to Rohtak and West of Army Depot in Shakurbasti area. The proposed complex which will be developed by DDA with due consultation of Delhi Agricultural Marketing Board will have the following components. A sizeable area for market committee office with the facility of a small committee room, bank, rest place for workers, weigh bridge, public conveniences, post and telegraph office, a small fire post and a dispensary. Check post at the entry and exit points. Water trough for animals. Dhallao, dust bin, public conveniences, public hydrants and public telephone booths. Three 11 KV sub stations. Some area for informal shopping. A small auction platform if required. Adequate number of roads for circulation. Area for active and idle parking for different vehicles. Number of shops cum office plot. 75 plots each of 60 sq.mtrs. 60 plots each of 20 sq.mtrs. 25 plots each of 10 sq.mtrs. Tentative plan as prepared by DDA has been placed as Map No.9. 44

55 8.10 Wholesale Markets in Gazipur Present population of trans Yamuna area is between 1.3 million to 1.5 million and going to increase to 2.0 million by the end of the century. At present, the trans Yamuna area is fed by fruit and vegetable market at Azadpur but within a period of 10 to 15 years, many markets should be planned and developed in this part of Delhi to make it self sufficient. Besides wholesale markets in north of Wazirabad Road, at Loni Road, near Shastri Park and in Central Business District Vishwas Nagar, a large area for different types of wholesale markets will be developed near Village Gazipur which is touching the Delhi U.P. Border. Delhi Development Authority is proposing following markets in the vicinity of Gazipur. Fruit and vegetable market 20 hect. Grain market 20 hect. Fish and Egg market 4 hect. Fodder Market 4 hect. This area will also have the facility of a large DTC Terminal, railway facility from the line which is being proposed to join Sahibabad with NOIDA and a huge transport nagar to be developed in an area of 50 hect. near U.P. Border. Some of the wholesale markets will be in the north of National Highway No.24 while others in the south of National Highway No. 24. A tentative plan as prepared by DDA has been placed at Map No

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57 8.11 Grain Market at Narela This market is situated on a piece of land measuring approximately 2 hectares, out of which, about one hectare area is occupied by shops cum go downs numbering 68. The market has four gates, two each on its broader sides, facing each other. Beyond the gates on the North West is the Railway Station Narela. Narela Singhu Road connects this market with G.T. Road, Narela Alipur Road connects with Alipur Block and Narela Bawana Road connects it with Kanjhwala Block of union territory of Delhi. Thus this market is very conveniently linked up with rural areas of Alipur and Kanjhawala Block which are known for major production of agricultural produce. The feeding zones of this market are adjoining districts of Haryana within 10 to 20 km form Delhi border. About 35 per cent of wheat and 60 per cent of paddy come from the local production while 65 per cent of wheat and 40 per cent of paddy arrive from Haryana. Due to voluminous increase in arrivals, the trading area of this market has become inadequate to handle efficiently the quantum of produce, particularly during peak seasons of wheat and paddy. The DAMB has taken steps to obtain land in the vicinity of the market for setting up a spacious wholesale regulated market. 47

58 (i) Market fee collected during the last five year Year Amount (in rupees) , 84, , 77, , 84, , 31, , 62, (ii) License fee collected during the last five years , , , , , Fruit and Vegetable Market at Azadpur Details of the market have been dealt with in the next chapter. The Azadpur Fruit and Vegetable Market is the largest wholesale market in Asia with a through put of 2.5 million annual turnover of over Rs.500 crores. The market is planned in a total area of 17.5 hectare with a provision of loading and unloading facilities for 405 trucks, 438 shops for wholesale dealers, 826 shops for mashakhors, 106 tea stalls and dhabas, 4 plots for banks, one post office, 10 plots for cold storage, 2 plots for weighing bridges and provisions for other necessary utilities and services. 48

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60 CHAPTER 9 AZADPUR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE MARKET, INCLUDING ITS EXPANSION Planning and Development of Azadpur Fruit and Vegetable Market and its expansion cannot be dealt with in isolation without going into details of the existing economic and traffic generating activities in its vicinity. For a proper planning of this market as well as its expansion, it is necessary to see the entire area bounded by Outer Ring Road in the North, Ring Road in the South, G.T. Karnal Road in the East and Railway line from Delhi to Karnal in the West. This has been shown in Map No.12. Length of this complex is 3.5 kms. and in this following eleven traffic generating activities are there: Police Station : 1.17 hectares Transport Centre : 9 hectares Fruit and Vegetable : 17.5 hectare (existing market) Peepalthala and : 16.5 hectares Bharola villages Railway Station : 0.5 hectare Existing garden : 2.5 hectares Temporary go downs : 2 hectares Azadpur market expansion : 12.4 hectares Three industrial estates : 54 hectares DTC Depot : 2 hectares DDA warehousing complex : 20 hectares 9.1 Planning of the existing market The market was planned by Delhi Development Authority sometime in late 1960 s. The market was planned in a total area of 17.5 hectares, with a break up 14.5 hectares for wholesale market and the balance for zonal roads. Layout plan of existing market has been given in Map No. 13. Due to voluminous increase in trade over the years, the market has become highly congested beyond all anticipants. Commodities such as bananas, apples, oranges, potatoes and onions which are arriving in massive quantities and of which a substantial proportion is forwarded to other centres, are presently traded in make shift premises, most of which are of necessity located outside the market boundaries. The market has also suffered from several inbuilt deficiencies and defects. In particular, the auction platforms are not approachable by trucks. Also during the busy season hundreds of trucks can be seen parked on G.T. Road creating traffic hazard. Besides there are many cuts in the central verge of the highway, which aggravate the situation further. Some of the problems have been shown in enclosed photographs. 50

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68 9.2 Comprehensive surveys conducted by Central Road Research Institute for Azadpur Market 1. The stretch of G.T. Karnal Road between Ring Road and Outer Ring Road was divided into four segments for the purpose of traffic volume survey. The four segments demarcated were: i) Between Ring Road and Exit Gate ii) Between Panchwati Road and Entry Gate iii) Between Entry Gate and New Mandi Road iv) Between New Mandi Road and Outer Ring Road (Near DTC Depot). In addition to above four locations, turning movements (Right turns and U turns) for different types of vehicles were recorded at. v) The gap in median just opposite Exit Gate and vi) The gap in median opposite Panchwati Road. 2. Classified traffic volume counts were recorded for 16 hours between 6.00 am and am. The pattern of traffic movements observed were as under: In segment (ii) a total of 52,000 vehicles were recorded out of which around 40 per cent were slow vehicles (mostly cycles and cycle rickshaws) and 60 per cent were the fast moving vehicles. The goods vehicles constituted around 16 per cent of total traffic. The peak hour volume on this stretch was 3900 to 4200 vehicles. In segment (i) around vehicles were recorded out of which 39 per cent were the fast vehicles. The goods vehicles constituted around 14 per cent of total traffic. The peak hour a vehicle on this stretch was 4000 to 4200 vehicles. In segment (iii) a total of around vehicles were recorded. The share of slow and fast vehicles was 26 per cent and 74 per cent respectively. The goods vehicles recorded were around 17 per cent of total traffic. The peak hour volume on this stretch was 2600 to 3500 vehicles. In stretch (iv) out of a total volume of 17,800 vehicles the share of slow and fast vehicles was 26 per cent and 74 per cent respectively. The goods vehicles recorded were around 24 per cent. The peak hour volume on this stretch was between 1300 to 1500 vehicles. As seen from above the variations in total traffic volumes, composition of traffic and peak hour volumes between segments (i) and (ii) is not much whereas for other stretches variation between peak hour volumes exists. Segment (iv) carries very low traffic volumes as compared to other three segments. 3. Right turning traffic at Exit Gate constitutes around 63 per cent of the total traffic coming out of Mandi. 4. In absence of proper entry for the vehicles to Mandi for the traffic coming from North (Outer Ring Road Side) the vehicles negotiate U turn firstly at Panchwati and then opposite exit gate. In all around 5700 vehicles make U turns 58

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70 From these two points which contribute around 25 per cent of total traffic at this part of the segment. The maximum peak hour U turning movements are made by 639 vehicles. 5. Each loaded vehicle, before making an entry to the mandi through Entry Gate, has to complete some formalities at entry gate which results in the formation of queues on the western side of main carriageway between Exit Gate and Entry Gate. 6. Parking demand for trucks and cycle rickshaws was quite heavy on various segments of G.T. Karnal Road and these two types of vehicles accounted for around 70 per cent of the total parked vehicles during different hours of the day. 7. Maximum number of parked vehicles were observed to be trucks (around 100 and more) on different segments of G.T. Karnal Road between New Mandi Area to Outer Ring Road. 8. A maximum of around 1900 vehicles were observed to be parked at a.m. inside Mandi, the majority of which were trucks. 9. Out of 1769 trucks which entered the mandi around 26 per cent of these vehicles were from Delhi, about 41 per cent from northern states of Haryana, Punjab, J&K and H.P. and remaining 33 per cent from other parts of India. 10. Around 67 per cent trucks and tempos entering mandi were located with fruits and vegetables and 33 per cent were empty. 11. Out of 1095 mini trucks and tempos entering the mandi, around 81 per cent were from Delhi, 15 per cent from Haryana and Punjab and remaining 4 per cent were from Rajasthan & U.P. 12. Around 38 percent of mini trucks and tempos entering mandi were loaded with fruits and vegetables, and 58 per cent of them were empty. 13. Out of 1537 trucks leaving mandi, 37 per cent of them had their destination in Delhi; about 19 per cent were bound for northern states (Haryana, Punjab, J&K and H.P.) 19 per cent in U.P., 8 per cent in Rajasthan and remaining 17 per cent to other of India. 14. About 75 per cent of the trucks leaving mandi carried fruits and vegetables and 25 per cent of them were empty. 15. The mini trucks and tempos which left mandi were 1087 in number out of which 88 per cent had their destination in Delhi, about 7 per cent were bound towards Haryana and Punjab and remaining 5 per cent to U.P. and Rajasthan. About 91 per cent of mini trucks /tempos leaving mandi were loaded with fruits and vegetables and around 8 per cent of them were empty. 9.3 Principle of designing Azadpur Market Extension. The proposed market extension is being designed based on the following broad principles. Solution of traffic and transportation problems. Integration of all the traffic generating components of the entire complex between Ring Road and Outer Ring Road in such a way that one does not disturb the others. Mechanization of disposal of garbage which is one of the main problems in the existing market. 60

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72 Mechanization of loading and unloading of the goods to the extent feasible to improve the efficiency of the complex. This may be taken in the second phase. Improvement of environments. 9.4 Proposals of expansion Tentative proposals have been formulated based on the conclusions of various studies conducted so far and plans prepared by M/S. Architects Bureau. These have been shown in Map No. 16, which explains the proposals of expansion of Azadpur market. It is clarified that these proposals are only tentative & presently under consideration and discussions. i) Traffic and transportation (a) G.T. Karnal Road whose r/w is 60 mt. should be proposed to be divided into following two parts. Four lanes with a central verge for regional traffic. These lanes should be at a level of +.5 mt. so that local traffic do not mix with the regional traffic. For regional traffic, a grade separator should be proposed in between the Ring Road just near the industrial estates. Below the grade separator, there should be right hand turning of local movements of the traffic going to mandi and all other complexes namely DDA warehousing, DTC depot, industrial estates, railway station, Pipalthala and Bharola villages and transport centre. The speed of regional traffic can be permitted between km/hr. On either side of the lanes for regional traffic, there should be two lanes for local traffic at +0 level. On these lanes, traffic going and coming out from various complexes should move. Speed on these lanes will not be more than 8 10 km/hr. (b) Below the grade separator from where right hand turning traffic will pass from one point to another, traffic light signal system should be provided. It is stated very clearly that in this entire stretch of G.T. Karnal Road in a length of 3.5 km. there should not be any puncture in the central verge, so that regional traffic is not disturbed and speed of km/hr is maintained. (c) From below the grade separator, two roads one of 36 mt. and the second of 18 mt. r/w s should start and lead to railway line. These will be touching the boundary of Rajasthan Co op. Industrial Estate. These roads will have the following four functions. All the trucks and other loaded vehicles whether of fruits or of vegetables entering the market should pass through this road. From the 36/18 mtr. wide road, an independent entry along the boundary of the railway property should lead to the existing railway station and siding. Existing level crossing on the railway line should be shifted in the extension of this 36/18 mtr. wide road and from this one can reach Shalimar Bagh and Hyderpur residential complexes. An entry to three industrial estates should be proposed from this 36/18 mtr. wide road. In doing so, one building of Rajasthan Industrial Estates will have to be demolished and some modifications have to be made. 62

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74 ii) iii) iv) (d) Around two villages namely Peepal Thala and Bharola, a road of 7.5 mtr. in width should be constructed on the three sides of these villages. Between this road and the villages, a thick and high boundary wall should be constructed with no openings, to stop pilferage in the market and to control encroachments. (e) From this 36/18 wide road, another road of the same width should be provided with ample area for parking of trucks, before entering the market. (f) Existing entry road to the market should be proposed as an exit road. This will be shifted by 8 mtr. from the village side to construct 7.5 mtr. wide road for the villagers, and a high compound wall. (g) Entry and Exit to the transport centre should be from the Ring Road and G.T. Karnal Road. Traffic coming and going to the Transport Centre should have no relation with the other traffic. A thick and high compound wall should be constructed at the periphery of the Transport centre to avoid the mixing of the traffic except some part will be for a common facility for both the complexes namely Transport centre and fruit and vegetable market. (h) 4 Petrol Pumps operating at G.T. Karnal road should be shifted. (i) Idle parking lots should be created at proper places. (j) A sub way of adequate width should be proposed from a central point of the two villages to reach the Railway Station without entering the mandi. (k) Another sub way should be proposed to link the two sides of G.T. Karnal Road for pedestrians. Segregation of different functions within the Fruit and Vegetable Market should be done. Fruit market from the vegetable market. Transit trade from the trade concerning local consumption. Retail market from Mashakhors. Light vehicles from heavy vehicles. Parking areas, from roads and other informal small stalls. Common facilities from other uses at different places sp that one has not to walk too much. Cold storages from other activities. Loading and unloading of goods and mechanization of the system. Loading and unloading of goods from vehicles is very important. For this, following three systems can be considered. These will however depend upon further investigations, studies, technology available and actual trading practice. Loading and unloading by continuous conveyor belts Loading/ unloading and movement of goods by overhead gantry crane. Loading and unloading by forklifts. Environmental considerations: (a) The entire market will be full of moving trucks and operations on a vast scale including loading and unloading of goods etc. will be going on throughout the day. All these activities will create noise and air pollution. To control it, suitable 64

75 measure should be taken, so that environment is not polluted too much. For this, following system is proposed. All the parking lots should be fenced by a strong railing with the restricted control of entry and exists. These parking lots should be properly landscaped with drainage system. Important roads should have rows of trees. In the plan given in Map No.16 five big parks have been created at the following points. Existing garden has been used as Central Park along with some necessary facilities. Park which was a part of Transport Centre is proposed to be shared by the two complexes. Three parks with facilities have been provided in new wholesale fruit market. (b) (c) (d) The entire area would be lit by flood lights so that all functions can be operated smoothly. The elevation controls should be provided and each trader has to follow the same. These controls should have the system of writing of names etc. at proper places. For disposal of garbage, two incinerators are proposed at suitable locations. Following facilities should be provided at suitable points. Water huts Toilets and baths Kiosks and shops Restaurants and dhabas Rest House for farmers Dispensary Enquiry office Post office and banks Office building of APMC Security posts at suitable points Parking lots Public baths Gardens and parks Dhalo s Retail market 65

76 CHAPTER 10 WHOLESALE MARKETS IN THE WALLED CITY About three and a half century ago Emperor Shahjahan decided and shifted the capital of the country from Agra to Delhi. He planned and developed the city now called Walled City in a unique way for a population of 60,000 against the present population of 3.5 lakh. Some time in 1850 s Railway lines were laid and the walled city became a regional centre for trade and commerce for the entire North West of the country. As per the latest survey, conducted by the DDA in 1981, there were 6979 wholesale shops, which was per cent of the total number of wholesale shops in entire Delhi and works out to 1122 shops per lakh population in the walled city. Location and number of wholesale shops in different parts of the walled city and in its adjoining areas has been shown in Map No Commercial use of walled city. The area has not only large number of shops for wholesale trade but thousands of structures are used for retail establishments and other commercial use. Number of total commercial establishments is given in the following table. No. of commercial establishments in various decades in the walled city Year No. of commercial establishments , , 30, , 55, (projected) 2, 00,000 Position of employment in commercial sector is also alarming. In the walled city the number of shops and commercial establishments has increased by 2.5 times but employment in this sector has increased by more than 5 times. It means that the density of number of workers in the same commercial areas has increased by more than 2 times, requiring more parking spaces, wider roads and augmentation of infrastructure. Employment figures in various years are given in table on the next page. In the walled city of Delhi, percentage of area in commercial use is about 18 per cent against 3.5 per cent as a normal standard for the entire urban Delhi and many other cities of the country. 66

77 No. of workers in commercial establishments in various years in the walled city of Delhi Year No. of workers in commercial Establishments , ,30, ,50,000 In 1979, the National Council of Applied Economic Research and Delhi Traffic Police, conducted comprehensive surveys of the entire walled city and adjoining areas with regard to 21 main routes and found that foot paths of all the routes have informal commercial use. For example, retail business is in existence from Red Fort to Fountain. Fountain to Fatehpuri Mosque; Dr. H.C. Sen Marg, Pul Mithai to Mori Gate, Church Mission Road; Lothian bridge to Red Fort, Nai Sarak, Fatehpuri Mosque to Farash Khana; Chawri Bazar, Naya Bans, Jorawar Singh Marg, Near Novelty Cinema; and mixing of retail wholesale warehouses and offices on many other routes Conclusions drawn from various Surveys of Commercial use Conducted from time to time by various organizations i) Most of the routes are commercialized. ii) Average speed of vehicular traffic is 5 kms per hour. In some stretches, the speed goes up to 10 kms per hour; while in other it comes down to less than 5 kms. per hour, due to obstructions on foot paths. Encroachment on most of the foot paths by vendors and informal sector. Parking in non parking areas. Physical extensions of shops. Loading and unloading of goods. Storage of building material. iii) Percentage of slow moving traffic to total amount of traffic in most of the cases is more than 50 per cent. iv) A sizeable part of the R/W of the road is taken by the permanent parking of vehicles of shop keepers and of commercial establishments. v) At a few places, road is used as go downs of commercial establishments. This is seen especially in Naya Bazaar complex Outline of proposals for wholesale markets: Wholesale trade, namely grain. kiryana, dry fruits, chemicals and paper should be shifted. Timber trade from the periphery areas should be shifted Shifting of above trades is feasible only if railways go downs, marshalling yards are shifted. 67

78 There is also thinking that meter gauge line should be terminated at Brar Square. If this action is taken, then automatically loading & unloading of goods in the walled city of Delhi will be reduced to a great extent Surveys of grain market at Naya bazaar, Rui mandi and Med Ganj Area. a) Surveys conducted in From time to time, DDA has conducted surveys of different wholesale markets in Delhi. In a survey of Naya Bazar, Rui Mandi and Med Ganj, the following information was collected. Distribution of food grain dealers according to number of bags stored. Distribution of food grain dealers according to area of each at site in sq.mtr. Distribution of food grain dealers according to number of workers, employed. Distribution of food grain dealers according to volume of food grain contents in cubic mtrs. Distribution of food grain dealers according to number of go downs with each. Distribution of number of trucks engaged per day by various traders. Distribution of railway wagons required per day by various traders. Distribution of hand carts used per day by various traders. The data is very important, though somewhat old, but now has been updated. The entire data is useful in shifting the existing market and their rehabilitation at places namely Madanpur Khaddar, Gazipur, Nawada and Kirari Suleman. Results of the surveys as conducted and analyzed by Delhi Development Authority are as under: There were 100 food grain dealers from which 7 were exclusively commission agents. Out of 100 food grain dealers, 68 were located in Naya Bazaar Market, 18 in Rui Mandi (Sadar Bazaar) and 14 were scattered in the areas Med Ganj at Bahadurgarh Road, Lohari Gate, G.B. Road, Khari Baoli, Naya Bans, Fateh Puri and Pul Mithai. All the 100 food grain dealers were bonafide member of registered association and were holding municipal licenses. 68 per cent of the food grain dealers were having a stock below 4000 bags; 25 per cent between 4000 bags 20,000 bags and 7 per cent dealers who were commission agents were not having any stock. The average number of bags per food grain dealer was As per site inspections made by DDA, 71 per cent of the dealers were having a plot below 4000 sq.mtr. ; and 800 sq mtr. and 6 per cent above 800 sq.mtr. Average size of plots with each food grain dealer was 329 sq.mtr. and cubic contents 1485 cubic mtrs. Number of workers employed varied between 11 to 17 per day and the average was

79 59 per cent of the food grain dealers were having one or two go downs each; while 21 per cent between 3 to 5 go downs but 20 per cent were not having any go down at all. At an average there were two go downs per food grain dealers. Average number of trucks, railway wagons and bullock carts engaged by each food grain dealer was 3, 1 and 17 respectively. In this area, there was a lot of transit trade also. 64 per cent transit trade dealers were engaging trucks between 1 to 3 per day; 28 per cent of the transit trade dealers between 4 to 7 trucks per day remaining 8 per cent were not using any truck at all. 39 per cent of the transit trade dealers were using bullock carts. Though the survey is an odd one but it is very useful in formulation of outline proposals for the shifting of food grain units from the walled city of Delhi to outlying areas namely Madanpur Khadar, Gazipur, Nawada or any other location which has to be decided after discussing with the food grain dealers and DDA. b) Surveys conducted in 1985: City Planning Wing of DDA conducted surveys in early 1985 and following are the results: (i) Location: Food grain markets are at Naya Bazaar, Med Ganj, Khari Baoli and Katra Ishwar Bhawan. Kiryana Market in Khari Baoli. Dry fruits in Katra Ishwar Bhawan (Khari Baoli) (ii) Items covered in surveys: All the three trades are located in the vicinity of each other; as such areas of Naya Bazaar, Khari Baoli and Fateh Puri were studied with reference to problems of traffic and transportation, loading and unloading of goods, size of commercial establishments, environmental pollution, mixing of land use and facilities in existence. The survey was conducted with the help of a proforma, by doing from shop to shop surveys and personal interviews. Besides, surveys of individual associations were also conducted and their views were recorded. (iii) Food grain Trade: This trade is located in Naya Bazaar (266 shops), Khari Baoli (11 shops), Katra Ishwar Bhawan (2 shops) and Med Ganj (6 shops); thus making a total number of 286 shops. Areas of shops vary from less than 10 sq.mtr. up to 300 sq.mtr.and distribution of shops with regard to area in sq.mtr. was as under: 69

80 Area in sq.mtr. No. of shops Percentage Less than Total (iv) Kiryana: This trade is located in Khari Baoli, Gododia Market and Katra Tobacco and in Ishwar Bhawan, with 627 shops, details of which are as under: Area in sq.mtr. No. of shops Percentage Less than and above (v) Dry fruits: There are 67 shops which are situated in Ishwar Bhawan and Gadodia Market. Details of the shops along with area in sq.mtr. are given under. Area in sq.mtr. No. of shops Percentage Less than and above

81 (vi) Problems of traffic and transportation were also studies and found that there was a parking of 2485 slow moving vehicles with a break up of 1732 hand carts, 91 bullock carts and 662 cycle rickshaws at a time. These vehicles were for 980 shops in Khari Baoli, Naya Bazaar, Tilak Bazaar, Med Ganj, Ishwar Bhawan, Gadodia Market, Katra Tobacco, Ram Deo Market, Naya Bans and Katra Habas Khan. One unit should have only one go down, may be of a larger size. The party which has two or more than two go downs may be allotted only one plot of go down. Area would be required for parking of 800 trucks, 400 tempos and 100 bullock carts at a time, besides 40 to 60 railway wagon in a day Area required for shifting of grain markets, Kriyana markets and dry fruit markets from the Walled City of Delhi to suitable locations. The proposed markets will have following two distinct components: 1. Shops 2. Warehouses and go downs As per surveys conducted recently, there were 286 units in food grain market, 627 units in Kriyana market and 67 units in dry fruit market. This gives a total of 1080 units. It is proposed to plan, develop and construct 1250 shops of three sizes, as details given under: Size of shop in sq.mtr. No. of shops Total area in sq.mtr Sub total Besides planning of shops, it is also proposed to have a provision of plots of go downs for 50 per cent of the total number of units. On this basis, 600 go downs plots are required. It is proposed to have the following size of plots for go downs along with number of units. Size in sq.mtr. No. of go downs Total proposed area , , , ,000 Sub total 600 2,60,000 Total area under plots for shops and go downs will be , 60,000 = 3, 28,000 or 32.8 hect. Taking 60 per cent for the purpose of circulation and community facilities, total requirement of land for shifting of wholesale markets of grains, kriyana and dry fruits from walled city of Delhi to suitable locations will be 82 hect. These units may be accommodated in different directions of Delhi namely Madanpur Khadar in South Delhi, Gazipur in East Delhi and Nawada in West Delhi. 71

82 CHAPTER 11 POSITION OF OTHER COMMERCIAL MARKETS IN DELHI 11.1 Provisions in the Master Plan of Delhi First Master Plan of Delhi came into force on 1 st September, 1962 with a provision of developing five central business districts, two sub central business districts, 15 district centers, thirteen sub district centers at the higher level. Besides commercial use at the higher level, a provision was also made for the development of Community shopping centers each for a population between 40,000 to 50,000. Local Shopping Centers each for a population between 12,000 to 15,000. Convenient shopping centers each for a population between 3000 to In the last two decades, DDA Planned, developed and constructed three to four district centers, 12 to 15 community centers, 45 to 50 local shopping centers and 150 to 180 convenient shopping centers. Besides these centers, many district centers, community centers, local shopping centers and convenient shopping centers are under the stage of planning and execution. It is a fact that progress of development of all types of commercial centers whether retail or wholesale has not been very satisfactory. The number of shopping units that came up in the last 25 years in organized commercial sector is less than that in the non organized or informal commercial sector. The result being that unpleasant consequences have arisen as detailed below. Emergence of small khokas on main transport routes, major roads, railway lines and other important working places. On the periphery of settlements, namely, unauthorized colonies, urban villages and other colonies, many shops of building materials and of eatables have come up and now the situation is such that we can not control it. The number of shops in informal sector has increased manifolds and now, as per surveys conducted by DDA in 1981 there were 1.4 lakh small commercial shops in the informal sector. Standard of provision of commercial facilities as given in the first master plan has proved to be inadequate. In the first master plan there was a provision of six shops for every 1000 population but now as per surveys, required shops should be 16 for the same number of people. In 45 re settlement colonies about 8000 shopping sites were provided but so far only 60 per cent have been used, but thousands of unauthorized shops have come up in different parts of re settlement colonies Retail fruit and vegetable markets in Delhi Market Planning and Design Center, Govt. of India, Directorate of Marketing & Inspection, Ministry of Rural Development also conducted several 72

83 Surveys of retail markets in the Union territory of Delhi in the late seventies and results are as under: Out of the 91 fruits and vegetable retail markets 72 are located in MCD area which accounts for more than 90 per cent of the population. There are a large number of unauthorized fruit and vegetable retail markets in Delhi, most of them established by encroachment on public land and on main routes. For every two authorized markets, there was one unauthorized market. The largest numbers of unauthorized markets were in Shahdara Zone. Most of the retail markets are owned by the MCD, the NDMC and the Delhi Cantonment Board. However, there are a few owned by others, like the DDA, the Railways and the Super Bazaar. There were also four private markets. The retailers generally deal either in fruits or in vegetables but rarely in both. The survey covered, in all, over 7000 retailers. Vegetable retailers out numbered fruit retailers by more than three and half times. The volume of daily turnover was less in the case of fruit retailers as compared to vegetable retailers. A little over half of the fruit retailers had a daily turnover of half to one and a half quintals. 11 per cent of the vegetable retailers and 4 per cent of the fruit retailers had a daily turnover of 3.5 quintals and above. The daily volume of fruits and vegetable trade passing through the retail markets was 1300 tons with a break up of one fifth being fruits and four fifths vegetables. Only 15 per cent of the retailers operate from permanent stalls. Another 40 per cent operate from temporary stalls. 30 per cent operate as squatters in the open and 6 per cent from push carts. Less than one fifth of the total volume of fruits and vegetables passing through the retail markets flow through permanent shops. 43 per cent pass through temporary shops, 26 per cent through squatters and remaining 7 per cent through mobile carts. A greater proportion of fruits (26 per cent of the total) rather than vegetables (2 per cent of the total) is sold from mobile carts. Average daily consumption of fruit and vegetable in Delhi is estimated around 2500 tons. Out of this, 52 per cent are passing through the recognized retail trade channel and 48 per cent through other channels including hawkers. The size of the premises allotted to the retailers was very small. In 33 of the 88 markets studies, the most common size was 1.8m x 1.2m (6 x 4 ). In another 11 markets the common size was 2.4m x 1.8m (8 x6 ). The result was unauthorized encroachments of public land by the retailers. Tehbazari is the most common system of allotting sites to the retail traders. Under this system open ground space of a specified size is allotted on a monthly rent. A variation of this is to allot rehri stalls to retailers 73

84 on monthly rent basis. The retailers construct temporary structures on the allotted space. Under a third method, permanent stalls are constructed by the Municipal Corporation authorities and allotted on monthly rent for an area of 1.8m x 1.2m (6 x4 ). Rent varies from Rs. 15/ to Rs. 45/ In so far as the different sources of supply to the retail markets are concerned, Azadpur wholesale market plays a dominant role, far exceeding that of other sources. Azadpur was the exclusive source of supply to 45 out of 87 reporting markets. Another significant point was that for 17 markets, the greenbelt around Delhi was an important source of supply. This has to be taken note of while planning for fruit and vegetable retail markets in Delhi. Fifty six of the total markets surveyed, were 11 to 20 kms. away from Azadpur, 19 markets between 21 to 30 kms. away and 4 markets more than 30 km. away. Tempos and small trucks were the common mode of transport in respect of these markets. Cycle rickshaws, horse carts, auto rickshaws and carriage by head loads are observed in retail markets which are nearer to the source of supply. The retail markets are found lacking in many of the basic facilities and amenities like water supply, electricity, watch and ward, protection from the weather and waste disposal arrangements. In the few cases of retail markets constructed by the local authorities, the markets suffered because of faulty location, inadequate planning and designing. A majority of the retailers had permanent links based on easy credit with one or more wholesalers in Azadpur. A smaller proportion of the retailers purchase from mashakhors. Only about one third of the retailers make purchases on cash basis. This gives them the freedom of choosing the trader from whom to buy and enables them to get produce of the desired quality at competitive rates. The retailers also complained about existing malpractices in Azadpur market. Unauthorized deductions like chungi, shortweighment, the practice of topping and the compulsion to use only the transport vehicles belonging to the Union were the more serious ones. Any action to improve the retail trade has to include effective measures to check these malpractices. The fruit and vegetable retail markets of Delhi have not come up as a result of careful planning on the part of the city authorities to develop and operate a network of efficiency run retail centers. These markets show clear signs of suffering from all the handicaps of an unplanned, haphazardly grown retail market system. On top of that, there is no evidence of awareness on the part of the city authorities of the urgent need for developing and maintaining an efficient retail market network for fruit and vegetables. In a city like Delhi with a population of 7.5 millions to be catered to the benefits to the whole community arising out of an efficient distribution system needs no emphasis. It has been estimated that Delhi s urban population is growing at a rate of around 4.5 per cent per annum. It stands to reason that the food distribution system must develop at a similar pace. This is an area of urban growth that cannot be left to chance. What is required now is a detailed and coordinated plan for developing an efficient fruit and vegetable distribution arrangement involving both wholesale and retail markets and marketing systems in Delhi. This could be done only by joint action by all concerned, the Delhi Administration, City planners, Corporation Authorities. 74

85 PART IV PROPOSALS

86 CHAPTER 12 A PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF WHOLESALE MARKETS IN DELHI 2001 A.D Background There is no doubt that problems of shifting of wholesale markets from congested localities of Delhi to new planned markets are a gigantic one. In the last two decades, we have been able to shift only one fruit and vegetable market from the old Subzi Mandi Area to Azadpur and now, shifting of fodder market from Zakhira and fruit and vegetable market from Darya Ganj are in the process. The number of wholesale commercial shops in Delhi has increased by three times in the last two decades with density of workers having doubled, creating increased problems of parking of different types of vehicles, augmentation of services, water, sewer and electricity and creating other problems of environmental pollution in the markets. Regulation of wholesale markets is not easy due to involvement of various socioeconomic and political forces. With proper management the amount of fee collected by way of regulations of markets, cannot only help maintenance of services and facilities in the existing markets but also provide enough resources for establishment of new well planned modern markets. In Delhi the present wholesale trade in agricultural commodities is to the extent of Rs. 5 to 6 billion per year and if all wholesale markets are properly regulated then at the rate of 1 per cent on purchases, market fee can be collected to the extent of Rs. 5 to 6 crore per year. This amount can be increased by about two times within a period of 8 to 10 years. In our proposals of planning and development of various wholesale markets, however, an expenditure of Rs. 8 crore per annum has been projected. This chapter has been written on the assumption that all the required wholesale markets will be properly planned, developed, constructed and regulated within a period of 15 to 20 years i.e. up to the end of the century by spending a total amount of Rs.120 crore with a break up of Rs. 30 crore in the 7 th Five Year Plan, Rs. 40 crore in the 8 th Five Year Plan, Rs. 50 crore in the 9 th Five Year Plan. Balance of the amount of Rs. 47 crore will be carried over the 10 th Five year Plan Population of Delhi The present population of Delhi is about 7.5 million which is expected to increase to 12.8 million by the end of the century and 20 million by 2010 A.D. Due to the increase in urban population, the area of rural Delhi is decreasing. In 1981, only 1/3 rd of the area of Union territory of Delhi was under urbanization which is going to be increased to 42 per cent by the end of the century and about 50 per cent by 2010 A.D. It means that over a period of 25 years we would be left with a rural area of only 740 sq.km. 79

87 the Union territory of Delhi will remain depend on adjoining states for the commodities which we consume. For this, it is necessary to have good linkages of roads and rails with U.P., Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. It has been found that consumption of fruits and 600 grams per day per capita will be adequate. On this basis total consumption of fruits and vegetables by the end of the century will be 7.9 million kg and by 2010 A.D. 12 million kg. No statistics is available regarding quantum of food grains and other agricultural products required for consumption per day per capita by the end of the century and likewise for 2010 A.D Proposals regarding location of wholesale markets (a) Location of different markets has been proposed based on the following criteria Population of Delhi Impact of Delhi Metropolitan Area on Urban Delhi and vice versa. Principles of planning of wholesale markets as detailed out in chapter 7 of the project report. Quantum of agricultural products required for local consumption as well as for transit trade. Proposals have been formulated commodity wise as well as location wise taking into consideration locations of existing markets, area of each proposed market, position of availability of land and physical and fiscal planning. It may however be mentioned that certain minor changes in the proposals may have to be made later in the light of the provisions in the second Master Plan of Delhi, when finalized. (b) Few assumptions i) Cost of acquisition of land has been taken at the rate of Rs. 15 lakh per hect. ii) Cost of development of the market has been taken at the rate of Rs. 15 lakh per hect. iii) Cost of construction of various buildings has been taken Rs per sq. mtr. iv) 50 per cent of the total floor area will be constructed by DAMB including buildings of various community facilities. (c) Priorities of location of markets along with cost of development Priorities of the projects have also been laid down by dividing the entire proposals into three phases namely 7 th, 8 th and 9 th Five Year Plan. 80

88 (a) Fruits and Vegetable markets Name of market Area in hect. Priorities (Five Year Plan) Cost of acquisition and development in Rs. crore 1.Expansion of Azadpur 15 7 th 4.5 market (including kela siding) 2. Madanpur khaddar, 30 7 th 9.0 including kela siding 3. Loni Road 4 7 th Najafgarh town 2 8 th Narela 8 8 th Mehrauli 2 8 th Gazipur 20 8 th Nawada/Kirari Suleman 10 9 th CBD Shahdara 4 9 th Shasti park 4 9 th 1.2 Sub total (b) Grain markets Name of market Area in hect. Priorities (Five Year Plan) Cost of acquisition/ development of land in Rs. crore. Najafgarh Town th & 8 th 3.6 Madanpur Khadar th 6.0 Narela th 3.6 Gazipur th 6.0 Nawada/Kirari Suleman th 6.0 North of Wazirabad road th & 9 th 6.0 Mehrauli th 1.2 Sub total (c) Fodder Markets Mangolpuri th 1.5 Gazipur th 1.2 Najafgarh town th 0.6 Madanpur Khadar th 1.5 Sub total Grand total Cost of acquisition and development of 223 hectare of 30 lakh per hectare comes to Rs crores. Besides 223 hectare, 5.0 hect has been proposed for agro based industries in Narela. 81

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90 (d) Area requirements (Location wise) Name of the Place Name of the Commodity Area in hect. Najafgarh Town Grain 12 Fruit & Vegetable 2 16 Fodder 2 Narela Azadpur Nawada/Kirari Suleman Madanpur Khaddar Gazipur Grain Fruit & Vegetable Agro based Industries Fruit & Vegetable (inc. Kela siding) Grain Fruit & Vegetable Kela siding inc fruit & veg. Grain Fodder Fruit & Veg. Grain Fodder North of Wazirabad road Grain Loni Road Fruit & Veg. 4 4 Shastri Park Fruit & Veg. 4 4 CBD Shahdara Fruit & Veg. 4 4 Mehrauli Grain 4 6 Fruit & Veg. 2 Mangolpuri Fodder 5 5 Total 228 (e) Cost of construction of various structures in wholesale markets A wholesale market will consist of infrastructural facilities namely restaurants, dhabas, rest houses for farmers, dispensaries, enquiry office, post office, banks, security posts at suitable points, public conveniences, water huts, dhalaos, small retail markets, parking lots, parks, playgrounds and open spaces, blocks for traders, auction platforms and other necessary amenities and facilities. Total volume of construction in any wholesale market will be to the extent of 60 FAR. On this basis, total floor area in various markets which are in 223 hect. will be 223 x 60 per cent = lakh sq.mtr. Assuming that 50 per cent of the floor areas will be constructed by DAMB and the balance by individual traders to whom plots will be allotted or auctioned, total cost of 1500 per sq. mtr. will be Rs. 100 crores. 83

91 Total cost of the project Cost of acquisition and development of land including construction of 50 per cent of floor areas will be = Rs. 100/ = Rs crores or say Rs. 167 crores Out of the total provision of Rs. 167 crores, it is proposed to develop and construct markets to the extent that total cost is within Rs. 120 crores. Balance of the amount of Rs. 47 crores will be carried out in the next century or in the 10 th Five Year Plan. October 1985 R.G.GUPTA Director City Planning, DDA Director T & T Planning, DDA Planning Consultant, DAMB 84

92 ANNEXURE I Planning division wise distribution of wholesale shops in Urban Delhi 1981 Delhi Development Authority conducted surveys regarding location of number of wholesale shops in different types of trade in various Planning Divisions and the result are as under: Name of the Planning Division No. of wholesale shops A (Walled city & adjoining areas) 6977 B (Karol Bagh & adjoining areas) 880 C (Civil Lines & adjoining areas) 2698 D (New Delhi area) 55 E (Trans yamuna area) 768 F (South Delhi area) 105 G (West Delhi area) 493 H (North West Delhi area) Location and number of shops planning division wise have been shown in Map No.18 and Map No.18 is with regard to wholesale shops in the entire urban areas of Delhi, while Map No. 19 is only for the Walled city of Delhi and adjoining areas. From the above table and two Maps No. 18 & 19 it is clear that about 58 per cent of the number of shops are located in Planning Division A (Walled city and adjoining areas) followed by 22.4 per cent in Division C (Civil lines and adjoining area). 85

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