EFFECTS OF SEED-PLACED SULFUR FORMS ON WHEAT, CANOLA AND PEA YIELDS IN SASKATCHEWAN SOILS
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1 EFFECTS OF SEED-PLACED SULFUR FORMS ON WHEAT, CANOLA AND PEA YIELDS IN SASKATCHEWAN SOILS Tom King 1, Jeff J. Schoenau 1, Ryan Hangs 1, S. S. Malhi 2 and Ron Urton 1 1 Dept. of Soil Science, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CANADA S7N 5A8 2 Agriculture & Agrifood Canada (AAFC), Melfort, SK, CANADA S0E 1A0 Soils and Crops Meeting, Saskatoon, SK. March 16, 2015
2 Introduction Sulfur fertilizers are important for not only canola, but also sometimes recommended for cereal and pulse crops. Sulfur sources include: soluble forms (Ammonium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate) slightly soluble forms (Calcium Sulfate [Gypsum]) insoluble forms (Elemental Sulfur) liquid forms (Ammonium Thiosulfate) Is there an advantage of using one or more of the S fertilizer forms in conjunction with phosphorus fertilizer in cereal, oilseed and legume crops in different Saskatchewan soils?
3 STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the effects that different forms of sulfur fertilizers, with and without the addition of phosphorus fertilizer, have on wheat, canola and pea yield in: Brown Chernozem, Gray Luvisol and Gray-Black Chernozem soils in Saskatchewan.
4 STUDY LOCATIONS Saskatoon, SK Melfort, SK (Gray-Black Chernozem) Star City, SK (Gray Luvisol) Central Butte, SK (Brown Chernozem) (Henry s Handbook of Soil and Water, 2003)
5 STUDY METHODOLOGY Study set up as a randomized complete block design (RCBD), complete with 4 replicate blocks for each of the 3 crops at 3 sites in Saskatchewan. 3 Crops: Cereal: Hard Red Spring Wheat (Waskada HRSW) Oilseed: Canola (Liberty Link 150) Legume: Yellow Pea (Meadow) Plot Size: 3 metre X 1 metre Plots seeded & seed-row fertilizer placement using a single row seeder. Row Spacing: 25 cm Seedbed utilization (SBU) = ~ 5% Harvest samples: 1.0 metre row length
6 STUDY METHODOLOGY Treatments Urea Urea+Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Sulfate + MAP Ammonium Thiosulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate + MAP Gypsum Gypsum + MAP Potassium Sulfate Potassium Sulfate + MAP Elemental Sulfur Elemental Sulfur + MAP Fertilizer Rates (kg ha -1 ) Sulfur Phosphorus Nitrogen Phosphorus fertilizer added as P 2 O 5 equivalent. Phosphorus fertilizer applied as monoammonium phosphate (MAP: ). Nitrogen fertilizer applied as urea (46-0-0). Sulfur and/or phosphorus fertilizer containing N is taken into account to maintain a 100 kg N ha -1 rate. No N fertilizer (other than the N contained in sulfur and/or phosphorus fertilizer) was added to the pea crop.
7 2014 STUDY RESULTS
8 SOIL TEST EXTRACTABLE P AND S SPRING 2014 P S -----kg ha -1 (0-15 cm) Central Butte (Brown Chernozem) Star City (Gray Luvisol) Melfort (Gray-Black Chernozem) Sulfates present in sub-soil (30-60 cm) at Central Butte (Brown Chernozem) site. Values in red indicate spring 2013 soil extractable P and S
9 2014 Wheat Grain Yield Treatments Central Butte Star City Melfort Brown Chernozem Gray Luvisol Gray-Black Chernozem (kg ha -1 ) Urea Urea+Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Sulfate + MAP Ammonium Thiosulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate + MAP Gypsum Gypsum + MAP Potassium Sulfate Potassium Sulfate + MAP Elemental Sulfur Elemental Sulfur + MAP Pr > F Pr > F Pr > F Crop Treatment < < Crop*Treatment < < Least significant difference at P 0.10
10 2014 Wheat Crop Summary At Brown Chernozem (Central Butte) ammonium sulfate and gypsum produced highest yields. Addition of MAP to S fertilizers slightly boosted wheat yields at Gray-Black Chernozem (Melfort) site. No significant response of wheat grain yield to S fertilizers at Gray Luvisol or Gray-Black Chernozem sites.
11 2014 Canola Grain Yield Treatments Central Butte Star City Melfort Brown Chernozem Gray Luvisol Gray-Black Chernozem (kg ha -1 ) Urea Urea+Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Sulfate + MAP Ammonium Thiosulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate + MAP Gypsum Gypsum + MAP Potassium Sulfate Potassium Sulfate + MAP Elemental Sulfur Elemental Sulfur + MAP Pr > F Pr > F Pr > F Crop Treatment < < Crop*Treatment < < Least significant difference at P 0.10
12 2014 Canola Crop Summary In Brown Chernozem soil, calcium sulfate (gypsum)(± MAP) produced significant canola yield response. At Gray Luvisol site, addition of calcium sulfate + MAP increased canola yields. For Gray-Black Chernozem site, potassium sulfate had highest yield. Gypsum + MAP had similar high yields. Some issues with injury for seedplaced AS, ATS and MAP at Gray and Gray-Black sites.
13 2014 Yellow Pea Grain Yield Treatments Central Butte Star City Melfort Brown Chernozem Gray Luvisol Gray-Black Chernozem (kg ha -1 ) Control (No Urea) Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Sulfate + MAP Ammonium Thiosulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate + MAP Gypsum Gypsum + MAP Potassium Sulfate Potassium Sulfate + MAP Elemental Sulfur Elemental Sulfur + MAP Pr > F Pr > F Pr > F Crop Treatment < < Crop*Treatment < < Least significant difference at P 0.10
14 2014 Pea Crop Summary No significant positive yield responses of pea to S fertilizer. ATS treatment (with MAP) significantly decreased pea grain yield. 20 kg P 2 O 5 /ha plus 20 kg S/ha in seed-row may have caused injury especially with the low SBU (~ %5). At Brown and Gray-Black Chernozem sites, positive yield responses to MAP.
15 General Conclusions Calcium sulfate (gypsum) and potassium sulfate were effective fertilizer S sources in the seed-row for crops evaluated. Suitable alternative to ammonium sulfate. Elemental S produced some positive yield responses, especially in wheat. Of the three crops, canola most consistent in response to added S. Peas showed no positive response. Addition of ATS, especially in combination with MAP placed in seed row in contact with seed impaired canola and especially pea crop germination and growth at all three Saskatchewan sites. Better response to P fertilizer application at Brown Chernozem and Gray Luvisol sites due to lower residual soil available phosphorus.
16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding provided by: Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund Western Grains Research Foundation Sask Canola Development Commission Saskatchewan Pulse Growers The authors greatly appreciate the support and assistance provided by: Darwin Leach & Karen Strukoff (AAFC, Melfort, SK.) Team Schoenau Research Group (Univ. of Sask., Saskatoon, SK.)
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