Barilla Experience Sustainable Diets & Sustainable Durum Wheat Farming Luca Ruini HSE&E Director Parma 6/6/2012

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1 1 Barilla Experience Sustainable Diets & Sustainable Durum Wheat Farming Luca Ruini HSE&E Director Parma 6/6/2012 Agenda - For an Healthy & Green Economy 2 Sustainable Diets & BCFN Double Pyramid Sustainable Grains

2 THE CURRENT PARADOXES ON FOOD AND NUTRITION Source: BCFN elaboration 4 based on OECD/FAO 2011; WHO 2010; GLOBAL FOOTPRINT NETWORK 2012

3 Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition Flagship Double Pyramid Stakeholders Engagement Institutions, Experts, Society Publications The BCFN Double Pyramid Starting from the Nutrition Pyramid The starting point is the Nutrition Pyramid, which is divided into six sections that scale downwards to contain each nutritional food group. 6 Source: Ministry for Health of Italy Source: Oldways (

4 Life Cycle Thinking Approch Measures Footprint Measures Life Cycle Assessment & Footprint KPI 8 Carbon Footprint represents the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted either directly or indirectly by human activity throughout overall life-cycle. It is expressed in equivalent tons of CO 2. PAS 2050:2008 ISO 14064:2006 Water Footprint measures water consumption in terms of Volume employed (evaporated) and/or polluted per unit of time throughout overall life-cycle. Ecological Footprint is a measure of the number of land or maritime ( plots necessary to regenerate the resources consumed and absorb the waste produced by human settlements or a single human activity, employing measures of dominant resource and technology management.

5 Environmental Pyramid: Water Footprint Environmental Pyramid: Carbon Footprint

6 Environmental Pyramid: Ecological Footprint The BCFN Double Pyramid

7 Fight Climate Change adopting Smart Green Diets x3 1/3 The Ecological Footprint of a rich-ofmeat menu is about Co2 eq The Ecological Footprint of a more vegetarian menu is about CO2 eq LCA Chef Tool developed > 900 recipes

8 2 - BARILLA EPD Pasta di Semola 15 1 Introduction 16 LCA OF PASTA The LCA application permits the evaluation of the product footprint. The example related to pasta is shown below.

9 1 Introduction 17 FARMING BARILLA 2010 THEORICAL STUDY Theorical study on durum wheat cultivation in Italy. Evaluation of environmental impacts and of overall efficiency through the use of economic, social and environmental sustainability indicators. FARMING BARILLA STUDY ON A SAMPLE OF FARM Scope To compare real data from farms with optimal values to obtain sustainable productions. Results: 1. Rotations reduce environmental impact compared to monoculture. 2. A reduction in production costs is possible with a better efficiency in the use of inputs. FARMING BARILLA SUSTAINABILITY IN THE FARMS Scope To demonstrate that an accurate planning of crop rotations and the use of a decision support system could help in being more sustainable, both environmentally and economically. 2 Materials and methods 18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS CARBON FOOTPRINT: total amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) generated by the processes included in the system. It is measured in terms of mass of CO 2 equivalent. WATER FOOTPRINT: water consumption of a system including direct consumption, evapotranspiration amount, polluted water. It is measured in volume of water. ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: amount of biologically productive land and water is required to produce all the resources consumed and to absorb the waste generated by a system. It is measured in global hectares (gha).

10 2 Materials and methods 19 THE ECONOMIC, AGRONOMIC AND FOOD SAFETY INDICATORS NET INCOME: an indicator for profitability performance. It is the difference between the gross marketable products and the direct costs of cultivation. Net Income = (Gross marketable production * /t) Direct costs. NUE (Nitrogen Use Efficiency): is measured as kg of grain product (grain yield) per kg of nitrogen available. It is affected by content of nitrogen in the soil, type and rate of fertilizers used, previous crop residues, variety and meteorological conditions. Agronomic NUE (Nitrogen Use Efficiency): is measured as kg of grain product (grain yield) per kg of nitrogen applied. It is affected by the type and rate of fertilizers used and its efficiency during crop cultivation. NUtE (Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency): is measured as kg or product (grain yield) per kg of plant nitrogen uptake. It is affected by previous crop, type and rate of fertilizers, crop residues, variety and meteorological conditions. NUtE reflects the ability of the plant to transplant the N uptake into grain. Carbon sequestration: is the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is a process of removing carbon from atmosphere through photosynthesis and deposing it in the soil as organic matter. Unit of measurement: t of Carbon (total plant biomass)/ha. DON INDEX: expression of the cultivation safety aspects related to the possibility of reducing pathology occurrence due to the deoxynivalenolmycotoxin (DON). 2 Materials and methods FARMING BARILLA PROJECT farms involved Comparison of two different durum wheat crop management was made: 1. Farmer s usual crop management (with only farmer s choices and strategies); 2. Crop management following the Barilla Handbook through the use of the Decision Support System (DSS) granoduro.net TM 20

11 3 Results 21 THE TESTED PREVIOUS CROPS 1/2 The cultivation of durum wheat after several crops was tested. Such previous crops were divided into four groups (cereals, industrial crops, legominous, vegetables). A comparison of the durum wheat cultivated after those crops was made. CEREALS INDUSTRIAL CROPS LEGUMINOUS VEGETABLES MAIZE SUNFLOWER FABA BEAN TOMATO SORGHUM RAPESEED CHICKPEA SOFT WHEAT SUGAR BEET PROTEIC PEA DURUM WHEAT 3 Results 22 CARBON FOOTPRINT (t CO 2 /t durum wheat) and PREVIOUS CROP A favorable previous crop contribute in reducing significantly the GHG emission (- 36%) compared to an unfavorable one. a ab b b Durum wheat after: a,ab, = Student Newman Keuls Test (p=0.05)

12 3 Results 23 PRODUCTION COSTS( /t durum wheat) and PREVIOUS CROP A favorable previous crops contribute in reducing significantly production costs (- 31%) compared to an unfavorable one a ab b b Durum wheat after: a,ab, = Student Newman Keuls Test (p=0.05) 3 Results 24 YIELD (t durum wheat/ha) and PREVIOUS CROP A favorable previous crop contribute in obtaining a significantly higher yeld (+20%) compared to an unfavorable one. Durum wheat after: a,ab, = Student Newman Keuls Test (p=0.05)

13 5 Annexes 25 GRANODURO.NET The decision support system (DSS) granoduro.net was given to the farmers to help them follow the suggestions of the Barilla Handbook for the sustainable cultivation of high quality durum wheat in Italy. granoduro.net is a web service, developed by an University Spin off Horta S.r.l, that integrates information on weather patterns, soil conditions and varietal characteristics in a clear and user-friendly decision support system. A holistic vision of wheat cultivation problems: the DSS takes into account and provides decision supports for all the key elements of the production chain, from strategic choices to tactical operations. Through granoduro.net a farmer can manage all tactical farmer decisions in order to optimize seeding, fertilization, weed control and disease management. The DSS provides also information on: nowcasting and forecast weather conditions and crop growth and development. Durum wheat cultivation Environmental impacts evaluation 29 th May Results 26 CARBON FOOTPRINT (t CO 2 /t durum wheat) and GRANODURO.NET The use of granoduro.net contribute in reducing carbon footprint (-10%)

14 3 Results 27 PRODUCTION COSTS ( /t durum wheat) and GRANODURO.NET granoduro.net contribute to the riduction of production costs specially in case of favorable or neutral previous crop (- 10%) 4 Farming Barilla Conclusions 28 CROP ROTATION A favorable crop rotation contribute to: 1. a reduction in production costs (- 31% = - 57 /ton); 2. a reduction in the consumption of fuels; 3. a reduction in Carbon footprint (- 36% CO 2 = - 0,21 ton CO 2 /ton); 4. an increasing in nitrogen use efficiency; 5. an increasing in yields (+20%). GRANODURO.NET The use of granoduro.net contribute to: 1. a reduction in direct costs of production (- 10% = - 15 /ton); 2. a reduction in Carbon footprint (- 10% CO 2 = - 0,12 ton CO 2 /ton); 3. an increasing in nitrogen use efficiency; 4. maintain high yields.

15 4 Conclusions 29 These studies allow the achievement of: an increased awareness of the impact of the agricultural factors on productivity; greater conviction about the real possibility of reducing the environmental impact and the costs of production; greater knowledge of techniques, tools and strategies to be adopted to obtain a more sustainable production of durum wheat. CROP YEAR The sustainable durum wheat project is going on. The sample involved in the last crop year will be supplemented with new farms situated in initially not considered areas. Campi Aperti (Open fileds) 30

16 Barilla Sustainable Grains Project Durum Wheat in Italy Parma Farmers test Durum 10kt 50kt Ferrara Siena Ancona Macerata Foggia Study results 210kg Co2eq/t confirmed 57 /t 2012 www projects Country Italy Germany Greece France Turkey Sweden Canada Cereal Durum wheat Soft wheat Durum wheat Soft wheat, durum wheat Durum wheat Rye Durum wheat USA Durum wheat Technical Partner Horta LFL Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture University of Thessaly Axereal University of Sanliurfa Lantmannen CWB Sustainability Consortium (tbc) Production, abandonment & sustainability in the Italian territories for cereal cultivation Goals Evaluation of agro industrial strategies to reduce abandonment of marginal areas improving sustainability through Barilla Sustainable Farming Case Study Emilia Romagna (Parma & Bologna) Marche (Macerata & Ancona) Puglia (Foggia & Bari)

17 Example of area of interest for the application of Barilla Sustainable Farming Zona interesse sociale Zona interesse produttivo Source: elaboration from ISTAT: - Agricultural Census; -Population Census; Per info: Luca.ruini@barilla.com e.blasi@unitus.it