Facilitating Access to and Uptake of Appropriate Technologies by Smallholder Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa

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1 Facilitating Access to and Uptake of Appropriate Technologies by Smallholder Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa Global Food Security and Technology Transfer Alhaji Tejan-Cole African Agricultural Technology Foundation

2 How We Do It Schematic Steps! A constraint How to solve Broker Technology, royalty free Testing (researchers & farmers) Regulatory controls Deliver Agribusinesses Smallholders Best practices Sustainable use Identify Adapt Steward Technologies Biological, Chemical, Mechanical, Biotechnological, Information (including Expertise, Knowhow, Best Practice, etc.) Form - Seed, Agricultural Implements, Management Practices ( Soil, Water)

3 Through Partnerships AATF works with regional institutions & structures in Africa synchronizes with regional priorities

4 Pest Management Technologies Cowpeas & Maruca Insect damage in the field and in storagelosses up to 80% Bananas & Bacterial Wilt Annual loss of over US $ 200 million in Uganda Maize and Stem Borers Stem borers reduce maize yields (Kenya up to US$90M) Technology Bt Cowpea with resistance to insect pests Technology Banana varieties with resistance to BXW disease Technology Bt Insect-pest Protected Maize with resistance to stem borers

5 Climate Change & Soil Management Technologies Maize & Drought Increased drought incidences in Africa causing crop failure, hunger, and poverty Technology Water conserving & insect protected conventional & transgenic maize Low Yielding Rice/Rice in Stressful Conditions Low yields, nitrogen deficiency, drought and high salinity in many rice growing areas of Africa contribute to low productivity Technology Transgenic high yielding NEWEST rice varieties

6 Humanitarian Use Licenses Humanitarian Use Licenses (HUL) contain conditions for the provision of access to innovations for people in need on a royalty free basis or lower cost HULs attempt to strike a balance between making R&D products publicly available while at the same time maintaining the incentive function of the IP system

7 WEMA License MON Drought Tolerant Trait ZA2010/06102 MON810 - Insect Resistant Trait MON Insect Resistant Trait ZA2008/10027 Drought Tolerant Germplasm

8 WEMA Partnership World leader for breeding maize for African agroecological zones Donated global germplasm royaltyfree Monsanto World leader in gene discovery Donated: 3 transgenes (2Bt +DT) ~700 global germplasm royalty-free CIMMYT WEMA AATF ARC; KALRO; NARO; COSTECH & IIAM Expertise in field trials Breeding/testing maize Adapted checks/germplasm Capacity building opportunities NARS African institution mandated to access, develop & deliver appropriate agricultural technologies to smallholder African farmers royalty-free

9 Bt Cowpea: License Monsanto -Cry1Ab Bt gene ü Synthetic Plant Genes (US Patent No ) ü Synthetic Plant Genes from Bt Kurstaki and Method for Preparation (US Patent No )

10 Cry2Ab Access US Patent No. 6,489,542 Filed on November 4, 1998 SA Patent Application No. ZA2001/03254 Filed on April 20, 2001

11 Bt Cowpea: Research Sub-licenses Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Australia Institut de l Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)-Burkina Faso Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR)- Nigeria Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI)-Ghana

12 NEWEST Rice: Licenses Arcadia Bio-sciences - USA -U.S Patent No. 6,084,153 and Family (38 NUE Patents) -15 July 2010 U.S Patent No. 6,861,574 and Family (10 ST Patents) -15 July 2010 U.S. Patent Application No. 11,909,262 and Family (12 WUE Patents) -15 July 2010 parc609 Vector parc163 Vector Transformed NERICA Rice Varieties

13 NEWEST Rice: Licenses (Contd.) University of California-AtNHX1 Gene-January 2011 University of California-FMV34S Promoter-January 2011 University of California-Rice Actin Promoter-January 2011 University of California-PIPRA 543 Vector-January 2011 University of California-PIPRA 549 Vector-January 2011 University of California-PHYB Marker-January 2011

14 NEWEST Rice: Licenses (Contd.) Japan Tobacco-PSBI Vector-April 2012 Japan Tobacco-PSBII Vector-April 2012 Japan Tobacco-Pure Intro Protocol (WO94/00977)-April 2012 Japan Tobacco-Pure Intro Protocol (WO95/06722)-April 2012

15 NEWEST Rice: Research Sub-Licenses International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Arcadia Biosciences - USA National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) - Uganda Crops Research Institute (CRI) Ghana National Cereals Research Institute - Nigeria

16 BBW License/Research Sub-Licenses Academia Sinica of Taiwan License - pflp, hrap and new pflp (AP/P/ 2011/006040) Research Sub-licenses: Ø International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ø National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO-Uganda)

17 Mokopane 2006:On-farm Trials (Before WEMA) Mokopane: Farmers Crop WE 3127 (With WEMA), July 2015 Mokopane: Farmers Crop 2006 Yield increased to 1.14 t/ha from 0.6 t/ha (90%)

18 Impact of Bt Maize in Stem-borer Control NON-Bt Maize Bt Maize

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20 Mechanised TechnologyProduction Inefficiencies and Drudgery Cassava Mechanization & Agro-processing Yields up from average of 9 tons per ha to above 25 tons per ha Increased income - US$62 to US$92 per ton Increased production efficiency & reduction in labour drudgery

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22 ACRE Weather Insurance App BJ YI

23 IP Ownership Each party will continue to own all of the property, e.g. background technology, germplasm and IP, that it contributes to the Project and shall be free to use such property outside of the Project Each party will also own (solely or jointly) the IP that it develops in carrying out the WEMA Project Project IP in the other AATF coordinated projects is owned by African Project partners Project IP selected for deployment from the Projects to seed companies will be licensed through AATF

24 WEMA COMMERCIALIZATION LICENSING 2013: Total : Total : Total 13 (seed production constraints/maize Lethal Necrosis Disease/outsourced seed production)

25 ITPGRFA/SMTA Compliant Article 12.4 of the ITPGRFA provides that facilitated access under the ITPGRFA shall be provided pursuant to a Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) which was adopted by the Governing Body of ITPGRFA on 16 June Article 6.7 of the SMTA states that recipients creating commercial products that incorporate plant genetic resources covered by the ITPGRFA must pay a percentage of their sales into a fund used to promote conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources except when such a product is available without restriction to others for further research and breeding.

26 WIPO Access to Specialized Patent Information (ASPI) Access to Research for Development and Innovation (ARDI) Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISC) Patent Landscape Reports WIPO GREEN

27 Capacity Building Need for increased IP capacity building for African agricultural scientists including- Ø Contract Negotiation Ø Patent Searching Ø Patent Drafting

28 THANK YOU