The Status of Modern Biotechnology in Africa and Specifically Tanzania. Emmarold Mneney. Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI)

Transcription

1 The Status of Modern Biotechnology in Africa and Specifically Tanzania Emmarold Mneney Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI) Capacity Building Workshop for Decision Markers, Kunduchi Tanzania 29 Sept 2015

2 Overview of Presentation Introduction Why biotechnology is crucial Status of GM in Africa Status of GM in Tanzania Challenges and concluding remarks

3 Introduction Millennium and Mkukuta goals Kilimo kwanza Science and technology Agricultural policy Biotechnology and other emerging technologies 11/12/2015 3

4 Why GM technology? Adress global challenges

5 Banana disease eg Fusarium and Bacterial Wilt 11/12/2015 5

6 Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease (Batobato)

7 Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD)

8 11/12/2015 Coconut lethal diasese

9 insect pests in Maize Bungua wa Mahindi 11/12/2015

10 Abiotic stress (Drought)

11 Enviromental challenges Municipal waste Abattoir waste Low P/soil acidity 11/12/

12 Human and Animal heath Malaria, Cancer Malnutrition TB AIDS/HIV Diabetes Nagana Rinderpest Foot and mouth disease East Coast Fever 11/12/

13 World population in billions The Global Challenge Increased demand for Food, Feed, Water and Fuel Tanzania population will grow from current 48M to 70M by 2025 and 90M by Arable land and water resources is on the decline Year Climate change will limit water availability; introduce new pests Increased consumption of biofuel

14 The Million-dollar Question Where will we get the food to feed the ever increasing population in Tanzania

15 Challenge cont 65% of Africa s labour workforce is employed by agriculture H/H Ageing farmers Declining number of farmers The youth shunning agriculture for white-collar jobs in cities

16 What is modern biotechnology?

17 3. What is Modern biotechnology Technologies used to isolate genes from an organism, manipulate them in the laboratory and insert them in another organism to produce a product with desired trait eg. Maize Maize Maize Tomatoes Product=genetically modified organism- GMO)

18 Other terms GM technology Genetic Engineering Genetic transformation GMOs 11/12/

19 ADOPTION OF Genetically Modified Crops 1996 to 2014 (19 years) Africa and Tanzania

20 Global Area (Million Hectares) of Biotech Crops, 2014: by Country 87% Americas Increase over % 2% Africa Source: Clive James, % Asia 28 countries which have adopted biotech crops In 2014, global area of biotech crops was million hectares, representing an increase of 3-4% over 2013, equivalent to 5 million hectares. Biotech Mega Countries 50,000 hectares (125,000 acres), or more 1. USA 2. Brazil* 3. Argentina* 4. India* 5. Canada 6. China* 7. Paraguay* 8. Pakistan* 9. South Africa* 10. Uruguay* 11. Bolivia* 12. Philippines* 13. Australia 14. Burkina Faso* 15. Myanmar* 16. Mexico* 17. Spain* 18. Colombia* 19. Sudan* Less than 50,000 hectares Chile* Honduras* Portugal Cuba* * Developing countries Million Hectares Czech Republic Costa Rica* Romania Slovakia Bangladesh

21 Progres in Africa.. 3 COUNTRIES South Africa Burkina Faso Sudan 3 CROPS Maize Cotton Soybean 3.3 MILLIONS HECTARES

22 Progres in Africa Commercial Countries Nothing in ECA

23 Principal GM Crops In Africa Soybean Cotton Maize

24 Farmer testimonies Burkina Faso farmers: Advantages of Bt cotton: 1. Labour is less tedious (2 sprays instead of 8) 2. Better health 3. Increased yield 4. More income: Bought farm equipment, built new houses,new motorbikes and own businesses etc. 5. Enabled to take children to school and take care of families

25 Burkina Faso Farmers Mr. Tasséré Ilboudo, Bazèga province Bt cotton farmer for more than 4 years Mrs Azèta Kinda, Binsboumbou village, Bazèga Province, Bt cotton province for more than 4 years Mr. Coulibaly Tankelé, Dissankuy village, Solenzo province, Bt cotton farmer > 4 years

26 Sudan farmers Increase from 2013: ~46% with 90,000 ha of Bt cotton

27 Progres in Africa Pipeline GM Crops Source: Clive James, 2014 RSA maize, potatoes, sugarcane, Cameroon: cotton Kenya cassava, cotton, maize, sorghum, swetpotato Ghana- cotton, cowpea, rice Egypt cotton, potato, wheat, cucumber, melon Uganda - banana, cotton, cassava, maize, rice Nigeria - cowpea, cassava, sorghum

28 Current status of GM crops in East Africa.. But 11/12/

29 In Confined field trial stage Country Crop Trait Kenya Maize Drought & Bt Cassava CMVD Cotton Bt S/potatoes SPMV Uganda Maize Drought and Bt Cassava CMV Cotton Bt Banana Bacterial, Vit A, sigatoka Malawi Cotton Bt Tanzania????/NA????NA

30 Current status of GM crops in TANZANIA. 11/12/

31 Status of GM application in Tanzania

32 Institutions with capacity to conduct GM research in Tanzania Mikocheni Agric Research Utafiti ndani ya maabara Institute (MARI) (contained research) University of DSM (UDSM)

33 Genetic engineering- Steps Contained research in labs and glass houses Contained facility at MARI

34 Contained research at MARI Modern lab facility at Mikocheni Contained research on cassava mosaic disease and cassava brown streak disease CBSD from /12/

35 Confined field trials Tanzania has no confined field trials WEMA project has applied for permit for drought tolerant maize 11/12/

36 CFT site Makutopora Dodoma Govt in collaboration K, Ug, Moz, na SA are implementing a Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA) Trial site of about (2ha) at Makutupora, Dodoma Not planted But 1 st CFT is expected this year

37 I S A A A Capacity bulding and awareness creation 11/12/

38 Preparing the youth for high tech science/ Agriculture Univ. Dar Es Salaam SUA MARI Nelson Mandela Institute

39 Cassava transformation activities at MARI Lab

40 Seeing is believing tours Trip to Burkina faso of scientists and policy makers Min of Science Jnr. Ministers Of Agriculture

41 Safari ya mafunzo Uganda ya wataalamu na viongozi Waziri wa kilimo Wabunge na

42 Outreach activities Naliendele scientists

43 Outreach activities Students of MATI

44 Outreach activities Teacher training college (TTC)

45 Outreach activities Teacher training college (TTC)

46 Outreach activities Engaging cassava farmers

47 Challenges for Biotech R&D in TZ Inadequate funding for R&D Limited awareness on biotech Lack of critical mass of highly trained scientists, technicians & entrepreneurs Activists!!!!!

48 I S A A A Investment options relevant to Tanzania 11/12/

49 Strategic investment in proven GM tech Drought tolerant maize Bt cotton and maize Banana tolerant to Fusarium wilt Biopharming Focus on applications addressing the effects of climate change Abiotic and biotic stress 11/12/

50 Climate change (i) Drought tolerant maize 11/12/

51 (ii) Bt Cotton I S A A A GM cotton Non Gm cotton Cotton can be grown in the southern regions of Rukwa Morogoro and Mtwara

52 (iii) Bt maize or a combination of Bt and drought tolerance

53 Mapendekezo (iv) Cassava resistant CBSD and CMD

54 Babana resistant to Fusarium and Bacterial Wilt 11/12/

55 I S A A A Conclusion 11/12/

56 I S A A A Can biotechnology make a difference in Tanzania? 11/12/

57 Conclusion Biotechnology has great potential in promoting agricultural and socio-economic development The application of plant biotechnology techniques, in conjunction with conventional plant breeding and good crop management, can play a major role in ensuring food security and adequate nutrition in Africa. 11/12/

58 Conclusion Tanzania's advantage/asset is its valuable biodiversity, which can earn revenue for its people not only through tourism, but also through bioprospecting. Strong leadership, effective priority-setting, and enabling environment for scientists and entrepreneurs are required. 11/12/

59 Recommendation Provide adequate Funding: Increased budget for S&T Increased budget for Agricultural sector Increased budget for Biotechnology 11/12/

60 In Conclusions.. We cannot feed the world of tomorrow with yester-years technologies. No way!!! Strategic investment in proven biotechnologies is the way to go!!!.

61 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Government of Tanzania MAFC COSTECH OFAB Farmers And many other

62 11/12/ Thank you so much for your attention and I look forward to your question!!!