UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

Transcription

1

2 By Dr. C. L. Khanna UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

3 Publishers Publishers UPKAR PRAKASHAN 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA Phone : , , Fax : (0562) care@upkar.in, Website : Branch Offices : 4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi Phone : /66 28, Chowdhury Lane, Shyam Bazar, Near Metro Station, Gate No. 4 Kolkata (W.B.) Phone : , Juni Shukrawari, Sakkardara Road, Opp. Hanuman Mandir, Nagpur Phone : Paras Bhawan (First Floor), Khazanchi Road, Patna Phone : B-33, Blunt Square, Kanpur Taxi Stand Lane, Mawaiya, Lucknow (U.P.) Phone : , Kailash Marg, Ground Floor, Shreeji Avenue, Malharganj, Indore (M.P.) Phone : /B, R.R. Complex (Near Sundaraiah Park, Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate), Bagh Lingampally, Hyderabad Phone : /1, A. K. House, Heeranagar, Haldwani, Distt. Nainital (Uttarakhand) Mob. : The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet if any mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by Photographic, Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without written permission from the Publishers. Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute. ISBN : Code No Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

4 Contents 1. Bihar : At a Glance Bihar : Special and Current Facts Physical and Geographical Location Bihar : A Historical Background Bihar : Drainage Climate of Bihar Vegetation of Bihar Soils of Bihar Agriculture in Bihar Irrigation and Hydel Projects in Bihar Industries in Bihar Mines and Minerals Means of Transport in Bihar Means of Communication in Bihar Education in Bihar Health Dialects and Languages of Bihar Important Festivals, Fairs and Occasion of Bihar Newspapers or Magazines of Bihar Banking in Bihar Population in Bihar Folk Music of Bihar Bihar : Historical and Tourist Spots

5 ( iv ) 24. Administration of Bihar Governors/Chief Ministers of Bihar Important Personalities of Bihar Contribution of Bihar in Freedom Movement Painting, Sculpture and Architecture Wild Life Sanctuaries and National Parks Important Prizes and Awards of Bihar Important Literary Persons of Bihar and their Writings Sports in Bihar Districts of Bihar and their Descriptions Bihar Timeline (Upto 1947) Various Facts : At a Glance Multiple Choice Questions

6 Bihar : General Knowledge

7 1 Bihar : At a Glance State day (Bihar Diwas) 22 March State symbols : State Animal Sparrow State Flower Marigold State Tree Peepal Administration Capital Patna Governor Shri Kesari Nath Tripathi Chief Minister Nitish Kumar Divisions 9 Districts 38 Sub-Divisions 101 CD Blocks 534 Number of Panchayats at each level 1. Zilla Parishads Panchayat Samitis Gram Panchayats 8406 Total 8978 Revenue Villages 45,103 Urban Agglomerations 14 Towns 199 (Statutory 139, Non-Statutory 60) Police Stations 853 (Civil Police Stations 813, Railway Police Stations 40) Police Districts 43 (Civil Police District 39, Railway Police District 4) Geographical Information Latitude " ~ " N Longitude " ~ " E Total Area 94, sq. km Rural Area 92, sq. km Urban Area 1, sq. km Height 173 Feet above Sea-Level Normal Rainfall 1,013 mm Avg. Number of Rainy Days 52 5 Days in a Year. Climate Sub-tropical humid. Temperature Maximum of 43 C in summer to a minimum of around 5 C in the winters. Relative Humidity Up to 100% during summer. Principal Languages Hindi, Bhojpuri & Maithili. Soil of Bihar Clay Soil, Sandy Soil, Loamy Soil. Main Rivers Ganga, Saryu, Gandak, Bagmati, Koshi, Sone, Punpun, Phalgu. Connectivity Bihar is well connected by roads NH 30 & 31 connects Varanasi, Lucknow, New Delhi and Kolkata. National Waterway No. 1 is used for cargo transport between Haldia (West Bengal) and Patna. Air services connect Patna with Kolkata, Ranchi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Delhi, Guwahati, Ahmedabad, Allahabad and Kathmandu (Nepal). State is well connected by railway network with major city of Kolkata, Delhi, Ranchi, Bombay, Varanasi, Jammu, Guwahati etc. Length of Roads (September 2013) National Highway : km, State Highway : km, Major District Roads (MDR) : km, Rural Roads (RR) : km, Total Roads : km. Geographical Boundaries North Nepal, South Jharkhand, East West Bengal, West Uttar Pradesh. Length and Breadth Length North to South 345 km. Breadth East to West 483 km. Physical divisions The North Bihar Plain and South Bihar Plain. State Capital Patna (It was once Capital of the Mighty Magadh Empire.) Patna was known in ancient times as Pataliputra, Pataligrama, Pushp Pur, Kusumpur and Azimabad etc. Symbol of the City Golghar Important River The Ganga Important Bridge The Mahatma Gandhi Setu (The Longest River Road Bridge, across the River Ganga which connects North Bihar (Hazipur) and South Bihar (Patna). Airport Jayaprakash Narayan International Airport, Patna; Gaya International Airport, Gaya. High Court Patna High Court State s Official Languages Hindi / Urdu Divisions 9 (Patna, Magadh, Saran, Tirhut, Darbhanga, Koshi, Purnea, Bhagalpur, and Munger). Districts 38 (Arwal, Patna, Nalanda, Rohtas, Bhabhua, Bhojpur, Buxar, Gaya, Jehanabad, Nawada, Siwan, Gopalganj, Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, Shivahar,

8 4 Bihar G. K. West Champaran, East Champaran, Vaishali,Darbhanga, Madhubani, Samastipur, Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura, Purnia, Araria, Kishanganj, Katihar, Banka, Bhagalpur, Munger, Lakhisarai, Aurangabad, Saran, Shekhpura, Jamui, Khagaria and, Begusarai). Food Habits Rice, Dal, Chapaties, Vegetables, Non-Vegetarian items; Items of Gram Flour; Litti, and Chura-Dahi (Curd) in Mithila. Common Languages Hindi, Urdu & Local Dialects (Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili). Festivals Chhath (Oct.-Nov.), Jeutia, Teej, Godhan, Buddha Purnima, Shrawani Purnima (Kanwar Festival when Pilgrims collect holy water from the Ganga at Sultanganj and offer it to Lord Shiva at Deoghar (Jharkhand), Madhu Shravani of Mithila, Pitripaksha etc. Art and Craft Madhubani Paintings, Appliqué work, Bamboo products, Jute products. Important Fairs Harihar Kshetra (Sonepur) Cattle Fair is one of the biggest Cattle fair in Asia. Shrawani Fair of Sultanganj. Traditional Costumes Male Kurta-Dhoti, Kurta-Pajama, Pant-Shirt; Female Saree, Salwar-Kurta. Districts having the largest area Lakhisarai, Gaya, West Champaran and East Champaran. Industries Sponge Iron, Oil Refinery, Forging, Fertilisers, Jelly Filled Communication Cables, Watch Factory, Fruit Processing, Bulk Drugs. Crops Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Pulses, Sugarcane, Potatoes, Tobacco, Oilseeds, Onion, Chilies, Jute, Mesta.

9 Bihar G. K. 5 Census 2011 Description Actual Population 104,099,452 82,998,509 Male 54,278,157 43,243,795 Female 49,821,295 39,754,714 Population Growth 25 42% 28 43% Percentage of total Population 8 60% 8 07% Sex Ratio Child Sex Ratio Density/km 2 1, Density/mi 2 2,863 2,283 Area km 2 94,163 94,163 Area mi 2 36,357 36,357 Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 19,133,964 16,806,063 Male Population (0-6 Age) 9,887,239 8,652,705 Female Population (0-6 Age) 9,246,725 8,153,358 Literacy % % Male Literacy % % Female Literacy 51 5 % % Total Literate 52,504,553 31,109,577 Male Literate 31,608,023 20,644,376 Female Literate 20,896,530 10,465,201 Important Cities Situated at the Banks of Rivers Ganga Patna, Buxar, Mokama, Munger, Bhagalpur. Saryu Chhapra. Gandak Hazipur, Sonpur, Muzaffarpur Son Dahri-on-son. Phalgu Gaya. Important Rivers of Bihar and their Sources of Origin Ganga from Gangotri Glaciers. Saryu (Ghaghra) from Nampa (Nepal). Gandak Annapurna from Manangmoth and Kulong (Middle Himalayas). Buri-Gandak from Someshwar ranges. Bagmati from Mahabharat range of Himalayas in Nepal. Kamla from Mahabharat range of Himalaya in Nepal. Kosi from Saptkoshi (East Nepal). Son from Amarkantak ranges in M.P. Punpun from plateau area of Madhya Pradesh. Karmnasa from Vidhyanchal ranges. Ajai from Bat Para place, 5 km south from Chakai area in Jamuie district. Birth Place of Important Personalities Dr. Rajendra Prasad Jai Prakash Narain Veer Kunwar Singh Zeradai (Siwan) Sitabadeyara (Chhapra) Jagdishpur (Bhojpur) Vidhyapati Mandan Mishra Sri Krishan Singh Guru Govind Singh Fanishwar Nath Renu Ramdhari Singh Dinkar Shiv Poojan Sahai Vishffi (Darbhanga) Mishi (Saharsa) Munger Patna Oorahi, Hingana (Araria) Simria (Munger) Onnwas (Bhojpur) Important Institutes of Bihar Year of Name of the Institute Place Establishment 1. Bihar Rastrabhasha Parishad Patna Bihar Hindi Sahitya Sammalen Patna Bihar Urdu Academy Patna Kala-Bhawan Purnia Ram Kishan Mission % Vaishali Sangh % Bihar Research Society Patna Mithla Sanskrit Vidyapeeth Darbhanga Prakrat and Jain Shastra Sodh Vaishali 1955 Sansthan 10. Arabic and Persian Research Patna Institute 11. Gaya Museum Gaya Patna Museum Patna Sri Krishna Vigyan Kendra Patna Rajendra Smarak Museum Patna 1963 Climate Bihar experiences main monsoon type of climate. This climate consists of three important seasons. (1) Summer Season This is a season in between March and Mid June. Temperature increases from March to May and maximum temperature remains in the month of May. During the period of mid June, monsoon winds start. During the summer season swift wind loo blows. (2) Rainy Season This season remains in between mid June to mid October. In the month of July and August Bihar gets maximum rainfall. It gets rainfall from Bay of Bengal Monsoon branch. (3) Winter Season This season remains from mid October to February. During this period the minimum temperature of the state remains in between 7 5 C to 10 5 C. Cold westerlies blow during this time. In the month of December and January the cyclonic rain falls from the cyclones originating from Mediterranean sea branch. Soils There are two important soil zones in Bihar. (1) Soils of North of Ganga area (North Bihar Plain) (A) Marshy soil (Soils of Tarai area) Found from the mountainous ranges in the northern part of West Champaran to Kishanganj.

10 6 Bihar G. K. (B) New Alluvial Soil Bhamar area, Purnia, Saharsa, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur. (C) Bal-Sundari Soil In Bal-Sundari area of Saran, Southern part of Purnia, Saharsa, Darbhanga, Southern part of Muzaffarpur, South west part of Champaran. (2) Soils of Southern Part of Ganga (South Bihar Plain) (A) Soils of Tal Coarse grained, heavy soil with grey colour, found in a belt of 8 to 10 km in the southern part of Ganga. (B) Older Alluvial soil (Karrel Kewal Soil) Found in the southern plain from Bhojpur to Gaya, Patna, Munger, Begusarai and Bhagalpur district. This is a heavy older alluvial soil with brown and yellow colour. (C) Bolthar Soil Found at the confluence of foot hills zone and plain area. The soil is red with yellowish in colour. Minerals Wealth Tin Gaya Bauxite Munger Lithium Gaya China-clay Bhagalpur, Munger Mica Gaya Lime stone Kaimur ranges situated at Bhojpur. Asbestos Munger Sulphur Amjor, (Bhojpur), Kassia and Yougmakoh (Kaimur ranges) Dolomite Bhojpur Agriculture Main Crops Rice, Wheat, Maize, Pulses, Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Tobacco, Tea, Jute and Potato. Rice Gaya, Munger, Purnia, Bhagalpur, Patna and Muzaffarpur. Wheat Gaya, Saran, Champaran, Patna, Muzaffarpur, Munger, Saharsa and Bhojpur. Sugarcane Saran, Champaran, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Bhojpur, Saharsa, Purnia and Bhagalpur. Maize Saran, South Champaran, South Darbhanga, South Muzaffarpur, South Saharsa, North Munger, Bhagalpur and Patna. Barely Saran, Champaran, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Munger, Gaya, Saharsa and Bhagalpur Ragi Darbhanga, Saharsa, Muzaffarpur, Saran and Gaya. Jowar Bhojpur, Champaran, Munger. Bajara Patna, Gaya, Munger and Bhojpur. Jute Purnia, Saharsa, East Darbhanga, North Muzaffarpur and East Champaran. Gram Bhojpur, Gaya, Patna, Munger and Bhagalpur. Irrigation and Electricity Means of Irrigation Canals, Wells, Tubewells and Tanks. Important Canals (1) Son Canals Bhojpur, Gaya and Patna districts, (2) Triveni Canal Champaran district, (3) Dhaka and Taiur Canal Champaran districts, (4) Kamla Canal Saran, Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Saharsa and Purnia districts. Other Canals (1) Kosi Dam canal, (2) Eastern Son canal, (3) Gandak canal. Hydro electric power Centres (1) Kosi Hydroelectric Centres, (2) Burmo Dam (Each has one hydro electric power house) Thermal power Centres (1) Barauni Thermal Power Centre, (2) Muzaffarpur Thermal Power Centre. The electric is also supplied to Bihar by West Bengal. Industries Engineering Industry (1) Britania Engineering Mokama, (2) The Hindustan General Electric Corporation Ltd.-Chhota Amber. Sugar Industry 28 Sugar mills, Banman-khee, Meerganj, Samastipur, Siwan, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Saran, East and West Champaran, Majholia, Bihata, Gopalganj, Bhojpur, Gaya, Patna, Betia, Chhapra, Guraru, Maharajganj, Madhora, Hari Nagar, Warsaliganj, Loohat, Shiam, Motipur and Barahanpur. (13 mills are in private sectors and 15 are in public sectors) Cotton Textile Industry Gaya, Phulwari Sharif, Buxar jail, Dumbrao, Mokama, Ormanjhi, Patna, Muzaffarpur, Munger, Bhagalpur, Kishanganj and Madhubani. Silk Industry (1) Tassar-silk Bhagalpur and Gaya. (2) Irri Silk Sakra, Pusa, Maharajganj, Rosra and Gogari. (3) Raw Silk Purnia, Katihar and Manoharpur. Jute Industry Katihar, Samastipur, Darbhanga, Saharsa, Purnia and East-West Champaran. Tobacco Industry Dilwarpur (Munger), Patna, Gaya, Jhanjha, Lakhi Sarai, Jamuie, Biharsharif, Manpur, Aara, Buxar, Munger, Gaya, Manpur and Bhanpur etc. Rice and Pulses Mills More than 2000 rice, flour and pulses mills are in Bihar, Raxual, Adapur, Ghodasahan, Narkatraganj, Bhairanganj, Ram-Nagar, Bairgannia, Bair Gannia, Sitamarhi, Jogwani, Farbisganj, Kishanganj, Thakurganj, Aara, Vikramganj, Sasaram, Buxar, Daudpur, Navi-Nagar, Jahanabad, Bihar Sharif, Lakhisarai, Munger, Gaya, Manpur and Bhanpur are the centres of these mills. Flour Mills Gaya, Patna, Bhojpur, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Munger and Bhagalpur.

11 Bihar G. K. 7 Oil Mills Patna, Gaya, Bhojpur, Rohtas and Munger. Fertilizer Industry Barauni. Refinary Barauni. Glass Industry Patna. Liquor Industry Manpur, Munger, Meerganj, Panch-rukhi, Marodha and Patna. Leather Industry Deegha, Mokama (Bata Co.) and Gaya. Other Industries Plastic, Soap, Petro-chemical, Coal, Chemical industries are the other industries, Bansjora, Munger, Lakhisarai and Katihar. Other Industries Plastic Industry Hazipur and Purnia. Wooden Industry Patna, Bhagalpur, Narkatiaganj, Jogwani, Bair-Gania, Gopalganj, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, Katihar. Paper and Pulp Industry Samastipur, Barauni and Patna. Lac Industry Gaya and Purnia. Cottage Industry Handloom textile industry, Biri and Soap industry, Box manufacturing, Lock manufacturing, Button, small goods of leather, Knife and scissors, knitting of Bucket and mat. Utensils manufacturing, Plastic nylone, Stainless steel etc. Handloom Textile Industry Gaya, Patna, Madhubani, Manpur, Bihar Sharif, Bhagalpur, Daudnagar, Obra, Mau etc. New Industrial Institute of Bihar State Industrial Development Corporation (1) Sponge Iron Industry, Chandi, (2) G.I. Sheets, Jamaui, (3) Nylon Industry, Bhojpur, (4) Transmission Tower, Jasdeeh, (5) Bihar fashners, Gaya. Persons-Awarded Bharat Ratna Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1962 Dr. Zakir Hussain 1963 Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad 1992 J. R. D. Tata 1992 Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narain 1999 Bismillah Khan 2001

12 2 Bihar : Special and Current Facts Bihar Economy : An Overview The GSDP of Bihar at prices in was 1 90 lakh crore, yielding a per capita income of 18,560. The estimated GSDP of current prices in is 4 02 lakh crore, implying a per capita income of 39,341. In , the per capita income of Bihar was 37.0 per cent of all-india average, but in , this ratio has increased to 40.6 per cent. Annual Growth Rate of GSDP S.N. Sector to Current Prices Current Prices Current Prices to Current Prices During the last decade ( to ), the state income at constant prices grew annually at percent. In the immediate past ( to ) the growth rate of GSDP was slightlylower at 9 89 percent. During the last two years, the growth rates have been 9 1 percent ( ) and 9 4 percent ( ). During the period to , the sectors which recorded more than 15 percent growth rate are Registered Manufacturing (19 31 percent), Constant Prices Constant Prices Constant Prices Constant Prices 1. Agriculture/Animal Husbandry Forestry/Logging Fishing Mining/Quarrying Sub-Total (Primary) Manufacturing Registered Un-registered Construction Electricity/Water Supply/Gas Sub-Total (Secondary) Transport/Starage/Communication Railways Other Transport Storage Communication Trade/Hotel/Restaurant Banking/Insurance Real Estate/Ownership of Dwelling Public Administration Other Services Sub-Total (Tertiary) Total GSDP Per Capita GSDP Source : Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GOB

13 Construction (16 58 percent), Banking and Insurance (17 70 percent), and Transport/Storage/ Communication (15 08 percent). For Communication, the growth rate was percent. One can thus conclude the Communication and Registered Manufacturing have emerged as leading contributors to the growth process. It is also heartening to note that the rate of growth of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry sector has been 6 02 percent during to This is of special significance, as nearly 90 percent of state s population live in rural areas and primarily depend on this sector for livelihood. The agriculture and Animal Husbandry sector, which grew at percent in , recorded a growth rate of 8 64 percent in , ( ) 7 33 percent in , and 4 64 percent in This is because of variation in rainfall patterns which that causefluctuation in agricultural production which accounts for about 20 percent of GSDP. According to the latest estimates for per capita GDDP (Gross District Domestic Product) relating to , Patna ( 63,063), Munger ( 22,051) and Begusarai ( 17,587) are the most flourishing districts of Bihar. At the other end, the most backward districts are Madhepura ( 8609), Supaul ( 8492) and Sheohar ( 7092). In November 2015, the CPI for agricultural workers stood at 746 (Bihar) and 853 (India); for rural workers, the figures were 752 (Bihar) and 857 (India); finally for industrial workers, the figures were 282 (Bihar) and 270 (India). Agriculture and Allied Sectors The average annual rainfall in Bihar is 1013 mm. However, there is wide variation across the districts in terms of annual rainfall. During the period 2001 to 2013, the annual rainfall has varied from being 1506 mm. in 2007 (147.8 per cent of normal) to 678 mm. in 2010 (66.9 per cent of normal). In 2013, the rainfall in 18 out of 38 districts exceeded the average rainfall. The net sown area was 57.0 per cent of total geographical area in and it increased marginally to 57.7 per cent in Similarly, cropping intensity has also marginally increased from 1.37 in to 1.44 in The net sown area accounts for a higher share of total geographical area in agriculturally prosperous districts Bhojpur (77.8 per cent), Buxar (82.7 per cent), Siwan (76.2 per cent), Madhepura (72.6 per cent), and Gopalganj (72.6 per cent). Agricultural economy of Bihar is very much tilted in favour of the subsistence sector, since the acreage under foodgrains, even after a decrease in recent years, is more than 90 per cent; the share of cereals is around of 85 per cent. Because of the use of new Bihar G. K. 9 SRI technique and newer agricultural implements, there was enormous rise in rice production. Similarly, the production levels of wheat and maize have also recorded a positive trend. Bihar presently produces rice (82.41 lakh tonnes), wheat (35.70 lakh tonnes), pulses (4.28 lakh tonnes), oilseeds (1.27 lakh tonnes) and sugarcane (128.8 lakh tonnes). The total cereals production is estimated at lakh tonnes, for a population of about 109 million in In , the total vegetable production in Bihar stood at lakh tonnes, whereas in , it was lakh tonnes. Out of the total production, potato accounted for lakh tonnes, onion lakh tonnes, tomato lakh tonnes, cauliflower lakh tonnes, brinjal lakh tonnes and other remaining items 5.86 lakh tonnes. Bihar is known all over India for its litchi and mango. The four most important fruit crops in Bihar are mango, guava, litchi and banana. In , their production levels were mango (12.74 lakh tonnes), guava (3.70 lakh tonnes), litchi (1.98 lakh tonnes) and banana (15.27 lakh tonnes). Flower production in Bihar has increased recently, providing immense opportunity of employment and income in rural areas of Bihar. In , about 99 tonnes of rose, 6799 tonnes of marigold, 317 tonnes of jasmine (Bela) and 536 tonnes of the tuberose were produced in Bihar. Under the Agriculture Road Map, the production of certified seeds of the recently evolved crop varieties has been emphasised. As many as 23 crops were identified and promotion programmes for their seeds have been initiated by the state government. There has also been the revival of hitherto dormant Bihar Rajya Beej Nigam (BRBN), strengthening of Bihar Seeds Certification Agency, and multiplication of foundation and breeder seeds by state farms. Recently, the scheme of 'Mukhyamantri Tibra Beej Vistar Yojana' has helped farmers in the field of paddy cultivation. The Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) for major crops like paddy, wheat and maize has increased substantially in recent years. More specifically, the SRR for self-pollinated crops have reached the scientific level of 33 per cent. In , the total consumption of fertilizers in Bihar was lakh tonnes, which rose to lakh tonnes in , registering an decrease of 11.3 per cent in three years. In , however, it has come down to 5.26 lakh tonnes. This decrease is not really worrisome, as the farmers are now keener to replace chemical fertilizers with the biofertilizers. The focus is on zero tillage machines which is more suitable for small and marginal farmers. Because of easy availability of subsidy, some equipments which were earlier rare in rural areas have now become common. In , 4635 power tillers

14 10 Bihar G. K. were distributed which has gone up to 6445 in Promotion of organic farming has been made a part of the Agricultural Road Map of Bihar to retain the inherent fertility of soil. In , a total of crore has been spent on promoting organic farming. Integrated pest control programme has also been undertaken for controlling insect, pest and diseases from the stage of seed sowing to standing crops. The share of three different sources of agricultural credit in stood at Commercial Banks (61.30 per cent), RRBs (37.65 per cent) and CCB (1.05 per cent). In other words, Commercial Banks are the major supplier of agricultural credit in Bihar. Animal husbandry is a key sector which contributes about one-fifth of the total rural income, and provides large scale employment to women, belonging to the marginalised sections of society. Milk is the most important produce of this sector. The production of milk has increased from lakh tonnes in to lakh tonnes in However, during the same period, the production of eggs increased from crore to 9845 crore. The coverage of artificial insemination stood at 292 lakh animals in The water area of Bihar constitutes about 3.9 per cent of the total geographical area. In , the production of fish in Bihar was 2.67 lakh tonnes. The production grew continuously thereafter and reached the peak level of 4.79 lakh tonnes in In the same year, lakh fish seeds were produced in the state. Enterprises Sector In , the industrial sector in Bihar has grown by 9 10%. Which marginally lower than the growth rate of GSDF at 9 45%. The slower growth the industrial sector in is due to the slower growth of manufacturing sector which is grew at a little over 5%. In , the share of Bihar in agro-based industries in India was 0.76 per cent, which increased to 1.36 in In case of non-agrobased industries, there was also a modest increase in the share of Bihar from 1.32 per cent in to 1.85 per cent in The Gross Value Added (GVA) as a percentage of Gross Value of Output (GVO) registered a decline at all-india level and most states during to ; however, in Bihar, it increased from 4.0 percent in to 10.3 per cent in Despite two-and-a-halftimes increase in the GVA over a six-year period, GVA as a percentage of GVO continues to be the lowest in Bihar. In Bihar, up to , there were in all 1.63 lakh registered MSMEs. However, compared to the registration of 7202 units in , only 3133 units could be registered in , and the total number of units under this sector increased to 1.99 lakh by the end of This implied an increase of only 21.4 per cent over a period of seven years. The total investment of newly registered units, however, recorded a growth rate of 20.3 per cent. Out of 28 old sugar mills in the state, only 9 are working, all in the private sector. There are 2 new sugar mills under Bihar State Sugar Corporation, which were handed out to HPCL in 2011 on lease. During the crushing season of , a total of lakh tonnes of sugarcane was crushed in the working sugar mills. The mills were, on an average, functional for 127 days during the year. With a recovery rate of 8.6 per cent, a total of lakh tonnes of sugar was produced. The quantity of daily milk collection by COMFED has increased constantly. Compared to 4.79 lakh kgs in , it increased nearly three times to lakh kgs in The total daily collection in (up to September 2014) was higher by about 3 per cent compared to the collection in As regards the daily milk procurement per functional dairy cooperative society, it has increased to around 142 kl in (up to september) from 119 kl in Among the milk unions, the average daily milk collection was the highest in Desratna Dr. Rajendra Prasad milk union Barauni (409 kl) and the least in Ranchi/Bokaro/Jamshedpur dairy (14 10 kl) in There are 1089 primary handloom weavers societies in the state, with nearly 34 thousand handlooms operating under them. There are two apex-level marketing organisations, viz., Bihar State Handloom Cooperative Union and Bihar State Wool and Sheep Union, both at Patna. There are 14,000 power looms in the state, concentrated mainly in Bhagalpur, Gaya and Banka districts. There is a training centre at Nathnagar (Bhagalpur), run by the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, where 120 powerloom weavers are trained each year. The Tourism Department of the state government has identified 7 tourism circuits in the state. Both domestic and foreign tourists in Bihar have increased continuously in recent years, except for a marginal fall in Infrastructure and Communications The total road length in Bihar was 2.26 lakh kms, as on September 2014, registering an increase of thousand kms over the last year. The length of National Highway (NH) in the state increased substantially from 3410 (2001) to 4595 kms (2015). The length of state high days has also uncreased from 2283 km (2001) to 4253 km (2015). During 2001 to 2015, Major Distric Roads (MDR) has also increased from 7713 kms to 10,634 kms.

15 Bihar G. K. 11 The National Highways have strategic significance in state's economic development as they connect Bihar with other states. Up to September 2015, the total length of NH in the state was 4595 kms. The share under different categories in NH remained nearly the same in 2013 and 2014, with single lane and intermediate lane roads accounting for about 35 per cent of the total length of NH. The total length of the State Highways (SH) in Bihar up to September 2015 was 4253 kms. Around 64 per cent of SH were double-lane roads, 20 per cent single-lane roads, and 15 per cent intermediatelane roads. Multiple-lane roads with more than 7 meter width constituted only 1 per cent of the SH. The total length of Major District Roads (MDR) in the state as on September 2015 was kms., with a major portion (51 per cent) having a width of 3.05 to 3.50 meters. The state government is making endeavours to upgrade 5175 kms. of MDR to a minimum standard of intermediate lane with 5.50 meters width. Further, the roads which are not being upgraded into intermediate lane are being either renewed or repaired. The total rural road length was 1.62 lakh kms in September 2013 which increased to 2.07 lakh kms in September 2014, registering an increase of around 28 per cent. A substantial portion of the rural roads is still unpaved and they are being gradually upgraded to pucca roads, under different schemes. Up to September 2014, a total of around 45 thousand kms. of rural roads could be upgraded, of which 33 per cent was under Mukhya Mantri Gram Sampark Yojana and remaining 67 per cent under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana. During , a total of 50,596 kms of rural roads were constructed with an expenditure of 26,233 crore. Under the tripartite agreement made in 2005, the construction of road overbridges on 22 railway crossings in the state was taken up on cost-sharing basis. The work on 14 of these road overbridges was undertaken, out of which 10 are completed and remaining 4 are under progress. Besides, 8 road overbridges on Major District Roads and approach road to these roads have been completed and the work for 11 new road overbridges on railway crossings are also under progress. The number of vehicles registered increased to 6.14 lakh in , compared to 2.20 lakh in During the first six months of (April- September), around 2 87 lakh new vehicles have been registered. During the same period, out of all the categories of vehicles, the number of trucks and taxis recorded over three-fold increase, and the increase was even higher at four-fold for autorickshaws. Bihar registered a tremendous growth in the telecom sector during the recent past. In , the total number of telephone connections increased by about 10 per cent to lakh over the previous year, with the private operators increasing their share to around 96 per cent. Out of the total telephone connections under BSNL in the state, mobile constituted 87 per cent, landline 8 per cent and WLL connections around 5 per cent. However, for the private operators, almost 100 per cent of the connections were mobile phones. In Bihar Circle, there were 9064 post offices as on March Around 90 per cent Branch Post Offices, which are all functional in rural areas, are run by the Grameen Dak Sewak (GDS) and the remaining 10 per cent are run by the departmental staff. There are 6 night post offices also. There are 11 urban corporations, 42 municipal boards and 88 urban panchayats under the administrative control of the Department of Urban Development and Housing. The efforts are on to develop them as per the national standard. A slum survey was done in 28 important towns in the state with the help of DFID-SPUR and a sum of crore was approved for the development of basic infrastructure in 1402 selected urban slums. The ultimate irrigation potential in the state is estimated to be around lakh hectares, including major, medium and minor irrigation schemes, utilising both surface and ground water. While major and medium irrigation schemes have an ultimate potential of lakh hectares, the minor irrigation has a potential of lakh hectares. If this potential is exploited fully, it can cover the entire cultivated area in the state. The per capita power consumption in the state is only 203 kwh, much lower than the all-india average of 927 kwh. The acuteness of the power problem in Bihar can be understood better in the context of demand. In and , the deficit was brought down, but it is still as high as 22 per cent and 19 per cent respectively. The installed power capacity in the state was mw in March Social Sectors The Manav Vikas Mission (MVM) for is an innovative plan of the state government to identify crucial gaps, set the priorities and select a few key monitorable indicators that will help in tracking progress in human development. Three demographic features of Bihar which are substantially different from that of other states are decadal growth rate of population, density of population, and level of urbanisation. The decadal growth rate of population for Bihar (25.1 per cent) is much higher than that for India (17.6 per cent), indicating the absence of the demographic transition. With a density of population of 1106 persons per sq. km, the highest among the major states, the population pressure is a major challenge

16 Bihar General Knowledge 30% OFF Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : Author : Dr C L Khanna Type the URL : Get this ebook