The Economics of Land Degradation in Central Asia. Progress Report

Transcription

1 in Central Asia. Progress Report Rakhat Sabyrbekov, American University of Central Asia Norwegian University of Science and Technology Seite 1

2 ELD Vision: To transform global understanding of the economic value of productive land based on both market and non-market values, and to improve stakeholder awareness for socio-economic arguments to improve sustainable land management, prevent the loss of natural capital, preserve ecosystem services, combat climate change, and address food, energy, and water security

3 Goals of the ELD Initiative in Central Asia - Provide an economic valuation of losses from land degradation and their primary ecosystem services triggered by human activity - Examine economic efficiency and present main options for practices/techniques for sustainable land use with consideration given to applicability and feasibility - Improve awareness of decision makers and capacity of local specialists in applying analysis and economic valuation of ecosystems for decision making

4 ELD in Central Asia A Multi-Partner Initiative Global ELD Network RECCA UNDP GIZ World Bank FAO ELD Secretariat ELD CA Regional Report ICARDA ELD Regional Coordinator ICSD National Report ELD KAZ National Report ELD UZB National Report ELD TUK National Report ELD TAJ National Report ELD KRG Kazles Project, Innovative Science Institute, UNDP BioFin GIZ Flermoneca State Agrarian University GIZ Flermoneca ICARDA Regional Office Union of Economists of Turkmenistan, National Desert, Flora 4 and Fauna Institute National Biodiversity Center Institute of Soil GIZ Flermoneca Cadaster Directorate RECCA (national project) GIZ Flermoneca

5 ELD in Central Asia an elevation approach Country Ecosystem Kyrgyzstan High-mountain pasture Tajikistan Kazakhstan Turkmenistan Foothills and low mountains Forests and rain-fed arable farming Lowland pastures Uzbekistan Irrigated agriculture 5

6 ELD pilot areas in Central Asia Identify main causes of, and losses from, land degradation Estimate costs of the degradation of land and ecosystem services Prepare a substantiation for alternatives for sustainable land management Seite 6

7 This work is unique in that it: Applies a comprehensive approach Accounting for all types of vital activities in a certain type of ecosystem Incorporates environmental parameters into the economic valuation Climatic parameters Performs a full economic analysis of specific alternative scenarios Based on market data

8 Preliminary results for Kazakhstan: - The Bakanak Forestry Institution A potential for an increase in the use of ecosystem services of desert forests 59,50 59,00 58,50 58,00 57,50 57,00 Total value of ecosystem services in Bakanas, USD per hectare 56, г 2018г 2019г

9 Preliminary results for Kyrgyzstan: Three pilot areas: Chon Aksuu, Kyzyl-Unkur, Son-Kul Introducing a sustainable pasture use, reducing pressures and recovering pastures $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Total benefits: Baseline and Alternative scenarios $ Current use Total benefits Alternative scenatio Total benefits

10 Example: Pastures of Son-Kul Ecosystems USD Share of ecosystems Communitybased tourism, 2% Livestock farming Potable water Biofuel СО2 sequestration Tourism, 31% Livestock farming, 55% Tourism Community-based tourism Total Carbon sequestration, 12% Potable water, 0% Biofuel, 0%

11 Preliminary results for Tajikistan: Faizabad district A comprehensive approach to irrigated arable farming (notill), improving land use (intensive gardens), and improving pastures (+ protection from natural disasters)» The introduction of alternative scenarios in 10 districts of the country will result in a benefit of more than USD 22,319 million

12 Preliminary results for Turkmenistan: three areas (three types of pastures) Recovery and sustainable use of pastures by: Creating year-round pasture phytocoenoses (improving productivity from USD 40 to USD 70 her hectare) Perennial grasses Annual grasses Pasture rotation Экономическая оценка 1 гектара равнинных пастбищ по продуктивности [usd/га] 80 70, , , , , , , , , , , , , , База t=-10 t=0 t=1 t=2 t=3 t=4 t=5 t=6 t=7 Безальтернативное развитие Альтернативное развитие Investments pay back in 4 years and generate a 27% profitability

13 Preliminary results for Uzbekistan: the Bukа district Introduction of best techniques in crop farming: Leave a coverage in the field Crop rotation Planting trees around the field 2105 NPV, 2024 Income from 2 ha of planted poplar Income from yield increase by 15%, 54 ha The income from cotton cultivation, 56 ha Useful income The benefit to the farmer, % 39,7 Investments into the latter result in a profit increase of up to 40%

14 Planned dates Completion of national and regional reports August 2016 A regional meeting to present results September

15 Challenges: Building a local capacity at the regional and national levels Drafting standards, valuation methodologies and ratios/indicators for Central Asian ecosystems Availability and quality of data

16 Opportunities for next steps Disseminate results gathered Integrate them into decision making Raise awareness and improve information availability at all levels Draft and agree standards, valuation methodologies and ratios/indicators for Central Asian ecosystems Apply this approach in the management of various ecosystems (e.g., water basins)

17 National Focal Points: Kazakshtan: Sabit Baizakov, Kyrgyzstan: Rakhat Sabyrbekov, Tajikistan: Rakhmon Shukurov, Turkmenistan: Murad Nepesov, Uzbekistan: Umidjan Nazarkulov, Thank you!