Improvement in Rice Breeding Technology and System in KOREA (I)

Transcription

1 Improvement in ice Breeding Technology and ystem in KOEA (I) 1970s Development of 'Tongil' cultivar from a three-way remote cross between semi dwarf Indica and Japonica rices Introduction of rapid generation advancement (GA) scheme in conventional rice breeding system Establishment of effective testing & evaluation technologies for resistance to pests and grain quality

2 ajor Achievements With Indica/Japonica Cultivar Overcome Hybrid terility by Three Way Cross High Yield Potential Better Plant Architecture High Photosynthetic Ability esistance to ajor Diseases and Insects

3 Breeding Passage of TONGIL The first success of indica/japonica hybridization in Korea Year Pedigree Treatment 1965 Yukara x TNI Cross 1966 I8 x I 568 Topcross (I 667) 1970 uweon 213 uweon 214 uweon 215 uweon 216 uweon 217 uweon 218 eplicated yield tnals 1972 Tongil elease (Chung and Heu, 1980).

4 Genealogy of TONGIL Year '66-'67(winter) 1967 (ummer) '67-'68(winter) 1968 (ummer) '68-'69(winter) 1969 (ummer) '69-'70(winter) 1970 (ummer) '70-'71(winter) 1971 (ummer) 1972 (ummer) Generation ingle cross 3-way cross F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12

5 BEEDING PAAGE OF TONGIL The first success of indica/japonica hybridization in Year Korea Pedigree Treatment 1965 Yukara x TNI Cross 1966 I8 x I 568 Topcross (I 667) 1970 uweon 213 uweon 214 uweon 215 uweon 216 uweon 217 uweon 218 eplicated yield tnals 1972 Tongil (Chung and Heu, 1980) elease

6 Increasing Yield Potential by Varietal Improvement Landraces Traditional Japonica odern Japonica Tongil type High yield rice Grain yield Indica/Japonica 4.93 (t/ha)) NPT emi-dwarf Japonica 2.98 Japonica/Japonica Years

7 Year Yield Advantage of Indica/Japonica(I/J) Cultivars in KOEA Area Average yield (t/ha) Yield advantage of I/J (%) Contribution of I/J to rice production (%) Total I/J J (illion ha) (%) (%) I/J J , , , , , , , , , ,

8 Fertilizer esponse of the epresentative ice Varieties

9 Biological and Economical Yield and Harvest Index(HI) of ice Varieties Variety obaegbyeo(j)* Boggwangbyeo(J) angpungbyeo(j) Yeongdeog 2(J) Nagdongbyeo(J) eomjinbyeo(j) Taebaegbyeo(IxJ) Gayabyeo( IxJ) amgangbyeo( IxJ) Weonpungbyeo( IxJ) ingwangbyeo( IxJ) ilyang 23( IxJ) Yield (t/ha) Biological Economical * : J stands for japonica and IxJ stands for indica x japonica varieties Planting density : 73 hills/3.3 m2 and kg/10 of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O HI (%) (Park, 1988)

10 Changes of CL, LT and HI of ice Cultivars Under Different Fertilizer Levels Varietal Group Cultivar Japonica Eunbangju Paldall Nagdongbyeo amnambyeo Indica/ japonica Yaer * Low fertilizer * Normal fertilizer Developed CL LT HI CL LT HI cm % % * CL : culm length, LT : light transmission rate and HI : harvest index * Low fertilizer : N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 5-5-3kg/10a Normal fertilizer : N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 5-5-3kg/10a cm % Taebaebyeo %

11 Year eleased 1910 Photosynthetic Ability of ice Varieties Developed During in KOEA Variety Jodongji Photosynthetic ability(mg.co 2 /dm 2 /hr) N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (kg/ha) (kg/ha) 17.2( 78) 20.0( 84) 1944 Paldal 18.5( 84) 23.5( 99) 1962 Jinheung 22.1(100) 23.8(100) 1972 Tongil 25.3(114) 26.8(113) 1977 Geumgangbyeo 28.3(128) 32.6(137)

12 LAI, LI, LT and PO of TONGIL-Type ice Cutivars ('83-'84 : NCE) Variety eleased LAI LA LT PO Year ( cm2. g-1) (%) (CO 2, mg,dm -2, hr -1 ) Geumgangbyeo Taebaegbyeo Nagdongbyeo (J) * LAI : Leaf area index, LA : specific leaf area, LT : light transmission rate and PO : photosynthetic activity * LAI, LA and LT were measured at heading time and PO was measured at ten days after heading

13 Changes in Yield Potential and Culm Length of KOEAN ice Cultivars ince 1910 epresentative variety Group & remarks Cultivated year illed rice (t/ha) Culm length (cm) Jodongji Damageum Jungsaeng - Eunbangju Paldal Jinheung Nagdongbyeo Dongjinbyeo Hwaseongbyeo Ilpumbyeo Juanbyeo Ansanbyeo Junambyeo Ja., Land race Ja., Introduced Ja., Inbred 1910s 1920s 1930s Tongil ilyang 23 amgangbyeo Jungweonbyeo Yongmoonbyeo Dasanbyeo Arumbyeo Hanarumbyeo In.xJa., Hybridization

14 imple Correlation Between Yield Potential and Culm Length of Korean ice Cultivars Culm length (cm) illed rice (t/ha) r =

15 ajor Weakness With Indica/Japonica Cultivars Unfavorable Grain hape and Eating Quality Cold usceptibility Grain hattering at Harvest Occurrence of New trains in Disease and Insect

16 ice Production and Yield Damage of Cold Weather in KOEA 1 7 Production(il.ton) Cultivation area(il.ha) ice Production Yield/ha(ton) Area Year

17 ajor Achievements with Japonica ice - Changes after Tongil type varieties Improvement - Plant Architecture emi-dwarf, erect leaves hort/medium growth duration : days Improved yield potential Large panicle, high HI( ) Grain yield : t/ha Enhanced yield stability Tolerance to cold and lodging esistance to major rice disease High and diversified grain quality

18 Improvement in ice Breeding Technology and ystem in KOEA(II) 1980s Practical settlement of anther culture technique in japonica rice breeding Development of Tongil-type hybrid rices using cytoplasmic- genic male sterility (CG) Improvement of cold & salinity tolerance testing system Development and operation of recurrent population improvement breeding scheme using genetic male sterility (G)

19 Working Procedure by Anther Culture Genetic resources Hybridization block Donor plant materiats (Var., F1, F2, etc) Anther culture In vitro pollen plantlets eed increase Yield trials egional test ingle row nursery (AC2 & ubsequent) generations Evaluation of characters Hyphonic culture AIC population New variety

20 eduction of breeding period by rapid generation advancement and anther culture technique Breeding system Generation advancement (years) Conventional pedigree method Hybridization (H) Pedigree nursery (P) Yield trial (YT) Local adaptability test (LAT) Pilot farming test (PFT) apid generation advancement H P YT LAT PFT Anther culture technique HAC* YT LAT PFT * Hybridization & anther culture

21 COPEION OF TIE EQUIED TO OBTAIN ADVANCED LINE AONG THEE ETHOD : pedigree, rapid generation advance (GA) and anther culture in rice breeding Year eason Pedigree method GA Anther culture Winter ummer Winter ummer Winter ummer Winter ummer Winter ummer Winter ummer Winter ummer Winter ummer Cross Cross Cross F1 F1 F1 Anther culture F2 F2 Doubled haploid F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 Yield evaluation F3~F6 Greenhouse F7 Yield Yield evaluation epeated Yield Trial : 2 years Local Adaptability Test :3 years eed ultiplication : 3 years

22 Year of release ice Cultivars Development by Anther Culture in KOEA Cultivar Designation Cross combination Yield (kg/10a) 1985 Hwaseongbyeo uweon 330 Aichi37/amnambyeo Hwacheongbyeo Iksan / Hwajinbyeo uweon /I Hwayeongbyeo ilyang 101 Jukei830/YT4811ACP Hwaseonchalbyeo uweon /I Joryeongbyeo ilyang 107 Koshihikari/eonambyeo/ Hwajungbyeo uweon 387 asanishiki/cheonmabyeo 496 Hwanambyeo ilyang /Tamjinbyeo Yangjobyeo Iksan 402 H7874-AC77/H8140-AC Hwasinbyeo Iksan 407 I.390/ Hwasambyeo ilyang /I Hwadongbyeo uweon 409 Daekwanbyeo/ Hwamyeongbyeo uweon /14779-HB Aranghyangchalbyeo ilyang 146 inseonchalbyeo/tohoku Heugjinjubyeo uweon 415 Yongjeong4/ekeum Hwabongbyeo ilyang /I.390//.101/I Hwaanbyeo uweon /

23 Improving Anther Culture ethod in ice Collection of proper samples: uninucleate stage Cold pre-treatment of anthers: 12, 8days Inducing high-regeneration callus by hormone adj. High agar medium for increasing plant formation Large scale anther plating by vacuum-anther-plating

24 Vacuum-Anther-Pasting Devices Developed in 1990 Developed in 1995(improved)

25

26 Pedigree Diagram of HWAEONGBYEO 81/'82 82/'83 Year winter winter Generation Cross F1 Anther culture Test-tube plantlets H1 H2 H3 Aichi 37 x amnambyeo uweon Hwaseong HB137 : HB137-1A 330 byeo : 9 Anther culture Nine ingle row YT YT (502 Anthers plants nursery for LAT LAT in 32 tubes) regene- seed increase ration

27 Country India Philippines Vietnam Bangladesh Indonesia yanmar ri Lanka Thailand UA Total Hybrid ice Cultivation Area of Asian Country And UA ,008 Area (000 ha) ,050 (Projected) , , ,100 ice production increase by 1 ton per ha of hybrid cultivation China : 154,000,000ha, 55% of rice cultivation area

28 Yield of best experimental hybrids with those of the check varieties in replicated yield trials in Korea, Hybrid V20A/uweon 294 V20A/ilyang 46 V20A/ilyang 46 V20A/ilyang 46 H1619A/Iri 362 H54756A/uweon 333 I54756A/Iri 362 I54756A/uweon 318 V20A/ilyang 46 ilyang 55A/Iri 362 Overall mean Year Yield (t/ha) % of check Location uweon ilyang Iri Iri uweon Iri uweon uweon uweon ilyang -

29 Hybrid ice (I) Future s Work Plan In KOEA Breeding new C lines with diverse cytoplasm and/or nuclear genetic backgrounds Developing the various C factor(s) and restoring-ability gene(s) to new high-yielding Korean Tongil-type variety WA, BT, DA, G, ID type etc esearch on Indica / japonica hybrid To test performance with Newly bred Tongil-type line that has wide compatibility gene(s) aintainers and restorers will be initiated among elite lines with new plant type and a tropical japonica background

30 Hybrid ice (II) Future s Work Plan In KOEA Practical yield test at field in Korea II & China-bred TG lines will be evaluated in YAI field. tability, Performance The TG gene (s) will be transferred to local materials To test heterotic rice hybrids in national programs tudy on theory of heterosis To make Cromosomal egment ubstitution Lines (CL) Identified phenotypic based single marker line To pyramid each identified line How to increase the F1 hybrid seed production in Korea?

31 K Grain weight Long palicle Number of tiller Heading date Line Ch A Ch2 135B Ch Ch 12 O O O

32 Development of new Japonica transgenic line Developing the vector and transgenic plant Genetic engineering control in Tabacoo

33 ingle seed decent used Green House

34 Improvement in ice Breeding Technology and ystem in KOEA(III) 1990s Improvement of disease resistance and stress tolerance testing system Establishment of embryo rescue technique for interspecific hybridization between wild rice species and cultivars Development of basic technique for molecular breeding Driving of effective rice breeding system for direct seeding utation breeding for high grain quality and diversification of food-processing utility

35 Improvement of resistance to major disease and insect pests in Korean rice cultivars Ecotype Japonica Cultivar Jinheung Nagdongbyeo eomjinbyeo Palgongbyeo Hwacheongbyeo Hwayeongbyeo Bred Year Blast Leaf Neck Bacterial blight K1 K2 K3 Virus V DV DV Brown Planthopper Tongiltype Tongil ilyang 23 ilyang 30 Taebaegbyeo amgangbyeo Namyeongbyeo Andabyeo

36 Chronological Changes of Agronomic Characters for Japonica Korean Cultivars Years Variety Jodongji Damageum Jungsaengunbangju Paldal Jinheung Nagdongbyeo Dongjinbyeo Hwaseongbyeo Ilpumbyeo Ansanbyeo Junambyeo Gopumbyeo Blast Bacterial blight Cold Lodging tripe virus Culm length (cm)

37 Improvement of tolerance to various stresses in developed Korean rice cultivars Ecotype Japonica Cultivar Jinheung Nagdongbyeo amnambyeo Odaebyeo Anjungbyeo Bred Year GALT Cold tolerance Head -ing Delay eed- Ling stage pikelet terility Adaptability In late planting AH I I I E I GYLP H H L LT T G Ha Tongiltype Tongil ilyang 23 Pungsanbyeo amgangbyeo GALT : germination ability at low temperature, : resistance, : moderately resistant, : intermediate, AH : abnormal-heading responsiveness, I : insensitive, E : sensitive, GYLP : grain yield in late planting, H : high, : medium, L : low, LT : lodging tolerance, : moderately susceptible, T : salinity tolerance, : susceptibility, G : grain shattering, Ha : hard, E : easy, E : medium easy I I I I L L E E

38 esistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, culm length and yield potential of leading japonica rice cultivars in Korea aturity Variety Years developed Blast Bacterial blight tripe virus Cold Lodging Culm length (cm) Yield (kg/ha) Early edium ediumlate Odaebyeo ambaegbyeo amcheonbyeo Joanbyeo Hwaseongbyeo eoanbyeo Gwanganbyeo angokbyeo Chucheongbyeo Ilpumbyeo Donganbyeo Junambyeo amkwangbyeo ' ' '

39 esistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, culm length and yield potential of leading rice cultivars grown in Korea aturity very early Variety Blast Year developed Bacterial blight tripe virus Cold Lodging Late planting Culm length Yield (kg/10a) Odaebyeo Jinbubyeo angjubyeo Jinmibyeo Joryeongbyeo Early angsanbyeo Daejinbyeo Hwadongbyeo : esistance : edium : usceptible

40 aturity edium edium late esistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, culm length and yield potential of leading rice cultivars grown in Korea Variety Blast Year developed Bacterial blight tripe virus Cold Lodging Late planting Culm length Yield (kg/10a) Hwaseongbyeo Hwajinbyeo Anjungbyeo Hwayeongbyeo Jooanbyeo Yeonghaebyeo Hwabongbyeo Dongjinbyeo Gyehwabyeo Ilpumbyeo Hwanambyeo Daeanbyeo Ilmibyeo Hwasambyeo Namgangbyeo Chucheongbyeo : esistance : edium : usceptible

41 ace-specific reactions to ten races of Pyricularia grisea of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Chucheongbyeo and uwon345. NILs Chucheongbyeo NILs Chucheongbyeo utilines name uwon433-1 uwon433-1 uwon433-1 uwon433-2 uwon433-2 uwon433-2 ecurrent parent KJ 101 KJ 203 KJ 301 KI 313 eaction a to KI 105 KI 315a KI 409 KI 1113 KI 1117 KI 307 uwon345 NILs uwon345 a = resistant, =susceptible uwon443-1 uwon443-1 uwon443-1 uwon443-2 uwon443-2 uwon443-2 ecurrent parent