Climatic changes and water scarcity in Iraq. Dr.Abdul Jabbar Khalaf Dr. Hussein Ilaibi Zamil

Transcription

1 Climatic changes and water scarcity in Iraq Dr.Abdul Jabbar Khalaf Dr. Hussein Ilaibi Zamil

2 Main Kinds of climatic changes in Iraq Increase in Temperature Decrease in precipitation(droughts) Increase in Wind and sand storm

3 Sectoral vulnerabilities Water Agriculture and food security Health Terrestrial Ecosystems

4 Direct Consequences and impacts of climatic change in Iraq Reduce water levels o surface water o ground water Degradation of water quality Crop production Increase in removal of N. vegetation livestock and wildlife mortality rates Increase of some diseases Desertification- increase in Soil degradation Increase in dust storms

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6 Indirect impacts of climatic change in Iraq include reduced income for farmers, increased food prices unemployment migration disaster relief programs.

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9 Water scarcity in Iraq Reasons of Water scarcity in Iraq : Drought Other climatic changes i.e increase of Temp. Water shortage due to - policy of up stream countries - unsustainable use of water

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11 Highest Temp.in selectede locations and Rainfall in IRAQ

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13 Highest temperature recorded in selected countries

14 The Western Desert western desert of Iraq Minimum recorded temperature 1-2 ºC during December and January to maximum 51.4 ºC during July and August.

15 Main Surface Water Resources in Iraq

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17 Tigres River Average Yearly Inflows (Up Stream) Mosul

18 Tigres at Mosul Yearly Inflow Inflow in Milliards m3

19 Inflow Mds Yearly River Inflow Us Mosul Dam Lesser Zab Diyala Year

20 Euphrates River Yearly Inflows At Hussaiba(milliards m 3 )

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22 Problems caused by climatic changes ( drought, increase of Temp, water shortages in Iraq scarcity of water resources as a result of the lack of precipitation in Iraq or in the river basin in the upstream countries. Deterioration of water quality: partly due to high temperatures and increase of evaporation, and also due to the low level of water in e main rivers because of the water scarcity, Increase the temperature led to increase of evaporation and thus salinity desertification in the alluvial plain. Increase the dryness soil surface in the non irrigated areas led to removing vegetation, increase the presence of wind erosion,and thus led to dust storms formation in the area with disturbed soil surfaces in the presence of wind storms. deterioration of water quantity and quality for other different use sectors: agricultural, industrial, electrical, civil, water purification plants. Receding waters and drought increase to a large extent the areas of marshland.

23 The role of MoWR in Adaptation practices to adverse climatic changes MoWR (and may be for the other Iraqi organizations) deals recently with the climatic changes and drought topics. Therefore,till now there is no deal with such modeling of climatic changes. Firstly, works which implemented for land and water resources Studying and managing the land and water resources to find the suitable solutions to keep a way these resources from deterioration resulted from Human climatic of these resources by the human influence and climatic changes which lead to different types of desertification. These include ; Studying Land Resources inventories for Soils and other land resources Studying water quality of main rivers Researches and Studies especially in fields of management of field irrigation studies and researches have its station referred to the National Center of Water Resources Management.

24 Secondly : Cooperation works between the Ministry of Water Resources and other related Ministries and other regional UN agencies which concern : Climatic changes; In cooperation mainly with UNEP, UNDP, and related Iraqi ministries MOE,MoA, M.Oil,Electricity,Transportation drought : MoWR participate in Drought Risk Management project(drm) in cooperation of UNDP,UNEP,UNESCO, and related Iraqi ministries. The most important measures taken directly by MoWR which can fall within the topic of management of drought and shortage of water resources: In the management of surface water: Work on completing the second phase of the national strategy for water, land and benefit from as well to adapt to climatic changes and preparedness for drought.

25 Immediate operational plans for dams, reservoirs and water allocations for all consumers to meet the shortage in imports of water entering Iraq. - Planning for the use of saline water and wastewater for irrigation for the purpose of maximizing the resources of fresh water from the hand and address the environmental development of these two sources in collaboration with relevant ministries. - Techniques in meteorology basins of the Tigris and Euphrates in and out of Iraq and on an on going basis to follow up on now casting and follow-up periods of drought rainfall. - Follow up the issues of changes in water resources in the neighboring countries and follow up the ongoing discussions with them to the organization of Iraq's imports of surface water. Installation of many hydrological stations along the main rivers. Some these activities may be considered as an drought risk management, the others are crises management.

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27 Wind erosion and formation of Sand dunes

28 Strongly Saline soils in Iraq

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