The Disaster Management Governance Framework of Bangladesh A model of good practice? Overview
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1 IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, UNESCO Policy & Science 25/09/2014 The Disaster Management Governance Framework of Bangladesh A model of good practice? 25 th September 2014 Michelle Lim & Andrew Allan Overview Natural Disasters in Bangladesh Governance challenges Disaster Management Framework Ways forward Transferable lessons IHP-HELP Centre for Water Dundee Law, Policy Centre and for Water Science Law, under Policy the and auspices Science of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 2 1
2 Bhola Cyclone(1970) Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Category 3 500,000 deaths Deadliest tropical cyclone on record IHP-HELP Centre for Water Dundee Law, Policy Centre and for Water Science Law, under Policy the and auspices Science of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 3 Recent history of cyclones 2
3 1991 Cyclone Super Cyclonic Storm Category 5 140,000 deaths 10 million homeless IHP-HELP Centre for Water Dundee Law, Policy Centre and for Water Science Law, under Policy the and auspices Science of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 5 Cyclone Sidr (2007) Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Category ,000 deaths Est. $1.7billion (2007 USD) IHP-HELP Centre for Water Dundee Law, Policy Centre and for Water Science Law, under Policy the and auspices Science of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 6 3
4 Cyclone Aila (2009) Severe cyclonic storm Category deaths, 8208 missing 1 million homeless $552.6 million (2009 USD) IHP-HELP Centre for Water Dundee Law, Policy Centre and for Water Science Law, under Policy the and auspices Science of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 7 Cyclone Mahasen/Viyaru (2013) Cyclonic storm 17 deaths Evacuation of 1 million people IHP-HELP Centre for Water Dundee Law, Policy Centre and for Water Science Law, under Policy the and auspices Science of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 8 4
5 IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, UNESCO Policy & Science 25/09/2014 Projected increase in frequency and intensity Nicholls Consortia Presentation ESPA Consortia Workshop Sept
6 HUMAN PROCESSES Nicholls Consortia Presentation ESPA Consortia Workshop Sept River Floods/ Sediment Supply 2012 Changing Land Use/Catchment Management Climate Variability Sedimentation, Tectonics, Subsidence, Growing Population and Economy Global Climate Change NATURAL PROCESSES Lecture 4. Climate change and the integrated coastal system. Wednesday 25 July 2007 Cyclones/ Marine Processes Governance Challenges 6
7 Governance Challenges Excessive executive power Polarized political context Limitations of law and policy Institutional short-comings Upstream barriers Donor-driven agendas Local barriers IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 13 The Disaster Management Framework 7
8 Disaster Management Framework Shift to risk reduction, preparedness, mitigation Supporting institutions and infrastructure Warning systems Coordination from National to Local Local awareness Resilience initiatives IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 15 Disaster Management Framework Standing Orders (2010) Disaster Management Plan ( ) Disaster Management Act (2012) Disaster Management Regulations (forthcoming) Ministry for Food and Disaster Management and Relief -> Ministry for Food and Ministry for Disaster Management IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 16 8
9 Disaster Management Timeline Cyclone (138,000 deaths, 10 million homeless) 1997 Work started on DM Act 2007 Cyclone Sidr (3447 killed, missing) 2008 Draft Act 2009 Awami League back in power 2009 Cyclone Aila (330 killed, missing, 1 million homeless, post-disaster disease) 2010 Standing Orders 2012 Act in force, institutional restructure IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 17 Standing Orders on Disaster (2010) 248 pages Establishes Disaster Management Committee at every level 15 National and 11 Local Coordination Committees Defines scope for cooperation across government sectors and with NGOs, the private sector, aid agencies and communities Clear rules and responsibilities for various risks and hazards IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 18 9
10 National Plan for Disaster Management ( ) Prepared by the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Umbrella plan: overall guidelines for relevant sectors and disaster management committees at all levels IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 19 Disaster Management Act (2012) National Disaster Management Council (Art 4) Department of Disaster Management (Art 7) National (Art 17) and Local (Art 18)Committees National and Local Disaster Management Plans (Art 20) Declaration of Disaster Zone (Art 22) National and District Disaster Management Funds (Art 32) IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 20 10
11 Ways Forward Ways Forward Does not overcome systemic governance problems Limited culture of partnership Haque & Uddin (2013) Oversight M &E Climate Change Strategy & Action Plan Explore feasibility of zoning IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 22 11
12 Transferable Lessons Industrial Disasters Bangladesh Urban Disaster Management Other areas where integrated approaches needed e.g. ES & PA IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 24 12
13 Rest of the world Challenges ideas about importance of legal frameworks Context and comparative studies International framework & international community IHP-HELP Centre for Dundee Water Law, Centre Policy for and Water Science Law, Policy under and the Science auspices of under UNESCO the auspices of Slide UNESCO 25 Dank U Wel 13
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