World Development Report 2008 Agriculture for Development Outline of presentation I. WDR storyline
|
|
- Caitlin Paul
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 World Development Report 28 Agriculture for Development Current trends in the global rural economy; implications for rural finance Outline of presentation I. WDR storyline 1. Agriculture has unique features for development 2. Cross-country/regional heterogeneity: three worlds of agriculture 3. Agriculture has a proven record of success for growth and poverty reduction 4. Yet, it has too often been under- and mis-used for development 5. Significant improvements are possible 6. Agendas for action differ by country categories 7. Implementation requires good governance and social engagement 8. Main messages II. Financial services for smallholder competitiveness 1. Financial constraints remain pervasive 2. The microfinance revolution is still incomplete for agriculture 3. Other approaches show promise 4. But large gaps remain that need to be addressed 1/29
2 WDR 28 Document still in progress, due June 15, 27 Yellow Cover publicly available March 26: comments welcome Extensive collaborations with participants to this conference: FAO IFAD Ford Foundation USAID-Basis CGIAR-Science Council DIFID CIRAD Individuals 2/29
3 WDR storyline 1. Agriculture has unique features for development 1.1. Agriculture is multifunctional Economic activity: growth, business Way of life: poverty, vulnerability User/misuser of natural resources, environmental services Powerful instrument for development, but complex to use and tradeoffs The scope of agriculture for development is huge Share of agriculture in GDP: can be 4-5% in poor countries 1 Share of Labor in Agriculture and Shre of Agriculture in GDP Share of Labo in agriculture/share of Agriculture in GDP NPL BFA BDI RWA Share of Agriculture in GDP Share of Labor in Agriculture.9 NER MWI GIN ETH MOZ MLI UGA TZA.8 TCD LAO KEN MDG SEN PNG AGO KHM ZMB.7 VNM CHN ZAR SDN ZWE TGO CMR IND.6 GHA BGD THA BEN ZAR LAO YEM CIV BDI IDN.5 PAK ETH GTM TUR LKA BOL TZA MLI RWA UGAGHA PHL.4 NER NPL KHMBEN MAR TGO NGA TJK EGY PRY NGA HND MDG SDN TCD CMR PER MWI MOZ TJK SLV BFA PNG SYR.3 UZB UZB AZE ECU PRY IRN BGD VNM KEN IND CIV DZA TUN PAK HND SYR IRN GTM POL YEM COL MEX GIN LKA PHL MYS.2 SEN DOM ROM BRA CHN CHL ZMB ZWE IDN UKR BOL MAR BLR COL AZE BLR EGY ROM TUN SLV TUR UKR DOM HUN AGO ECU ZAF DZATHA MYS ARG BGR SVK VEN.1 PER CZE BRA SVK CHL HUN CZE MEX ARG POL VEN ZAF Log of GDP per capita (constant 2 US$), Source: World Bank, DDP,September 26 3/29
4 People and poor: 3 billion rural people, 75% developing country poor rural. Rising number of rural poor in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Urban poverty constant. Decline in rural poverty: at least half not due to migration agriculture important Number of poor (million people) Urban East Asia - rural South Asia - rural Sub-Saharan Africa - rural Latin America and the Caribbean - rural Middle East and North Africa - rural Europe and Central Asia - rural 4/29
5 Environment: 85% of water use, 3% of GHG including through deforestation Percent of total GHG emissions 8% 6% 4% 2% % Energy Agriculture Deforestation Industrial processes Developing countries (Non-Annex I) Developed countries (Annex I) Waste Agriculture too important for development to be ignored; MDG will not be met in poorer countries w/o greater role for agriculture 5/29
6 1.3. Dualism is pervasive In agriculture: market participants (commercial farmers, smallholders), subsistence farming Typology of rural households based on the dominant source of income 1% % % 4% M L D Fm Fs 39 2% % 4 7 Ghana Vietnam Guatemala Source: RIGA project, FAO F: more than 75% of income from on-farm (Fs less than 5%, Fm more than 5% sold) D: no income source is more than 75% of income L: more than 75% of income from ag labor and the RNFE M: more than 75% of income from migration 6/29
7 Other dimensions of dualism: In the rural labor market: low labor skill-high labor skills, with large wage differentials In the RNFE: low value added-high value added firms: low value added firms are largely disguised unemployment In migration: pull and push migration Need differentiated policies for effectiveness: issues of design, balance, and targeting 7/29
8 2. Cross-country/regional heterogeneity: Three worlds of agriculture 2.1. Three country categories.8 Poverty data from Ravallion et al. 27 Other predicted poverty data Dynamic analysis Agriculture-based countries RWA BDI.6 CMR MWI Agricullture contribution to growth, CHL BRA VEN ARG Urbanized countries BLR SDN 65-7 IND BEN PRY NER NGA TZA BGR GHA TGO AZE CIV SYR ETH MDG BFA ZMB KEN UGA MOZ GINMLI TCD HND PAK IRN YEM IND 7-76 KHM GTM SEN DZA IDN PHL BOL BGD VNM IDN RUS PER AGO EGY 9-96 IND BRA UKR DOM MAR TUN CZE SVK THA LKA MEX TUR SLV BRA ROM ECU IDN ZAF POL HUN ZAR MYS TJK COL Transforming countries LAO NPL PNG 81- CHN CHN 95 CHN CHN 96-1 ZWE Share of total poverty in rural areas, 22 8/29
9 Table 1 Country characteristics by category Agriculture-based countries Transforming countries Urbanized countries Rural population (million) 368 2, Share of agriculture in GDP growth (%) Agricultural growth (% annual) Non-agricultural growth (% annual) Number of rural poor ($2/day, in million) 278 1,53 91 Share of rural poor in total poor (%) /29
10 2.2. Contrasted roles of agriculture for development and policy problems across country categories Agriculture-based (mainly SS-African countries) Role of agriculture to kick-start growth and for mass poverty reduction. Food problem: how to get agriculture moving and keep food price low (Non-tradable sector) Transforming (mainly Asian, MENA, and ECA countries) Rural-urban disparity problem (political pressures) Major unresolved challenge: address disparity without protection and subsidies Urbanizing (mainly LAC and ECA countries) Sub-sectors with comparative advantage (tradables) Farm subsidies problem and social incorporation 1/29
11 2.3. Sub-national regional disparities: FAR (agricultural potential and market access) and MAR; most of the poor are in FAR (poverty maps) Most of the poor are located in favorable areas (Brazil and Thailand) Share of rural poor by access to city and agricultural potential Brazil.6 Share of rural poor by access to city and agricultural potential Thailand.6 % of poor population % of poor population Good Access Moderate Access High Medium Low Potential Low Access High Medium Low Potential The challenge of low rural population density: dispersed population in Zambia, concentrated in India Proportion of population Brazil India Proportion of population Good Access Zambia Moderate Access Cambodia Low Access Population per sq km Population per sq km Brazil: Share below 15sq km: 25% Share of rural (UN): 19% India: Share below 15sq km: 9% Share of rural (UN): 72% Zambia: Share below 15sq km: 65% Share of rural (UN): 65% Cambodia: Share below 15sq km: 31% Share of rural (UN): 83% 11/29
12 3. Agriculture has a proven record of success for growth and poverty reduction 3.1. Special powers in reducing poverty GDP growth originating in agriculture benefits most the poorest two-thirds Income gains induced by 1% GDP growth (%) Expenditure deciles Agriculture Non-Agriculture 3.2. Agriculture as a source of growth in agriculture-based countries Arithmetic of agriculture: a large sector with under-used potential Source of growth: TFP growth in agriculture can be high Multiplier effects on rest of the economy larger than reverse Comparative advantage is in primary sectors (current spurt of growth) 12/29
13 4. Yet, agriculture has too often been under- and mis-used for development 4.1. Global trade policies have been costly on developing country agriculture Real international commodity prices have been suppressed by current global trade policies (% of price) Trade share losses to developing countries due to current global trade policies (% point loss to developing country trade shares) -2.8 Cotton Cotton Oilseed Oilseed Dairy products Dairy products Other grains Course grains Wheat Wheat Processed meat Processed meat Rice Rice Fruit and vegetables Fruit and vegetables Other crops Other crops Sugar Sugar Livestock Livestock Vegetable oil and fats Vegetable oils and fats -1 13/29
14 4.2. There has been under-investment in agriculture Estimated returns to agricultural R&D are high: above cost of money All countries (1673) All developed countries (99) All developing countries (683) Sub-Saharan Africa (188) Asia (222) Middle East/North Africa (11) Latin America (262) Percent Declining share of ag. in public expenditures in SS-Africa, 198 and 24 SS-Africa Asia Public spending on agriculture as a share of agricultural GDP (%) Share of agriculture in GDP (%) /29
15 4.3. There has also been mis-investment in agriculture 7 6 Food Reserve Agency maize marketing (15%) Food Security Pack and EDRP (11%) Irrigation investment (3%) Percentage of AgGDP Public Inv Subsidies Infrastructure (2%) Personal emolmuments (2%) 1 Fertilizer Support Program (37%) Operational funds (11%) Subsidies in India have risen from More than a third of Zambia s 24/5 public 25 to 6% of agricultural GDP budget for agriculture went to fertilizer subsidies 15/29
16 4.4. Donors have turned their back on agriculture The share of agriculture in official development assistance has been low and has fallen much faster than rural poverty % poverty in rural areas % ODA % poverty % ODA to agriculture 16/29
17 The consequence: a rising cereals yield gap between SS-Africa and the rest of the world 5 4 Developed Countries Developing Countries 5 4 SSA SAS EAP MNA Yields (ton/ha) 3 2 Yields (ton/ha) 3 2 LAC Sub-optimal contribution to growth and poverty reduction (agriculture-based countries). And permanence of high rural poverty and rising disparities (agriculture-based and transforming countries) 17/29
18 5. Significant improvements are possible 5.1. New opportunities exist (1) Improved price incentives Agriculture-based countries lower net agricultural taxation in a majority of countries Nominal Rates of Assistance Kenya Uganda Cameroon Ghana Sudan Nigeria Ethiopia Tanzania Zambia Cote d'ivoire /29
19 (2) The new agriculture is driven by dynamic markets High value exports from developing countries are growing rapidly % 32% $ billion 2 prices % 13% 49% 21% 16% 21% Cereals Traditional Exports Meat, Fish, Dairy & Eggs Fruits, Vegetables and Beverages 19/29
20 (3) The rural non-farm economy: a source of income diversification Percent of income Other Remittances Nonfarm business Nonfarm wages Farm wages Farm Diversification of sources of income among rural households in Bangladesh, /29
21 5.2. But there are new challenges (1) Asset squeeze on smallholders: Falling farm size: from Ethiopia to India Very low educational levels increasingly act as poverty traps Selective migration: young and educated migrate more Labor and knowledge losses due to HIV/AIDS in SS-Africa Rising water constraints Av size Farm size in India 21/29
22 (2) Challenges to smallholder competitiveness in the new agriculture Economies of scale in marketing, meeting phytosanitary standards Household participation in French bean export production in Senegal Incidence of poverty and extreme poverty among participating hh Share of participating households 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Share of households (%) non-participants estate farm workers contracted farmers Contract farmers Total participants Estate farm workers Incidence of poverty Incidence of extreme pover 22/29
23 (3) A huge employment challenge in rural areas Rising labor force and insufficient migration: 4 million new workers every year in India, 1 million in Bangladesh. The agricultural labor force is increasingly wage earners Distribution of rural employment by sector of activity, in selected countries Sector of activity Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia East Asia and the Pacific (excl. China) Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Men Agriculture, self-employed Agriculture, wage earner Non-agriculture, self employed Non-agriculture, wage earner Women Agriculture, self-employed Agriculture, wage earner Non-agriculture, self employed Non-agriculture, wage earner /29
24 (4) RNFE: Important for farm income diversification, but most rural non-farm enterprises have only two or three workers, mostly unpaid, with low value added (Indonesia 25) Total number of workers 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Unpaid labor Paid workers Median value-added / worker Value-added per worker (US$) 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, >1 Number of workers in firm 24/29
25 .4 (5) Wages are higher in rural nonagricultural employment but mainly due to skills Uganda, 22 1 India, 2 Ag Non Ag.6 Mexico, (5) The investment climate for RNFE depends on: Demand side: a dynamic agriculture, access to external markets Supply side: financial services, business services 5.3. And new uncertainties Trade, GMO, climate change, higher energy prices, biofuels, diseases New role for the state in insuring catastrophic events 25/29
26 6. Agendas for action by country categories: Widen pathways out of poverty Four generic components of an agricultural for development agenda 26/29
27 7. Main messages: Message 1. Implement a Green Revolution in Africa. Successful agricultural growth is fundamental for poverty reduction in the agriculture-based countries. For Africa: A Green Revolution for Africa, different from Asia: need a comprehensive approach with greatly increased investment in public goods, based on decentralization and participation to manage heterogeneity Differentiated policies: market entry (assets), competitiveness of market participants (including financial services), and support to livelihoods in subsistence farming (resilient farming systems, social assistance) Message 2. Use agriculture to meet the disparity problem in transforming countries, but not alone Diversification into high value activities and extend green revolution to rainfed areas. Improve the investment climate for the rural non-farm economy. Massive investment in human capital for exit from agriculture. 27/29
28 Message 3. Make agricultural growth more sustainable and provide environmental services. This requires adjusting incentives, defining property rights, improved technologies, community devolution and local management capacity, and markets for environmental services. Message 4. Improve governance for agriculture. Agriculture is a private activity but it is highly dependent for success on the provision of public goods and regulation. Yet, good governance is lacking most in the agriculture-based countries, and in agriculture relative to other sectors in all country categories. Message 5. Successful national agriculture-for-development strategies are conditional on delivery of a global agenda Key role of international organizations in addressing an inter-related agenda, together with new actors: multinational agribusiness and philanthropy. 28/29
29 II. Financial services for smallholder competitiveness: Main conclusions 1. Financial constraints and lack of insurance remain pervasive for smallholders, and highly costly on growth and well-being 2. The microfinance revolution has yet had limited success in agriculture outside high turnover activities 3. New approaches show promise Financial intermediation among interlinked agents in value chains. Public-private reorganization of former public agricultural banks (Banrural). Links between savings and loan services, and between credit and insurance. Weather indexed insurance, but few successes (Mexico, Mongolia). Self-help groups and financial cooperatives. Rural leasing firms. Role of information technologies to reduce transactions costs. MFI credit reporting bureaus to open credit ladders. 4. But large gaps remain, requiring a major effort to give a chance to smallholder farming, particularly in the new agriculture and to diversify in the RNFE. 29/29
World Development Report 2008 Agriculture for Development
World Development Report 2008 Agriculture for Development Preliminary version in progress 75% of the world s poor are rural and most are involved in farming. Agriculture remains a fundamental instrument
More informationAgriculture and land tenure
ECON 184 Agriculture and land tenure ECON 184: Agriculture and land tenure April 23, 29 1 Contents 1 Agriculture 4 1.1 Agriculture and development.............. 5 1.2 Why is agriculture important?.............
More informationSource: WHO. Note: ARI = acute respiratory infections.
Global Hunger and Food Security Initiaitve i i The Global Challenge One Billion People Suffer Chronic Hunger Where the Hungry Live Malnutrition Contributes to Half of Deaths in Children Source: WHO. Note:
More informationLevels & trends in agricultural spending & investment
Preliminary estimates of Levels & trends in agricultural spending & investment background work for The State of Food & Agriculture 2012 Sarah K. Lowder Economist Agricultural Development Economics Division,
More informationDiego Restuccia. University of Toronto and NBER
Discussion of Are There Too Many Farms in the World? Labor-Market Transaction Costs, Machine Capacities and Optimal Farm Size, by Foster and Rosenzweig Diego Restuccia University of Toronto and NBER NBER
More informationIs Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries
Is Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries Johannes Jütting and Juan R de Laiglesia IZA/World Bank Conference on Employment and Development Bonn, 4 May 2009 Overview Informal
More informationLow-skill labor-intensive tradables. equipment
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Average blue collar share (%) Commodity-based regional processing Manufacture of wood and wood products Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel and leather products Manufacture
More informationTraditional agricultural practices and the sex ratio today
Supplementary Material for Traditional agricultural practices and the sex ratio today Alberto Alesina 1,2, Paola Giuliano 3,2, *, Nathan Nunn 1,2 1 Harvard University. 2 NBER. 3 UCLA. *Correspondence to:
More informationEconomic Diversification in Low Income Countries (LICs): Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic Implications
Economic Diversification in Low Income Countries (LICs): Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic Implications Chris Papageorgiou Nikola Spatafora Second Annual IMF/WB/WTO Joint Trade Workshop Geneva, Switzerland
More informationAgriculture for Development. Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa
Agriculture for Development Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa Main Message World Development Report 28 To achieve the Millennium Development Goals, agriculture must be given much higher priority in the development
More informationI. Sub-Saharan Africa: 40 years of structural transformation without growth
Agriculture for Development in Africa: Business-as-Usual or New Departures? Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet University of California at Berkeley 1 The world of agriculture is in a state of crisis.
More informationThe African Manufacturing Malaise: Nature and Determinants
The African Manufacturing Malaise: Nature and Determinants Haroon Bhorat, Chris Rooney and Francois Steenkamp The Quality of Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa A Workshop of the JICA-IPD Task Force on Africa
More informationHAS SUSTAINED GROWTH DECOUPLED FROM INDUSTRIALIZATION? Dani Rodrik February 2014
HAS SUSTAINED GROWTH DECOUPLED FROM INDUSTRIALIZATION? Dani Rodrik February 2014 Recent growth performance in the developing world Growth performance of country groups since 1980 10.0% 1980-1990 8.0% 1990-2000
More informationBuilding State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action
Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action Lant Pritchett Harvard Kennedy School and Center for Global Development January 16, 2017 Enhancing Quality of Service Delivery Conference Outline State
More informationRwanda s Agricultural Productivity Gaps
Rwanda s Agricultural Productivity Gaps Paul Brimble Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning paul.brimble@minecofin.gov.rw January 30, 2018 Paul Brimble (MINECOFIN) Rwanda s Agricultural Productivity
More informationAPPENDIX C Questions from Hofstede s survey used to identify individualism (source Exhibit 5.11 in Hofstede (2001)):
APPENDIX C Questions from Hofstede s survey used to identify individualism (source Exhibit 5.11 in Hofstede (2001)): 1. Have challenging work to do work from which you can get a personal sense of accomplishment
More informationUrbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
Urbanization in SubSaharan Africa (SSA) Vernon Henderson: Brown University Mark Roberts, Uwe Deichmann: World Bank Adam Storeygard: Tufts University May 2013 Literature s claim: Africa is different Urbanization
More informationIntensive and Extensive Land Supply Response to Agricultural Crop Prices. Zabid Iqbal. December 6, 2017
Intensive and Extensive Land Supply Response to Agricultural Crop Prices Zabid Iqbal December 6, 2017 1 Intensive and Extensive Land Supply Response to Agricultural Crop Prices Outline Contribution Background/Motivation/Existing
More informationGROWTH, STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN AFRICA
GROWTH, STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN AFRICA Johannesburg November 2014 Francisco H. G. Ferreira Chief Economist, Africa Region The World Bank OUTLINE 1. Current economic performance
More informationGLOBALIZATION, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH BY MCMILLAN AND RODRIK. Comments: Bill Maloney
GLOBALIZATION, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH BY MCMILLAN AND RODRIK Comments: Bill Maloney What are we measuring? In a competitive context w/o distortions, labor productivity driven by K/L
More informationRural Economy: Driver of Growth and Poverty Alleviation. Review of Cross-country Experiences. By Rashid Faruqee Senior Policy Advisor MINFAL
Rural Economy: Driver of Growth and Poverty Alleviation Review of Cross-country Experiences By Rashid Faruqee Senior Policy Advisor MINFAL 1 Plan of Presentation 1. Key Definitions Sources of Growth Driver
More informationThe Global Food Price Crisis: Analysis and Response
The Global Food Price Crisis: Analysis and Response Mark Cackler October 2, 2008 Agriculture & Rural Development Department Chicago The World Bank mcackler@worldbank.org World Development Report 2008:
More informationUrbanization and Health: challenges and promises
Urbanization and Health: challenges and promises Wilson Centre Seminar on Capitol Hill Improving Health Outcomes for the Slum Dwellers and the Urban Poor 20 July 2010 Dr Jacob Kumaresan This year 1 billion
More informationChapter 2. Evaluation Highlights
Chapter 2 Evaluation Highlights Emissions levels are closely tied to income level and population, but policy has substantial leeway to reduce emissions. Fuel subsidies increase emissions. Poor countries
More informationPROGRESS TOWARD SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
PROGRESS TOWARD SUSTAINABLE ENERGY Global Tracking Framework 2015 Coordinators: Partners: Despite some acceleration, Africa still not moving fast enough to end energy poverty by 2030 Pace of electrification
More informationRisky Agriculture, Farm Earnings, and Development
Risky Agriculture, Farm Earnings, and Development Preliminary Antonio Ciccone ICREA-UPF Economic Development as Structural Transformation AGRICULTURE MANUFACTURING What determines whether this transformation
More informationRoy Parizat, Senior Economist, Global Agricultural Practice, The World Bank ww.worldbank.org/agriculture Presentation to ICO,
Roy Parizat, Senior Economist, Global Agricultural Practice, The World Bank rparizat@worldbank.org ww.worldbank.org/agriculture Presentation to ICO, 3 March 2015 Presentation Outline Why Agriculture Matters
More informationReallocation and Productivity
/44 Reallocation and Productivity Diego Restuccia University of Toronto Public Lecture Productivity Commission Wellington, New Zealand March 4, 204 2/44 Motivation Fundamental question in development economics:
More informationIs Innovation the Premise of Social Progress?
Is Innovation the Premise of Social Progress? Mihai Mihaela The Bucharest University of Economic Studies mihaela.mihai@csie.ase.ro Abstract Improving the quality of life involves a complex and multidimensional
More informationPoverty is concentrated in rural areas:
focus A Declining rural poverty has been a key factor in aggregate poverty reduction Poverty rates in rural areas have declined over the past decade, mostly because of the impressive gains in China. But
More informationOECD experience with strenghthening fiscal capacities for subnational public investment
Leopolis Hall Prospekt Svobody, L viv, Ukraine 22 June 2017 OECD experience with strenghthening fiscal capacities for subnational public investment Isabelle CHATRY Project manager, subnational finances
More informationHuman Capital and Income Inequality: Some Facts and Some Puzzles *
Human Capital and Income Inequality: Some Facts and Some Puzzles * Amparo Castelló-Climent a and Rafael Doménech a,b a University of Valencia b BBVA Research October 2012 Abstract Using a broad number
More informationChanging patterns in the international movement of crop genetic material: An analysis of global policy drivers and potential consequences
Changing patterns in the international movement of crop genetic material: An analysis of global policy drivers and potential consequences D. Mekonnen; D. Spielman International Food Policy Research Institute
More informationCARBON EMISSIONS AND INCOME INEQUALITY
OXFAM TECHNICAL BRIEFING DECEMBER 2015 CARBON EMISSIONS AND INCOME INEQUALITY Technical note This note explains the data and calculations used to produce the emissions distributions used in Oxfam s Extreme
More informationFrom Protection to Production: Breaking the Cycle of Rural Poverty
FAO Economic and Social Development Department From Protection to Production: Breaking the Cycle of Rural Poverty Benjamin Davis Deputy Director Agricultural Development Economics Division World Food Day,
More informationAgriculture for Development
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 2008 world development report Agriculture for Development 41455 world development report
More informationProduct Complexity and Economic Development
Forthcoming: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics Product Complexity and Economic Development Jesus Felipe Utsav Kumar Arnelyn Abdon Marife Bacate JEL Classification: O10, O14 Development is a process
More informationA Western Reversal Since the Neolithic? The Long-Run Impact of Early Agriculture
A Western Since the Neolithic? A Western Since the Neolithic? The Long-Run Impact of Early Agriculture Ola Olsson Christopher Paik U Gothenburg & NYU Abu Dhabi Warwick, May 29, 2013 Main issue A Western
More informationWhat is the role of gender in smallholder farming?
What is the role of gender in smallholder farming? Libor Stloukal FAO, Rome, Italy ICRISAT s 40 th Science Symposium Patancheru, 24-25 September 2012 Key messages 1) Significant gender disparities continue
More informationPROGRESS TOWARD SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
PROGRESS TOWARD SUSTAINABLE ENERGY Global Tracking Framework 2015 Coordinators: Partners: Global Tracking Framework 2015 Results for Africa Despite some acceleration, Africa still not moving fast enough
More informationAppendix NOT FOR PUBLICATION. Geographic dominance in coding technologies
Appendix NOT FOR PUBLICATION Geographic dominance in coding technologies In a few cases, we have not been able to document directly the absence of some specific technology in a given country X. In these
More informationLINKAGES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
LINKAGES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Dominick Bartelme & Yuriy Gorodnichenko University of Michigan & UC Berkeley World Bank Conference on The Rise of the South May 16, 2016 RESEARCH QUESTION How are intermediate
More informationInfrastructure Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Policy Research Working Paper 8425 WPS8425 Infrastructure Development in Sub-Saharan Africa A Scorecard César Calderón Catalina Cantú Punam Chuhan-Pole Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
More informationDiscussion of The Life-Cycle Growth of Plants in Colombia: Fundamentals vs. Distortions, by Marcela Eslava and John Haltiwanger
Discussion of The Life-Cycle Growth of Plants in Colombia: Fundamentals vs. Distortions, by Marcela Eslava and John Haltiwanger Diego Restuccia University of Toronto and NBER NBER Summer Institute Productivity,
More informationGrowth, Inequality and Poverty Reduction in Africa
Growth, Inequality and Poverty Reduction in Africa Francisco H. G. Ferreira The World Bank and IZA OUTLINE I. An African growth profile II. Effects on poverty, mediated by inequality III. Four key policy
More informationThe Future of Growth. Dani Rodrik August 2011
The Future of Growth Dani Rodrik August 2011 0.02.04.06 An extraordinary decade 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 year smoothed trend actual Growth trends in world economy: GDP per capita growth rates,
More informationUnderappreciated Facts about African Agriculture:
Underappreciated Facts about African Agriculture: Implications for Poverty Reduction and Agricultural Growth Strategies T.S Jayne with colleagues at Michigan State University ICRAF / Nairobi March 20,
More informationThe Service Revolution
THE WORLD BANK POVERTY REDUCTION AND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT NETWORK (PREM) Economic Premise MAY 21 Number 14 The Service Revolution Ejaz Ghani and Homi Kharas The growth experience of India and other South
More informationSpecialization, Economic Development and Aggregate Productivity Differences
Specialization, Economic Development and Aggregate Productivity Differences David Lagakos Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, and Arizona State University Michael E. Waugh Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis,
More informationRural Poverty and Agricultural Water Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
CHAPTER 1 Rural Poverty and Agricultural Water Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 1.1 The Millennium Development Goals, Agricultural Growth, and Rural Poverty In 2, the Millennium Declaration committed
More informationStructural Change and Economic Dynamics
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 23 (212) 36 68 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Structural Change and Economic Dynamics j ourna l ho me pag e: www.elsevier.com/locate/sced Product
More informationGeography and Agricultural Productivity: Cross-Country Evidence from Micro Plot-Level Data
Geography and Agricultural Productivity: Cross-Country Evidence from Micro Plot-Level Data Tasso Adamopoulos York University Diego Restuccia University of Toronto February 2015 Abstract The disparity in
More informationPalm oil in the context of world commodities markets: implications for food security
Palm oil in the context of world commodities markets: implications for food security Sumiter Singh BROCA Policy Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Palm Oil Trade Fair and Seminar Kuala
More informationHow Trade Liberalization Can Benefit the Environment (or The Fallacy of Food Miles )
How Trade Liberalization Can Benefit the Environment (or The Fallacy of Food Miles ) Robert L. Thompson Gardner Endowed Chair in Agricultural Policy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 12 May 2008
More informationLandscape of NTMs for Environmental Goods
Landscape of NTMs for Environmental Goods Jaime de Melo Ferdi Jean-Marc Solleder University of Geneva Session 3-4:30 pm, September 25 Boosting Sustainable Development: Impact of NTMs and Policy Responses
More informationGenetic Diversity and Comparative Development
Genetic Diversity and Comparative Development Oded Galor Oded Galor Genetic Diversity and Development 1 / 92 Introduction Comparative Development Income per Capita across the Globe in 2010 0-1000 1000-3000
More informationRicardo Hausmann and César A. Hidalgo WEBPUBLICATIONS 74
HOW WILL THE NETHERLANDS EARN ITS INCOME 20 YEARS FROM NOW? A GROWTH VENTURES ANALYSIS FOR THE NETHERLANDS SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL FOR GOVERNMENT POLICY (WRR) Ricardo Hausmann and César A. Hidalgo WEBPUBLICATIONS
More informationAnd the problem areas are Asia and Sub- Saharan Africa
The International Communities Millennium development goal # 1: halving poverty and hunger by 2015, will not be met The Impact on Developing Country Agriculture of the Global Economic Downturn and the OECD
More informationMAKING GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS WORK FOR DEVELOPMENT
MAKING GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS WORK FOR DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS, POLICY QUESTIONS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COUNTRY ENGAGEMENT Klaus Tilmes Deborah Winkler UN Expert Group on International Trade and Economic Globalization
More informationAgriculture in A changing world. Dr. Agnes M. Kalibata Minister of State in charge of Agriculture (Rwanda)
Agriculture in A changing world Dr. Agnes M. Kalibata Minister of State in charge of Agriculture (Rwanda) Characteristics of Agriculture in Africa Largest contributor to GDP (32%) Main source of income
More informationSmallholder or family farming in transforming economies of Asia & Latin America: Challenges and opportunities
Smallholder or family farming in transforming economies of Asia & Latin America: Challenges and opportunities Ganesh Thapa Regional Economist, Asia and the Pacific Division, International Fund for Agricultural
More informationDiversifying Uzbekistan
Country Partnership Strategy: Uzbekistan 2012 2016 Diversifying Uzbekistan 28 January 2011 Central and West Asia Department 2 1. Introduction Uzbekistan is a natural-resource rich economy situated at the
More informationAgriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects. Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University
Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University I. Success 1. For the past three decades (1978-2010), China
More informationProspects and challenges of agricultural trade between China and Latin America: analysis of problems and opportunities from the Chinese perspective
Prospects and challenges of agricultural trade between China and Latin America: analysis of problems and opportunities from the Chinese perspective Li Xiande Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,
More informationStructural Change, Misallocation, and Aggregate Productivity
Structural Change, Misallocation, and Aggregate Productivity Diego Restuccia University of Toronto & NBER World Bank, Washington DC October 18, 2016 Restuccia Aggregate Productivity World Bank & ECB 1
More informationI M F S T A F F D I S C U S S I O N N O T E. Economic Diversification in LICs: Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic Implications
I M F S T A F F D I S C U S S I O N N O T E December 14, 2012 SDN/12/13 Economic Diversification in LICs: Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic Implications Chris Papageorgiou and Nikola Spatafora I N T E R
More informationToward World Food Security
Toward World Food Security PRESENTED BY Greg Traxler Monday, July 20, 2009 1 IFMA7 Conference, Bloomington, Illinois Food Security when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access
More informationAgricultural Policies for Poverty Reduction. Jonathan Brooks OECD Trade and Agriculture Chatham House Friday 2 nd March 2012
Agricultural Policies for Poverty Reduction Jonathan Brooks OECD Trade and Agriculture Chatham House Friday 2 nd March 2012 Contributors: Phil Abbott, Purdue University Jonathan Brooks, OECD Katia Covarrubias,
More information4 th Stakeholder Plenary Meeting from feedstocks to finance upscaling sustainable biofuels. Implementation of sustainability regulations in the EU
4 th Stakeholder Plenary Meeting from feedstocks to finance upscaling sustainable biofuels Implementation of sustainability regulations in the EU Brussels, September 15, 2011 Dr. Norbert Schmitz Meo Carbon
More informationAlliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA)
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) Solving Africa s food crisis: The urgency of an Africa-driven agenda for the Green Revolution Akin Adesina Vice President AGRA Asia Achieved a Green Revolution
More informationLivestock production in developing countries: globally significant and locally relevant John McDermott Deputy Director General
Livestock production in developing countries: globally significant and locally relevant John McDermott Deputy Director General Swedish Agricultural University Agricultural Research for Development Scales
More informationStrategy Options for the Maize and Fertilizer Sectors of Eastern and Southern Africa
Strategy Options for the Maize and Fertilizer Sectors of Eastern and Southern Africa T.S Jayne, D. Mather, and E. Mghenyi Presentation at DFID/London London, UK July 1, 2005 General consensus Need for
More informationUNMISTAKABLE SIGNS OF AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION INAFRICA
UNMISTAKABLE SIGNS OF AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION INAFRICA T.S. Jayne and Holger Kray Seminar at Agricultural Working Group meeting 9 April 2018 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 7 UNMISTAKABLE SIGNS OF AGRI-FOOD
More informationUnderstanding Productivity Differences
Understanding Productivity Differences Daron Acemoglu Charles P. Kindleberger Professor of Economics Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Wealth of Nations Tremendous growth in income per capita in
More informationFDI Spillovers and High-Growth Firms in Developing Countries
Policy Research Working Paper 8243 WPS8243 FDI Spillovers and High-Growth Firms in Developing Countries José-Daniel Reyes Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
More informationAssistance to agricultural development in Africa: Decline and Reversal
Assistance to agricultural development in Africa: Decline and Reversal Alexandros Sarris Department of Economics, University of Athens, Greece Prepared for the 16 th GDN Conference, Casablanca, Morocco,
More informationA Conceptual Framework for Export Diversification and Sustainable Growth Part I. Inclusive Growth Course Vandana Chandra October 27, 2010
A Conceptual Framework for Export Diversification and Sustainable Growth Part I Inclusive Growth Course Vandana Chandra October 27, 2010 1 Outline of the presentation A. Why does a country need to diversify?
More informationScience and Technology Policies for Agricultural Productivity and Growth in Developing Countries
Science and Technology Policies for Agricultural Productivity and Growth in Developing Countries Joachim von Braun Director General International Food Policy Research Institute AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK FORUM
More informationglobal value chains kampala, uganda 16/ix/2014 kostas karantininis swedish university of agricultural sciences (slu) uppsala, sweden
global value chains kampala, uganda 16/ix/2014 kostas karantininis swedish university of agricultural sciences (slu) uppsala, sweden κosτas κaranτininis karantininis.konstantinos@slu.se what does uganda
More informationMegatrends Transforming Africa s Agri-food Systems
Megatrends Transforming Africa s Agri-food Systems T.S. Jayne, with Milu Muyanga, Kwame Yeboah, Ayala Wineman, Nicholas Sitko, Lulama Traub USAID Bureau for Food Security Seminar, Washington, DC 21 June,
More informationChallenges Facing the Food & Agricultural Sector
Challenges Facing the Food & Agricultural Sector Robert L. Thompson Gardner Endowed Chair in Agricultural Policy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 15 October 2007 Projected Population Growth (U.N.
More informationRising Food Prices: Causes, Effects, and Actions Needed
Rising Food Prices: Causes, Effects, and Actions Needed Rajul Pandya-Lorch International Food Policy Research Institute 2008 Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium Confronting Crisis: Agriculture and
More informationWHAT KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES LEAD TO BROAD-BASED GROWTH?
WHAT KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES LEAD TO BROAD-BASED GROWTH? IMPLICATIONS FOR FEED THE FUTURE AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMING T.S. Jayne and Duncan Boughton Food Security III, Michigan State University USAID
More informationDevelopment at the Rural-Urban Interface
Development at the Rural-Urban Interface Initial Ideas for a New Initiative on Territorial Inequality and Development July 2015 The development opportunity The program is about the livelihoods of 5.5 billion
More informationThe outlook for global food and agricultural markets
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 10th MULTI-YEAR EXPERT MEETING ON COMMODITIES AND DEVELOPMENT 25-26 April 2018, Geneva The outlook for global food and agricultural markets By Holger
More informationThe Size Distribution of Farms and International Productivity Differences
The Size Distribution of Farms and International Productivity Differences Tasso Adamopoulos York University Diego Restuccia University of Toronto February 21, 2013 IMF Washington, DC Adamopoulos and Restuccia
More informationMegatrends Driving Agricultural Transformation in Africa
Megatrends Driving Agricultural Transformation in Africa Focus on Malawi T. S. Jayne, Kwame Yeboah, and Milu Muyanga Presentation at USAID/Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi 24 July, 2017 Five inter-related trends
More informationGeography and Agricultural Productivity: Cross-Country Evidence from Micro Plot-Level Data
Geography and Agricultural Productivity: Cross-Country Evidence from Micro Plot-Level Data Tasso Adamopoulos York University Diego Restuccia University of Toronto & NBER January 2017 Abstract What accounts
More informationMeasuring Agro-Industry and Agribusiness in East Asia
Measuring Agro-Industry and Agribusiness in East Asia Patrick Labaste, FAO/AGS FAO-UNIDO Expert Group Meeting on Agro-industry Measurement (AIM) 23-24 November 2015, Rome, Italy 2 Overview What we were
More informationShifting Wealth and the Consequences of Rising Food Prices on Social Cohesion: A Diagnosis and Policy Responses
Shifting Wealth and the Consequences of Rising Food Prices on Social Cohesion: A Diagnosis and Policy Responses Andrew Mold, Senior Economist OECD Development Centre International Conference on Social
More informationDAVID VS. GOLIATH THE REVOLUTION IN AFRICA'S FARM STRUCTURE
DAVID VS. GOLIATH THE REVOLUTION IN AFRICA'S FARM STRUCTURE T.S. Jayne, Lulama Traub, and F.H. Meyer Milu Muyanga, T.S. Jayne, and J. Chamberlain W. Anseeuw and Antoine Ducastel Presentation at IFAMA Agribusiness
More informationMegatrends transforming Tanzania s agri-food systems: Towards inclusive economic transformation?
Megatrends transforming Tanzania s agri-food systems: Towards inclusive economic transformation? T.S. Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Kwame Yeboah, Ayala Wineman, Lulama Traub Presentation at Third Annual Agricultural
More informationMegatrends transforming Tanzania s agri-food systems: Towards inclusive economic transformation?
Megatrends transforming Tanzania s agri-food systems: Towards inclusive economic transformation? T.S. Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Kwame Yeboah, Ayala Wineman, Lulama Traub Presentation at Third Annual Agricultural
More informationIssues in Rural Development and Agriculture
Issues in Rural Development and Agriculture A Presentation for the Public Expenditure Analysis and Management Course Csaba Csaki (RDV) May 22, 2002 Structure of Presentation New Framework: Revised Rural
More informationTowards a Set of Principles for Responsible Agro-investment
Roundtable Promoting Responsible International Investment in Agriculture held concurrently with The 64th United Nations General Assembly New York City, 23 September 2009 Securing Land Tenure and Improving
More informationMegatrends Driving Agricultural Transformation in Africa
Megatrends Driving Agricultural Transformation in Africa Challenges and Opportunities T. S. Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Felix Kwame Yeboah, Ayala Wineman, Lulama Traub Presentation at USAID/Kenya Nairobi, Kenya
More informationThe influence of climate variability and climate change on the agricultural sector in East and Central Africa
24 October, WMO meeting The influence of climate variability and climate change on the agricultural sector in East and Central Africa Sensitizing the ASARECA strategic plan Contribution to project output
More informationSHARING THE GROWTH STATE OF THE AFRICA REGION WORLD BANK IMF ANNUAL MEETINGS 2013 OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ECONOMIST - AFRICA REGION WORLD BANK
SHARING THE GROWTH STATE OF THE AFRICA REGION WORLD BANK IMF ANNUAL MEETINGS 2013 OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ECONOMIST - AFRICA REGION WORLD BANK OUTLINE I. Progress against poverty in Africa: an overview II.
More informationEnabling the Business of Agriculture
Enabling the Business of Agriculture Seed market in Africa: challenges and prospects Jean Philippe Lodugnon Harding Dakar, March 1, 2017 Background 78% of the world s poor live in rural areas 50% more
More information