constraint to human development and agricultural production. from both health and agricultural sectors combating Zoonoses is needed.

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2 constraint to human development and agricultural production. from both health and agricultural sectors combating Zoonoses is needed. for disease control is an essential element for decision making process especially under the resource deficit conditions. studies of the diseases are the spear head for the priority setting. this work is to review what had been written in literature on the socio economics impacts of trypansomiasis. were categorized to qualitative, quantitative(monetary and non-monetary assessments).

3 Reduces productivity of the infected people, caregivers and at Risk population(east Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo. Impedes development - war-torn zones such as Angola, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Côte d Ivoire..Drains of the family s resources time and money wise Kenya Democratic Republic of Congo. Leads to abandonment of fertile lands (Kenya and Democratic Republic of Congo.

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5 . Africa settlement - Migration, parts of sub-saharan Africa, Africa HAT increased poverty and decreased agricultural activities, often leading to famine or lack of basic food security.

6 . Patients develop functional incapacities, Kenya Democratic Republic of Congo. Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Southern Sudan. a result of central nervous system involvement in late-stage disease, Kenya,Democratic Republic of Congo. in homes, Kenya and Democratic Republic of Congo

7 Social impacts at individual and family levels continued East Africa. and gynecological disorders,, Fontem, Cameroon., often increasing women s and children s burdens, Uganda. influence on their physical growth, intellectual development and attainment of sexual maturity. Africa. education, Uganda

8 WHO 1. 7 million DALYS were lost per year during due to the disease. United that the costs of Chagas disease on the American economy was roughly $900 million a year. US$345 million were activities 1975 to Estimated loss of 11.5 million DALY's. to finance the vector control of the program were US$ 7.5 billions. spent on the program, 1 DALY was gained. indicated savings of US$ 17 for each dollar spent on prevention.

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10 HT- QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT CONTINUED,,The mean cost per house per entomological survey was $ 4.4 the mean cost of spraying a house with insecticide was $ 27, Treatment of a chronic Chagas disease patient costs between $46.4 and $7,981 per year. Lost 753,828 (754 th) DALYS T. b. rhodesiense in Africa loses US$ 1.5 million in revenues from agriculture annually due to combined human and zoonotic forms of sleeping sickness..

11 HT - QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT CONTINUED the cost of HAT case per household was US $164 (43%) of the annual income of a household, indirect costs 95% Direct cost 5%. without intervention loss was 2,145 ( 2 th) DALYs (27 per case). intervention enabled 1,408 ( 1.5 th) DALYs to be averted at a savings of US $17 per DALY. household cost was ( US $100) DALY lost. ) the estimated the Direct cost of 143 case was estimated at US$ ( 15.5 th). The indirect was estimated at US$ 10 thousands.

12 QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT utilization of resource as result of the use of trypanotolerant breeds. in terms of milk, meat manure, Uganda, Yalé- Burkina Faso, South Sudan and Sudan. Calve mortality, India, Uganda South Sudan and Sudan. Yalé, Burkina Faso Uganda, Yalé-Burkina Faso, South Sudan and Sudan. Uganda, Decreases both lamping and kidding rates in sheep and goat Nigeria, Uganda to work as traction animals,uganda. prevention and treatment India Uganda.

13 QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT. spend every year at least $30 million to control cattle trypanosomiasis in term of curative and prophylactic treatments. calving rate reduced by 20%, increased calf mortality: 0-10 percent tolerant; percent susceptible. decreased cattle numbers: arid 14 percent; subhumid 27 percent; humid 77 percent. Reduced calving rates: 1-12 percent tolerant; percent susceptible. due to trypansomiasis are estimated to amount to between US$ billion each year. of AAT on agriculture the total losses, in terms of agricultural Gross Domestic Product, at US$ 4.75 billion per year.

14 QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT CONTINUED, AAT reducing meat by 20%, Reducing milk off take by 20%, calving rate by 20%. the average net benefits were 504,274 (500 th) and the financial rate of return was of treatment and control was daily milk yield of uninfected cows 0 26 higher than that for the infected cows. The decline in milk amounted to an average of 1 per month per cow. Economic losses in camel rearing areas, causing morbidity of up to 30.0% and mortality of around 3.0%

15 QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT CONTINUED loss from reduced weight gain and death amounted to 36 2 Kenya shillings per head for goats and and 62 9 sheep.,the estimated potential loss in the total population at risk was approximately K.Shs. 5 million for one year (around US$ 700 th). impact of about US$2.4 million per year. An annual curative strategy (Diminazine aceturate) is resulted in an annual expected net benefit to the region of over US$ 2 million.

16 WHAT ABOUT SUDAN??!! Socio- economic studies in Sudan were poor specially in case of HAT. Qualitative assessment studies on AAT were only recently studied by Elnour et al., However research on the socio -economic impacts of AAT on migratory cattle in Blue Nile is ongoing on (Ismail, et al).

17 Socio- economic impacts studies gain an equal importance as other types of research. However, in Africa more studies of socieconomic field are needed to help the policy makers in their decisions to combat the disease.

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